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| 1 | Mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in the critically ill: Implications for treatment显示文摘Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients. Although nutritional support is yet to be proven to improve mortality in non-malnourished critically ill patients, early enteral feeding is considered best practice. However, enteral feeding is often limited by delayed gastric emptying. The best method to clinically identify delayed gastric emptying and feed intolerance is unclear. Gastric residual volume (GRV) measured at the bedside is widely used as a surrogate marker for gastric emptying, but the value of GRV measurement has recently been disputed. While the mechanisms underlying delayed gastric emptying require further investigation, recent research has given a better appreciation of the pathophysiology. A number of pharmacological strategies are available to improve the success of feeding. Recent data suggest a combination of intravenous metoclopramide and erythromycin to be the most successful treatment, but novel drug therapies should be explored. Simpler methods to access the duodenum and more distal small bowel for feed delivery are also under investigation. This review summarises current understanding of the factors responsible for, and mechanisms underlying feed intolerance in critical illness, together with the evidence for current practices. Areas requiring further research are also highlighted. | Adam Deane Marianne J Chapman Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Carly Burgstad Nam Q Nguyen | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 18 |
| 2 | Proximal gastric response to small intestinal nutrients is abnormal in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients显示文摘瞄准:在非常有病的病人决定近似的胃的反应到小肠的营养素。方法:近似胃的活动性在 13 个非常有病的病人被测量(49.3 +/- 4.7 年) 并且 12 个健康志愿者(27.7 +/- 2.9 年) 用一种 barostat 技术。记录在基线被执行,在 60-min 期间 intra 十二指肠的注入保证(2 kcal/min ) ,并且为跟随注入的 2 h。最小的扩张压力(MDP ) , intra 袋子体积和底的波浪活动是坚定的。结果:MDP 在病人是更高的(11.7 +/- 1.1 对 7.8 +/- 0.7 毫米汞柱;P <
0.01 ) 。基线 intra 袋子体积在 2 个组是类似的。在健康题目,一“双性人形式”近似胃的体积反应被观察。在病人,近似胃的体积的起始的增加小、推迟,但是最后到达了类似于健康题目的最大的体积。在健康题目,近似胃的体积很快在滋养的注入以后回到了基线水平(中部 18 min ) 。相反,到基线的体积的恢复在非常有病的病人被推迟(中部 106 min ) 。在 6 个病人,体积没在滋养的注入以后回到基线水平 2 小时。在病人,底的体积波浪是不太经常的(P <
0.05 ) 并且有的更低的振幅(P <
0.001 ) ,与健康题目相比。结论:在重病,对小肠的滋养的刺激的近似胃的马达回答是反常的。 | Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Marianne Chapman Laura K Bryant Richard H Holloway Rosalie Vozzo Christine Feinle-Bisset | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，27： | 3 |
| 3 | Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘AIM: To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with long- standing type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: Proximal gastric motility was assessed (using a barostat) in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (59 ± 3 years) during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure? (1 and 2 kcal/min), in random order, separated by 2 h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients (48 ± 5 years) and 10 healthy volunteers (28 ± 3 years). RESULTS: Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during 1 kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients (P < 0.05) but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION: In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than non- diabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying. | Nam Q Nguyen Robert J Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne Chapman Richard H Holloway | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，2： | 3 |
| 4 | CenozoicPlate Tectonic Reconstructions of SE Asia 显示文摘 | Robert H Fraser A J Matthews S J | 1997 | Petroleum Geology of Southeast Asia1997，126，： | 1 |
