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| 1 | The definition of effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of remote sensing pixels显示文摘Remote sensing (RS) of land surface temperature (LST) is a very challenging problem at the present development stage of RS science. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to atmosphere correction and temperature emissivity separation (TES) of new LST product algorithms. However, the mechanism of directionality of thermal emission from land surface remains unknown, and even worse, there are confusions on the definition of the effective emissivity of land surface at the scale of RS pixels. The mechanism of directionality of thermal emission | LI Xiaowen and WANG Jindi Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, Beijing Normal Unirersity, Keying 100875, China Center for Remote Sensing, Boston Univ. , MA02215, USA | 1999 | Chinese Science Bulletin1999，44，23： | 14 |
| 2 | Revealing of major factors in the directional thermal radiation of ground objects——A new way for improving the precision of directional radiant temperature measuring and data analysis显示文摘This paper is devoted to eliminating the noise from the measuring of directional thermal radiation for ground objects. Specifically, we think that the noise is mainly due to the variance of components in the field of view of the sensor with the view angle changing and to the heat balance change on the ground during the period of measurement. The authors present two new observation methods named as 'constant area method by thermal camera' and 'concurrent method by dual sensors' respectively. The experiments show that the data obtained by these methods abide by some regularly directional distribution, which is totally different from the data from the former methods. The analysis of the major factors in the directionality of thermal radiation is also made in the paper. | 张仁华 孙晓敏 李召良 苏红波 唐新斋 M.P.Stoll | 2000 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2000，43，S1： | 8 |
| 3 | Matrix expression of thermal radiative characteristics for an open complex显示文摘The directionality of thermal radiance of a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane surface is totally decided by its directional emissivity, which depends on the complex dielectric constant and roughness of surface. It can be expressed by This paper proves that it is necessary to express emissivity by a matrix when a target becomes an inhomogeneous non-isothermal open complex with complicated inner geometric structure. The matrix describes the inner radiative interaction among components accurately and also expresses its thermal radiative directionality and structural characteristics completely. Advantages of matrix expression are as follows: first, the physical mechanics of effective emissivity of an open complex is described in a simple and perfect way; second, it becomes easy to understand the principle and method to retrieve components temperature from multi-angle thermal remotely sensed data; and third, the differences of directionalities between an open complex and a homogeneous isothermal non-black plane body are expressed by just using an effective emissivity matrix instead of an emissivity vector. Formula in classic physics is only the special case of matrix expression; therefore, the matrix is a universal unconditional expression to describe the directionality of thermal radiance. | 徐希孺 范闻捷 陈艮富 | 2002 | Science China Earth Sciences2002，45，7： | 6 |
| 4 | Study on the law of radiant directionality of row crops显示文摘The style of crops planting is frequently in row-structure, the row-structure style may result in big difference among the sunlit, shaded soil surface and foliage temperatures and cause pixel component to vary in azimuth orientation, these further lead to the change of radiant directionality of row crops in the zenith and azimuth orientations. Since the row crops are often tackled as isotropic in the azimuth orientation based on continuous vegetation assumption, big errors will be brought about. In order to eliminate the errors, it is necessary to study the law of radiant directionality of the row crops. In this paper, Monte Carlo method has been employed to simulate the angular effects on radiation caused by row architecture parameters. The simulated results show that the parameters, for example, row height, row width, row interval between the neighbor rows and the leaf area index have significant influences on the radiant directionality, but the azimuth orientation ranks the first among the | 陈良富 庄家礼 柳钦火 徐希孺 田国良 | 2000 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2000，43，S1： | 3 |
| 5 | Study on thermal infrared emission directionality over crop canopies with TIR camera imagery显示文摘In order to investigate directionality of thermal infrared emission from crop canopies, a wide-angle thermal video camera (INFRAMETRICS) equipped with an 80?FOV lens was mounted on a small aircraft and used to acquire thermal imagery along several different flight traces. Accordingly, multi-angle directional brightness temperatures were acquired at different view angles for individual pixel. The flight experiment was carried out from January 1997 to October 1997 over a 5 kmx5 km flat agricultural area, located near Avignon, southeastern France.This paper presents results from analyses performed using these data including instrument calibration, radiometric correction, atmospheric correction, temperature temporal adjustment, geometric matching and registration of images. Results are presented for different thermal infrared emission patterns of different surface types including bare soil, wheat, maize and sunflower at different growth stages. | 柳钦火 顾行法 李小文 田国良 余涛 F.Jacob J.F.Hanocq M.Friedl A.H.Strahler | 2000 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2000，43，S1： | 3 |
