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| 1 | Quantitative analysis on the dynamic characteristics of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring, China显示文摘The Crescent Moon Spring is a precious natural heritage. However, the dynamic characteristics of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring are not well known. This paper quantitatively studied the character- istics and changes of megadunes around the Crescent Moon Spring by interpreting aerial photographs taken in 1985 and 2004 and analysing the dune crestlines and the wind data collected from 2011 to 2012. Results revealed that pyramid dunes were formed by a complex wind regime. The Crescent Moon Spring was not buried by shifting sands because of the stable wind regime and relative stability of pyramid dunes. The crestlines of the dunes around the spring moved northward between 1985 and 2004. The south-facing slip faces were also exposed to wind ero- sion, whereas the other faces were under deposition, thus indicating that the southerly wind was relatively en- hanced. Limiting the scale of tall windbreaks and architectures in the Dunhuang oasis at the north of the spring was necessary to maintain the dynamic equilibrium of the wind regime and sand transport. | YingJun PANG JianJun QU KeCun ZHANG ZhiShan AN QingHe NIU | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of the effect of different city designs on the wind environment of a downwind natural heritage site显示文摘Disturbance in wind regime and sand erosion deposition balance may lead to burial and eventual vanishing of a site.This study conducted 3D computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations to evaluate the effect of a proposed city design on the wind environment of the Crescent Spring,a downwind natural heritage site located in Dunhuang,Northwestern China.Satellite terrain data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER)Digital Elevation Model(DEM)were used to construct the solid surface model.Steady-state Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations(RANS)with shear stress transport(SST)k-ωturbulence model were then applied to solve the flow field problems.Land-use changes were modeled implicitly by dividing the underlying surface into different areas and by applying corresponding aerodynamic roughness lengths.Simulations were performed by using cases with different city areas and building heights.Results show that the selected model could capture the surface roughness changes and could adjust wind profile over a large area.Wind profiles varied over the greenfield to the north and over the Gobi land to the east of the spring.Therefore,different wind speed reduction effects were observed from various city construction scenarios.The current city design would lead to about 2 m/s of wind speed reduction at the downwind city edge and about 1 m/s of wind speed reduction at the north of the spring at 35-m height.Reducing the city height in the north greenfield area could efficiently eliminate the negative effects of wind spee.By contrast,restricting the city area worked better in the eastern Gobi area compared with other parts of the study area.Wind speed reduction in areas near the spring could be limited to 0.1 m/s by combining these two abatement strategies.The CFD method could be applied to simulate the wind environment affected by other land-use changes over a large terrain. | BenLi LIU JianJun QU QingHe NIU JunZhan WANG KeCun ZHANG | 2014 | Journal of Arid Land2014，6，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Feathered sand ridges in the Kumtagh Desert and their position in the classification system显示文摘Feathered sand ridges in the northeastern Kumtagh Desert in China cover an area of 4016 km 2 and consist of crescent sand ridges and interridge tongue-shaped dunes.Differences in grain size,mineral composition and albedo between crescent sand ridges and tongue-shaped dunes,and between windward and leeward slopes of tongue-shaped dunes,result in their feathery appearance in aerial and satellite imagery.Measurements of the sand drift potential in the region show that the sand-moving wind for feathered sand ridges can be divided into three sectors;i.e.north-northeasterly,easterly and east-northeasterly sectors roughly corresponding to the southeast,northwest and southwest slip faces.Our findings suggests that the crescent sand ridges resulting from the connection of barchan dunes along the prevailing wind direction are longitudinal dune ridges rather than transverse ones.Tongue-shaped dunes and quasi-dune shapes have obvious distinctions and are new transverse dune types.According to McKee's dune shape classification,the feathered sand ridges are not a deformation dune type but a complex one.According to Wu's dune morphological and genetic classification,they are not dune ridges or compound dune ridges that form under the action of unidirectional winds or two winds intersecting at an acute angle,but are complex dune ridges that form under the action of three winds