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| 1 | Why do we have so much trouble treating anal fistula?显示文摘Anal fistula is among the most common illnesses affecting man.Medical literature dating back to 400 BC has discussed this problem.Various causative factors have been proposed throughout the centuries,but it appears that the majority of fistulas unrelated to specific causes (e.g.Tuberculosis,Crohn’s disease) result from infection (abscess) in anal glands extending from the intersphincteric plane to various anorectal spaces.The tubular structure of an anal fistula easily yields itself to division or unroofing (fistulotomy) or excision (fistulectomy) in most cases.The problem with this single,yet effective,treatment plan is that depending on the thickness of sphincter muscle the fistula transgresses,the patient will have varying degrees of fecal incontinence from minor to total.In an attempt to preserve continence,various procedures have been proposed to deal with the fistulas.These include: (1) simple drainage (Seton);(2) closure of fistula tract using fibrin sealant or anal fistula plug;(3) closure of primary opening using endorectal or dermal flaps,and more recently;and (4) ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT).In most complex cases (i.e.Crohn’s disease),a proximal fecal diversion offers a measure of symptom-atic relief.The fact remains that an 'ideal' procedure for anal fistula remains elusive.The failure of each sphincter-preserving procedure (30%-50% recurrence) often results in multiple operations.In essence,the price of preservation of continence at all cost is multiple and often different operations,prolonged disability and disappointment for the patient and the surgeon.Nevertheless,the surgeon treating anal fistulas on an occasional basis should never hesitate in referring the patient to a specialist.Conversely,an expert colorectal surgeon must be familiar with many different operations in order to selectively tailor an operation to the individual patient. | Haig Dudukgian Herand Abcarian | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，28： | 18 |
| 2 | Management of low colorectal anastomotic leak:Preserving the anastomosis显示文摘Anastomotic leak continues to be a dreaded complication after colorectal surgery, especially in the low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis. However, there has been no consensus on the management of the low colorectal anastomotic leak. Currently operative procedures are reserved for patients with frank purulent or feculent peritonitis and unstable vital signs, and vary from simple fecal diversion with drainage to resection of the anastomosis and closure of the rectal stump with end colostomy(Hartmann's procedure). However, if the patient is stable, and the leak is identified days or even weeks postoperatively, less aggressive therapeutic measures may result in healing of the leak and salvage of the anastomosis. Advances in diagnosis and treatment of pelvic collections with percutaneous treatments, and newer methods of endoscopic therapies for the acutely leaking anastomosis, such as use of the endosponge, stents or clips, have greatly reduced the need for surgical intervention in selected cases. Diverting ileostomy, if not already in place, may be considered to reduce fecal contamination. For subclinical leaks or those that persist after the initial surgery, endoluminal approaches such as injection of fibrin sealant, use of endoscopic clips, or transanal closure of the very low anastomosis may be utilized. These newer techniques have variable success rates and must be individualized to the patient, with the goal of treatment being restoration of gastrointestinal continuity and healing of the anastomosis. A review of the treatment of low colorectal anastomotic leaks is presented. | Jennifer Blumetti Herand Abcarian | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，12： | 4 |
| 3 | Anorectal Infection: Abscess-Fistula显示文摘 | Herand Abcarian | 2011 | Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery2011，，01： | 2 |
| 4 | Risk factors and variables that differentiate depressed from nondepressed pregnant women显示文摘 | Tiffany F Herande Z Reif M | 2006 | Infant Behavior Dev2006，29，： | 1 |
| 5 | Exports and the Structure of Immigrant - Based Networks: The Role of Geographic Proximity 显示文摘 | HERANDER MARK G Saavedra Luz A | 2005 | Review of Economics and Statistics2005，87，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Prospective Multicenter Study of a Synthetic Bioabsorbable Anal Fistula Plug to Treat Cryptoglandular Transsphincteric Anal Fistulas显示文摘 | Michael J. Stamos Michael Snyder Bruce W. Robb Alex Ky Marc Singer David B. Stewart Toyooki Sonoda Herand Abcarian | 2015 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum2015，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Determination of inflammatory bowel disease activity by breath pentane analysis显示文摘 | Joseph Kokoszka Richard L. Nelson William I. Swedler John Skosey Herand Abcarian | 1993 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1993，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Pitfalls in the treatment of massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding with “blind” subtotal colectomy显示文摘 | James A. Gianfrancisco M.D. Dr. Herand Abcarian M.D | 1982 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1982，，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Early Experience with Stapled Hemorrhoidectomy in the United States显示文摘 | Marc A. Singer José R. Cintron James W. Fleshman Vivek Chaudhry Elisa H. Birnbaum Thomas E. Read James S. Spitz Herand Abcarian | 2002 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum2002，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Management of recurrent rectal prolapse显示文摘 | Scott A. Fengler M.D. Russell K. Pearl M.D. M. Leela Prasad M.D. Charles P. Orsay M.D. Jose R. Cintron M.D. Ernestine Hambrick M.D. Herand Abcarian M.D | 1997 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1997，，7： | 1 |
| 11 | Indium 111-labeled granulocyte scan in the diagnosis and management of acute inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Richard L. Nelson M.D. Kodanallur Subramanian M.D. Arunas Gasparaitis M.D. Herand Abcarian M.D. Dan G. Pavel M.D | 1990 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1990，，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Exports and the Structure of Immigrant-Based Networks:The Role of Geographic Proximity 显示文摘 | MARK G HERANDER LUZ A SAAVEDRA | 2005 | The Review of Economics and Statistics2005，87，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Anorectal Infection: Abscess-Fistula显示文摘 | Herand Abcarian | 2011 | Clinics in Colon and Rectal Surgery2011，，01： | 1 |
| 14 | Apoptosis in normal and osteoarthric human articular cartilage显示文摘 | Heran F Herand A Harmand MF | 2000 | Ann Rheum Dis2000，59，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Perianal abscesses and fistulas显示文摘 | Paravasthu S. Ramanujam M.D. M. Leela Prasad M.D. Dr. Herand Abcarian M.D. Ana B. Tan R.N. E.T | 1984 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1984，，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Apoptosis in normal and os- teoarthritic human articular cartilage显示文摘 | Heraud F Herand A Harmand MF | 2000 | Ann Rheum Dis2000，59，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Apoptosis in normal and ostec-arthric human articular cartilage显示文摘 | Heran F Herand A Harmand MF | 2000 | Ann Rheum Dis2000，59，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract: Early Results of a Pilot Study显示文摘 | Ariane M. Abcarian Joaquin J. Estrada John Park Cybil Corning Vivek Chaudhry Jose Cintron Leela Prasad Herand Abcarian | 2012 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum2012，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Anorectal InfectionClinics in Colon and Rectal显示文摘 | Herand Abcarian | 2011 | Surgery2011，24，1： | 1 |
| 20 | An empirical test of the impact of the threat of US trade policy : the case of antidumping duties显示文摘 | Herander M M | 1984 | Southern Economic Journal1984，51，1： | 1 |
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