| 5 | Satellite measurements of aerosol mass and transport显示文摘 | Robert S Fraser Y J Kaufman R L Mahoney | 1984 | Atmospheric Enviroment1984，18，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Light distribution inside mandarin fruit during internal quality assessment by NIR spectroscopy显示文摘 | Fraser D G Robert B J Rainer K | 2003 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2003，27，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Satellite measurements of large-scale air pollution:Measurements of forest fire smoke显示文摘 | Richard A Ferrare Robert S Fraser Y J Kaufman | 1990 | J Geophys Res1990，95，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Light distribution inside mandarin fruit during internal quality assessment by NIR spectroscopy 显示文摘 | FRASER D G ROBERT B J RAINER K | 2003 | Postharest Biology and Technology2003，27，： | 1 |
| 9 | The origin and fate of herniated lumbar interverte-bral disc tissue显示文摘 | MOORE R J VERNON ROBERTS B FRASER R D | 1996 | Spine1996，21，18： | 1 |
| 10 | Subtypes of functional dyspepsia显示文摘机能性消化不良是通常与许多联系胃肠的症状和正常内视镜检查法联系的长期或周期性的上面的腹的疼痛或不快描述的一个普通临床的条件。到使合于标准基于研究的途径,一个起始的分类进潜水艇,组们被同意,基于症状的簇。然而,这些亚群将与对特定的治疗顺从的不同 pathophysiologies 被联系的早期望没被认识到。一个分类基于最麻烦的症状被建议了,但是这的用途也是不清楚的。更最近的数据建议一些 pathophysiologic 机能障碍可以与特定的症状被联系那么为组织病人提供一个更好的工具。但是因为进致病的当前的卓见仍然太有限,这不能令人满意,这条途径仍然保持不完全。在结论,没有分类提供一条足够的基于处理的途径到机能性消化不良的症候群。作为后果治疗仍然保持大部分实验。 | Georgina Baker Robert J Fraser Graeme Young | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，17： | 1 |
| 11 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Hauser Adam J Williams Robert E A Ricciardo Rebecca A Arda Genc Manisha Dixit Lucy Jeremy M Woodward Patrick M Fraser Hamish L Yang F Y | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Distal small bowel motility and lipid absorption in patients following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery显示文摘瞄准:在跟随选任的腹的主动脉瘤(AAA ) 修理外科的病人调查远侧的小肠活动性和类脂化合物吸收。方法:九个病人(年老的 35-78 年;身体团索引(BMI ) 范围:23-36 kg/m (2 )) 为 AAA 修理,和七个健康控制题目外科以后(20-50 年;BMI 变化:21-29 kg/m (2 )) 被学习。连续的远侧的小肠测压法为多达 72 h 被执行,在 fasting 并且肠内的的喂(Nutrison ) 的时期期间。记录为频率,起源,一些移植,和小肠的爆炸活动的方向被分析。类脂化合物吸收在病人的一个子集在第一天和第三个天柱子手术被估计用(13 ) C-triolein-breath 测试,并且与健康控制相比。题目收到了 50 mL 液体的 20-min 十二指肠内注入喂与 200 混合了 microL (13 ) C-triolein。结束吐气的呼吸样品为 6 h 被收集并且分析了为(13 ) 公司(2 ) 集中。结果:在近似、远侧的小肠的爆炸活动的频率比在健康题目在病人是更高的,在 fasting 和美联储条件(P<0.005 ) 下面。在病人,有反常地宣传的爆炸的一个更高的比例(71% 反常) ,它开始由 d 使正常化 3 (25% 反常) 外科以后。类脂化合物吸收数据为 d 上的七个病人是可得到的 d 上的 1 和四个病人 3 帖子外科。在病人, d 上的吸收 1 外科以后是健康控制的使遭到的一半(AUC (13 ) 公司(2 ) 1323+/-244 对 2646+/-365;P<0.05,分别地) ,并且被归结为五分之一个由 d 的健康控制的 3 (AUC (13 ) 公司(2 ) 470+/-832 对 2646+/-365;P<0.05,分别地) 。结论:近似、远侧的小肠的马达活动短暂地在主要外科以后立即在非常有病的病人被破坏,与远及回肠延长的反常活动性模式。这些马达骚乱可以贡献肠内的营养的损害吸收,特别当管腔内处理为有效消化是必要的时。 | Robert J Fraser Marc Ritz Addolorata C Di Matteo Rosalie Vozzo Monika Kwiatek Robert Foreman Brendan Stanley Jack Walsh Jim Burnett Paul Jury John Dent | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Sequence and analysis ofchromosome 3 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana显示文摘 | Salanoubat M Lemcke K Rieger M Ansorge W Unseld M Fartmann B Vaile G Blocker H Pcrez-Alonso M Obennaier B Delseny M Boutry M Grivell L A Mache R Puigdomenech P De Simone V Choisne N Artiguenave F Robert C Brottier P Wincker P Cattolico L Weissenbach J Saurin W Quetier F Schafer M Mu||er-Auer S Gabel C Fuchs M Benes V Wurmbach E Drzonek H Erfle H Jordan N Bangert S Wiedelmann R Kranz H Voss H Holland R Brandt P Nyakatura G Vezzi A D' Angelo M Pallavicini A Toppo S Simionati B Conrad A Homischer K Kauer G Lohnert T H Nordsiek G Reichelt J Scharfe M Schon O Bargues M Terol J Climent J Navarro P CoUado C Perez-Perez A Ottenwalder B Duchemin D Cooke R Laudie M Berger-Llauro C Pumelle B Masuy D de Haan M Maarse A C Alcaraz J P Cottet A Casacuberta E Monfort A Argiriou A Flores M Liguori R Vitale D Mannhaupt G Haase D Schoof H Rudd S Zaccaria P Mewes H W Mayer K F Kaul S Town C D Koo H L Tailon L J Jenkins J Rooney T Rizzo M Waits A Utterback T Fujii C Y Shea T P Creasy T H Haas B Maiti R Wu D Peterson J Van Aken S Pal G Militscher J Sellers P Gill J E Feldblyum T V Preuss D Lin X Nierman W C Salzberg S L White O Venter J C Fraser C M Kaneko T Nakamura Y Sato S Kato T Asamizu E Sasamoto S Kimura T Idesawa K Kawashiraa K Kishida Y Kiyokawa C Kohara M Matsumoto kl Matsuno A Muraki A Nakayama S Nakazaki N Shinpo S Takeuchi C Wada T Watanabe A Yamada M Yasuda M Tabata S | 2000 | Nature2000，408，6814： | 1 |