intersecting at an acute angle. | QU JianJun LIAO KongTai DONG GuangRong NIU QingHe JING ZheFan HAN QinJie | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Thermodynamic Effects on Particle Movement:Wind Tunnel Simulation Results显示文摘Sand/dust storms are some of the main hazards in arid and semi-arid zones. These storms also influence global environmental changes. By field observations, empirical statistics, and numerical simulations, pioneer researchers on these natural events have concluded the existence of a positive relationship between thermodynamic effects and sand/dust storms. Thermodynamic effects induce an unsteady stratified atmosphere to influence the process of these storms. However, studies on the relationship of thermodynamic effects with particles (i.e., sand and dust) are limited. In this article, wind tunnel with heating was used to simulate the quantitative relationship between thermodynamic effects and particle movement on different surfaces. Compared with the cold state, the threshold wind velocity of particles is found to be significantly decrease under the hot state. The largest decrease percentage exceedes 9% on fine and coarse sand surfaces. The wind velocity also has a three-power function in the sand transport rate under the hot state with increased sand transport. Thermodynamic effects are stronger on loose surfaces and fine particles, but weaker on compacted surfaces and coarse particles. | NIU Qinghe QU Jianjun ZHANG Kecun LIU Xianwan | 2012 | Chinese Geographical Science2012，22，2： | 2 |
| 5 | The screening of culture condition and properties of xylanase by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus显示文摘 | CAI Qinghe YUE Xiaoyu NIU Tiangui | 2004 | Process Biochem2004，39，11： | 1 |
| 6 | Morphological variation of star dune and implications for dune management: a case study at the Crescent Moon Spring scenic spot of Dunhuang, China显示文摘Aerial photographs and 3-D laser scans of a 90-m high star dune at the Crescent Moon Spring scenic spot in Dunhuang,China,are used to investigate the changes in dune morphology on timescales from months to decades.The result revealed that relative-equilibrium airflow strength in three wind directions of northeast,west and south was an important condition for the stability of star dunes with limited migration.Transverse and longitudinal airflows exerted a crucial impact on variation processes of star dune morphology.Controlled by transverse airflows,the easterly winds,the east side was dominated by wind erosion;and strong deposition occurred on the south-south-east arm with a maximum deposition rate of 0.44 m/a in the 46-a monitoring period,causing the east side becoming steep and high.Controlled by longitudinal airflows,the westerly winds,the west-north-west side was mainly eroded and the north arm migrated from west to east with a rate of 0.30 m/a,causing the dune slope becoming gentle and elongate.The local air circulation(southerly winds)exerted a significant impact on the development process of the star dune.Due to the influence of human activities,the south side present surface processes from a concave profile to a convex profile in 46 a,which is a potential threat to the Crescent Moon Spring.The results indicate that rehabilitating the airflow field at most is a crucial strategy to the protection of Crescent Moon Spring from burial.Opening up the passage of easterly,westerly and southerly winds through intermediately cutting the protection forest,demolishing the enclosed wall and changing the pavilion into a porous pattern have been suggested to protect the Crescent Moon Spring from burial. | ZHANG Weimin TAN Lihai AN Zhishan ZHANG Kecun GAO Yang NIU Qinghe | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，3： | 1 |
| 7 | The screening of culture condition and properties of xylanase by white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus显示文摘 | Cai Qinghe Yue Xiaoyu Niu Tiangui | 2004 | Process Biochemistry2004，39，： | 1 |
| 8 | Dynamic changes of a typical linear dune in the Tengger Desert显示文摘The dynamical processes of a typical linear dune including morphological features, dune ridge swing range and crest height were investigated at different monitoring periods in the hinterland of Tengger Desert. The results indicated that the development of linear dune depends on not only the northwesterly prevailing wind, but also the winds from northeast and southwest. The dune ridge swayed along its fundamental strike and took on an eastward movement gradually. The original dune strike was NW70° on August 3, 1994, and then changed to NE15° on April 21, 2001. The dune crest increased by 1.8 m longitudinally, which manifested strong wind-blown sand activities in this region. Wind erosion frequently occured at the bottom of sand dune, while sand accumulation appeared on its mid-upper section. The mean wind erosion depth was 25 cm on the bottom of linear dune and the height difference of the control points on the dune's ridge was 1.13 m. Although the linear dune swayed laterally, the horizontal displacement of its ridge moved eastward 5.8 m averagely. The swing range of the dune crest line is very distinct, with a maximum value of 13.2 m. The highest site on the K-profile swayed on both sides of the dune ridge and the heights were 19.88 m at the control point K5, 19.61 m at K6 and 19.05 m at K7, respectively. The results indicated that the lateral swing of the linear dune was distinct under the northwesterly wind and it moved toward east gradually. | Zhang, KeCun Kai, KenJi Qu, JianJun Ling, YuQuan Niu, QingHe | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，4： | 1 |