| 6 | Role of neurotrophic factors in enhancing linear axonal growth of ganglionic sensory neurons in vitro显示文摘Neurotrophins play a major role in the regulation of neuronal growth such as neurite sprouting or regeneration in response to nerve injuries. The role of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in maintaining the survival of peripheral neurons remains poorly understood. In regenerative medicine, different modalities have been investigated for the delivery of growth factors to the injured neurons, in search of a suitable system for clinical applications. This study was to investigate the influence of nerve growth factor, neurotrophin-3 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor on the growth of neurites using two in vitro models of dorsal root ganglia explants and dorsal root ganglia-derived primary cell dissociated cultures. Quantitative data showed that the total neurite length and tortuosity were differently influenced by trophic factors. Nerve growth factor and, indirectly, brain-derived neurotrophic factor stimulate the tortuous growth of sensory fibers and the formation of cell clusters. Neurotrophin-3, however, enhances neurite growth in terms of length and linearity allowing for a more organized and directed axonal elongation towards a peripheral target compared to the other growth factors. These findings could be of considerable importance for any clinical application of neurotrophic factors in peripheral nerve regeneration. Ethical approval was obtained from the Regione Piemonte Animal Ethics Committee ASLTO1(file # 864/2016-PR) on September 14, 2016. | Michele Fornaro Alessia Giovannelli Angelica Foggetti Luisa Muratori Stefano Geuna Giorgia Novajra Isabelle Perroteau | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，9： | 3 |
| 7 | Influence of earthquake direction on the seismic response of irregular plan RC frame buildings显示文摘The nonlinear response of structures is usually evaluated by considering two accelerograms acting simultaneously along the orthogonal directions. In this study, the infl uence of the earthquake direction on the seismic response of building structures is examined. Three multi-story RC buildings, representing a very common structural typology in Italy, are used as case studies for the evaluation. They are, respectively, a rectangular plan shape, an L plan shape and a rectangular plan shape with courtyard buildings. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are performed by considering different seismic levels, characterized by peak ground acceleration on stiff soil equal to 0.35 g, 0.25 g and 0.15 g. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are carried out by considering twelve different earthquake directions, and rotating the direction of both the orthogonal components by 30° for each analysis(from 0° to 330°). The survey is carried out on the L plan shape structure. The results show that the angle of the seismic input motion signifi cantly infl uences the response of RC structures; the critical seismic angle, i.e., the incidence angle that produces the maximum demand, provides an increase of up to 37% in terms of both roof displacements and plastic hinge rotations. | Magliulo G Maddaloni G Petrone C | 2014 | Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration2014，13，2： | 3 |
| 8 | The Effects of Bio-inspired Electromagnetic Fields on Normal and Cancer Cells显示文摘The electromagnetic field(EMF)is one of many environmental factors,which earth creatures are exposed to.There are many reports on the effects of EMF on living organisms.However,since the mechanism has not yet been fiilly understood,the biological effects of EMF are still controversial.In order to explore the effects of bio-inspired EMF(BIEMF)on normal and cancer cells,various cultured cells have been exposed to BIEMF of different directions,i.e.vertical,parallel and inclined.Significantly reduced ATP production in Hela and A549 cancer cells is found for the parallel and vertical BIEMF.More careful examination on Hela cells has revealed a cell density dependent inhibition on colony formation.The morphological observation of BIEMF-exposed Hela cells has suggested that the retarded cell proli feration is probably caused by cell death via apoptosis.Together these results may afford new insights for cancer prevention and treatment. | Xuelei Liu Zongming Liu Zhenning Liu Shujun Zhang Kamal Bechkoum Michael Clark Luquan Ren | 2019 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2019，16，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Study on fracture characteristics in coal and shale for coal-measure gas reservoir based on 3D CT reconstruction and fractal features显示文摘Pores and fractures are important components of flow channels in coal-measure gas reservoirs.While considerable studies have been conducted on pore structure evolution,very few studies have investigated the fracture distribution and self-similarity characteristics.To reveal the characteristics of fracture distribution in coal and shale reservoirs,computed tomography studies were performed on 15 coal and shale samples from the Shanxi and Taiyuan formations.The results show that the fracture distribution of samples of the same lithology differs significantly,and the fracture distribution heterogeneity of shale samples is much higher than that of coal samples.In shale,the heterogeneity of fracture distribution is mainly caused by pores and fractures smaller than 2μm in the z-direction,with relatively little contributions from pores and fractures in the x and y directions.However,the heterogeneity of fracture distribution in coal is mainly controlled by pores and fractures larger than 2μm in all directions,and the difference between the three directions is minor.It was shown that a great number of microscopic pores and fractures contribute to the highest fractions of porosity in different lithological samples.This method is useful for determining the fracture distribution characteristics in shale and coal-measure gas reservoir. | Huijun WANG Shangbin CHEN Shaojie ZHANG Chengxing ZHANG Yang WANG Gaofeng YI Yixuan PENG | 2023 | Frontiers of Earth Science2023，17，2： | 0 |
| 10 | Characteristics of electromagnetic vector field generated from rock fracturing显示文摘Rock fracturing is often accompanied by electromagnetic phenomenon.As a vector field,in addition to the intensity that is widely concerned,the generated electromagnetic field also has obvious direction-ality.To this end,a set of electromagnetic antennas capable of simultaneous three-axis measurement is used to monitor the electromagnetic vector field generated from rock fracturing based on Brazilian tests.The signal amplitude on each axis can represent the magnitude of actual magnetic flux density component on the three axes.The intensity and directional characteristics of electromagnetic signals received at different positions are studied using vector synthesis.The directionality of electromagnetic radiation measured using a three-axis electromagnetic antenna shows that the direction of the magnetic flux intensity generated by rock fracturing tends to be parallel to the crack surface,and the measured signal intensity is greater in a direction closer to the crack surface. | Menghan Wei Dazhao Song Xueqiu He Quan Lou Liming Qiu Zhenlei Li | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，2： | 0 |
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