| 14 | Light distribution inside mandarin fruit during internal quality assessment by NIR spectroscopy显示文摘 | Fraser D G Robert B J Rainer K | 2003 | Postharest Biology and Technology2003，27，： | 1 |
| 15 | Light distribution inside mandarin fruit during internal quality assessment by NIR spectroscopy显示文摘 | Fraser D G Robert B J Rainer K | 2003 | Postharest Biology and Technology2003，27，： | 1 |
| 16 | Impact of bolus volume on small intestinal intra-luminal impedance in healthy subjects显示文摘AIM: To assess the impact of bolus volume on the characteristics of small intestinal (SI) impedance signals.METHODS: Concurrent SI manometry-impedance measurements were performed on 12 healthy volunteers to assess the pattern of proximal jejunal fluid bolus movement over a 14 cm-segment.Each subject was given 34 boluses of normal saline (volume from 1 to 30 mL) via the feeding tube placed immediately above the proximal margin of the studied segment.A bolus-induced impedance event occurred if there was > 12% impedance drop from baseline,over ≥ 3 consecutive segments within 10 s of bolus injection.A minor or major imped-ance event was defined as a duration of impedance drop < 60 s or ≥ 60 s,respectively.RESULTS: The minimum volume required for a detectable SI impedance event was 2 mL.A direct linear relationship between the SI bolus volume and the occurrence of impedance events was noted until SI bolus volume reached 10 mL,a volume which always produced an impedance flow event.There was a moderate correlation between the bolus volume and the duration of impedance drop (r = 0.63,P < 0.0001) and the number of propagated channels (r = 0.50,P < 0.0001).High volume boluses were associated with more major impedance events (≥ 10 mL boluses = 63%,3 mL boluses = 17%,and < 3 mL boluses = 0%,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION: Bolus volume had an impact on the type and length of propagation of SI impedance events and a threshold of 2 mL is required to produce an event. | Nam Q Nguyen Laura K Bryant Carly M Burgstad Robert J Fraser Daniel Sifrim Richard H Holloway | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，17： | 0 |
| 17 | Modulation of individual components of gastric motor response to duodenal glucose显示文摘AIM:To evaluate individual components of the antro-pyloro-duodenal(APD)motor response to graded small intestinal glucose infusions in healthy humans.METHODS:APD manometry was performed in 15healthy subjects(12 male;40±5 years,body mass index 26.5±1.6 kg/m2)during four 20-min intraduodenal infusions of glucose at 0,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 kcal/min,in a randomised double-blinded fashion.Glucose solutions were infused at a rate of 1 mL/min and separated by 40-min'wash-out'period.Data are mean±SE.Inferential analyses are repeated measure analysis of variance with Bonferroni post-hoc testing.RESULTS:At 0 kcal/min frequency of pressure waves were:antrum(7.5±1.8 waves/20 min)and isolated pyloric pressure waves(IPPWs)(8.0±2.3 waves/20min)with pyloric tone(0.0±0.9 mmHg).Intraduodenal glucose infusion acutely increased IPPW frequency(P<0.001)and pyloric tone(P=0.015),and decreased antral wave frequency(P=0.007)in a dosedependent fashion.A threshold for stimulation was observed at 1.0 kcal/min for pyloric phasic pressure waves(P=0.002)and 1.5 kcal/min for pyloric tone and antral contractility.CONCLUSION:There is hierarchy for the activation of gastrointestinal motor responses to duodenal glucose infusion.An increase in IPPWs is the first response observed. | Adam M Deane Laura K Besanko Carly M Burgstad Marianne J Chapman Michael Horowitz Robert JL Fraser | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 0 |
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