| 9 | Characteristics of sand damages and dynamic environment along the Tuotuohe section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway显示文摘Sand damages along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway occur frequently and have spread rapidly since it was completely opened to traffic in 2006.The goal of this study was to understand the effects of sand damages on the railway via meteorological data and in situ observation of wind-blown sand.We selected the Tuotuohe section of this railway as a typical research object,and we systematically investigated its characteristics of sand damages,drift potential,sand-driving wind rose,and their time variation.The direction of sand-drifting wind clearly varies with the season.In winter,the predominant wind blows from the west and lasts for three months,while in summer the frequency of northeasterly wind begins to increase and multi-directional winds also occurs in July.The drift potential in this area is 705.81 VU,which makes this a high-energy wind environment according to Fryberger's definition.The directional variability (RDP/DP) is 0.84 and the resultant drift potential is 590.42 VU with a resultant direction of 89.1°. | KeCun Zhang QingHe Niu JianJun Qu ZhengYi Yao QingJie Han | 2011 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2011，3，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Sand control effect of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure显示文摘Straw checkerboard sand barriers with a porous structure that consists of a pervious upper portion and a dense lower portion are widely used to achieve great sand control effect.Considering this,and resolving the serious earth surface undercutting problem after HDPE sandbreak net checkboard barriers setting,the authors used HDPE(high-density polyethylene)materials to prepare new sandbreak materials with a similar porous structure.Through wind tunnel simulations and field sand control monitoring,we compared the sand control effect of three HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure.Compared to the sandbreak net with uniform porosity structure,the three types of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure had poorer effect on reducing sand transport rates,but had longer effective protection distance before sandbreak nets at low wind velocity conditions(<12 m/s),longer effective protection distance at high wind velocity(>14 m/s)and longer effective protection distance between sandbreak nets at all experimental wind velocity conditions.Wind and sand control effect characteristics of HDPE sandbreak nets with different porosity structure provide an ideal material on semiburied checkerboard sand barriers for sand stabilization.By contrast,uniform-type sandbreak nets are used as materials on high upright sand fences for sand blocking.These HDPE sandbreak nets can be used to replace traditional sandbreak materials and have a very high potential for widespread and popular application in aeolian sand disaster control. | QingHe Niu JianJun Qu AiGuo Zhao LiHai Tan | 2022 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2022，14，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Development of Novel Resid Hydrometallization Catalyst RDM-3显示文摘基于残油 hydrodemetallization 的反应机制,一个新催化剂搬运人被设计并且准备。作为与催化剂搬运人的类似的类型相比,说的新搬运人展示了更高的毛孔卷,一条更大的毛孔直径和更弱的表面酸味,它能改进散开性能和催化剂的稳定的反应性能。活跃金属部件被一种新技术为更好的金属分散在说的搬运人上装载,这样新催化剂的杂质移动率, RDM-3,显著地被改进。RDM-3 催化剂的商业测试证明催化剂准备的过程是稳定的,催化剂表演比因此,在实验室准备的催化剂稍微好催化剂能在商业规模被生产。 | Hu Dawei Niu Chuanfeng Yang Qinghe Liu Tao | 2007 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2007，9，4： | 0 |
| 12 | Mechanisms of the formation of wind-blown sand hazards and the sand control measures in Gobi areas under extremely strong winds along the Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway显示文摘The Lanzhou-Xinjiang high-speed railway(HSR)traverses areas of the Gobi Desert where extremely strong winds are frequent.These strong winds cause sand/gravel hazards,an unaddressed issue that often seriously compromises the safe operation of the HSR.This paper studies the mechanisms leading to wind-blown sand hazards and the outcomes of sand control projects in these areas.The main findings are as follows:(1)Cold northern airflows over the Tian Shan mountain range are accelerated by the wind tunnels and downslope effect as they pass over complex terrain comprising passes,gullies,and proluvial fans.Consequently,the wind intensity often increases two-to threefold,creating frequent high-speed winds that lead to severe sand damage along the HSR.(2)In the Gobi areas with extremely strong winds,sand grains can be lifted as high as 9 m from the ground into the air,far higher than in other areas of the desert.The sand transport rate decreases exponentially with increasing height.Both wind speed and particle size determine saltation height.Coarser particles and stronger winds provide the particles with a higher kinetic energy as they collide with the ground.In the wind zones of Baili and Yandun,the analysed study areas,the saltation layer height of wind-blown sand/gravel exceeds 3 and 2 m,respectively.(3)Based on the above findings,recently emerging sand control materials,suitable for the areas of interest,were screened and developed.Furthermore,under the proposed principle of‘supplementing blocking with trapping’,a comprehensive sand control measure was established,featuring sandblocking belts comprised of multiple rows,and high,vertical sand-trapping installations with a large grids size.The installed system showed a high efficacy,reducing sand transport rate by 87.87%and significantly decreasing the deposition of sand along a trial section of the HSR. | Jianjun QU Tao WANG Qinghe NIU Benli LIU Lihai TAN Qingjie HAN Yang GAO Jianhua XIAO | 2023 | Science China Earth Sciences2023，66，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Development and Commercial Application of Resid Hydrotreating Technology--RHT显示文摘The RHT technology is developed by Research Institute of Petroleum Processing (RIPP) for residuum hydrotreating in order to produce good quality RFCC feed. The advantages of the RHT series catalysts are presented in this article, based on the results of activity tests and a 9500 hours service life test in pilot plants and the assessment on a commercial application. | Dai Lishun Yang Qinghe Niu Chuanfeng Nie Hong Shi Yahua (Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083) | 2004 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2004，6，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Progress on research and mitigation of wind-blown sand risk in Dunhuang Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic area,China显示文摘The Singing Sand Mountain and Crescent Spring Scenic Spot in Dunhuang,Northwest China is a world-renowned desert attraction that is also an integral component of the Dunhuang UNESCO Global Geopark.This scenic area underwent a 30-year transformation,i.e.,from a severe sand risk with spring water threatened by sand burial due to dune deformation,to restoration of the original sand flow field and mitigation of the sand burial problem.The current paper summarizes the research on the intensive monitoring of the dynamic change of star dunes near the spring,observation of wind and sand flow movement,and then restoring the harmonic vibration of the sand particles(singing sand)that were previously silenced.The existing and prospective impacts of anthropogenic and natural forces on the deformation of the sand dunes are investigated by integrated methods,guiding the implementation of mitigating measures with significant ameliorative effects.Contrast to common sand control practices that aim to reduce wind speed and stop blown sands,our research highlights the importance of maintaining the natural wind flow field in stabilizing surrounding dunes.These mitigation measures consist of removing excessive vegetation and newly constructed buildings to recover the original wind flow field and sand transport activity.Such research and mitigation efforts ensure the scientific protection and restoration of the special desert landform,and contribute to the mutual enhancement of the conservation and exploitation of this desert scenic spot and similar sites. | BenLi Liu KeCun Zhang JianJun Qu HaiJiang Li QingHe Niu ZhiShan An YingJun Pang LiHai Tan GenSheng Yang | 2023 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2023，15，3： | 0 |
| 15 | R&D and Application of Catalyst for Resid Hydrotreating in Upflow Reactor显示文摘In order to extend the operating cycle of the upflow reactor for resid hydrotreating, the Re- search Institute of Petroleum Processing taking into account the specifics of resid hydrotreating upflow reactor has developed the high-performance RUF series of catalysts suitable for operation in the upflow reactor. The results of commercial application of catalysts revealed that this RUF series of catalysts loaded after optimized grading could effectively remove metals, sulfur and carbon residue from the re-siduum to provide improved oil for the following fixed-bed reactor. In the meantime, the RUF series of catalysts have excellent stability to reach an operating cycle of 1.5 years, resulting in minimization of losses caused by refinery downtime. | Niu Chuanfeng Hu Dawei Dai Lishun Yang Qinghe (Research Institute of Petroleum Processing, Beijing 100083) | 2008 | China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology2008，10，2： | 0 |
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