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| 1 | In vitro and in vivo application of RNA interference for targeting genes involved in peritrophic matrix synthesis in a lepidopteran system显示文摘大多数昆虫的 midgut 与一个半渗透的非细胞组成的试管被衬里, peritrophic 矩阵(下午) ,几丁质和蛋白质镇静。尽管各种各样的基因编码下午蛋白质被描绘了,我们他们在下午结构和功能的角色的理解是很有限的。为获得功能的信息的一条有希望的途径是 RNA 干扰,它被用来减少使用任何一个注射予幼虫以的双 stranded RNA 或喂的特定的 mRNAs 的层次。尽管这个方法很好在 dipterans 和甲虫类之昆虫被记录,它在 lepidopterans 的成功的报告被改变。在当前的学习,编码下午蛋白质的 silencing midgut 基因(昆虫肠的粘蛋白 1 ,昆虫肠的粘蛋白 4 ,下午蛋白质 1 )并且几丁质 biosynthetic 或修改的酶(几丁质 synthase-B 和几丁质 deacetylase 1 )在 noctuid 鳞翅类, Mamestra configurata ,在 vitro 并且在 vivo 被检验。在在主要 midgut 的 vitro 研究,上皮的房间准备揭示了尖锐、快速的 silencing (由 24 h ) 为编码几丁质 deacetylase 的基因 1 并且 silencing 的更慢的率(由 72 h ) 为编码下午蛋白质 1 的基因。肠的粘蛋白是的基因编码昆虫稍微由 72 h 的 silenced,而没有 silencing 为编码几丁质 synthase-B 的基因被检测。在 vivo,实验集中了于几丁质 deacetylase 1 基因是 silenced 到在 vitro 的最大的程度。与双 stranded RNA 的出生不满一月的婴儿和第四个中间形态幼虫的连续的喂导致了几丁质 deacetylase 的 silencing 1 由 24 和 36 h 分别地。喂单个剂量到出生不满一月的婴儿也由 24 h 导致了 silencing。当前的学习证明基因编码下午蛋白质能是为 RNA 干扰由的 silenced 和轮廓条件每在 lepidopterans 喂的 os。 | Umut Toprak Doug Baldwin Martin Erlandson Cedric Gillott Stephanie Harris Dwayne D. Hegedus | 2013 | Insect Science2013，20，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Identification of the Mamestra configurata (Lepidoptera Noctuidae) peritrophic matrix proteins and enzymes involved in peritrophic matrix chitin metabolism显示文摘peritrophic 矩阵(下午) 为昆虫是必要的它由食物粒子,病原体,和毒素保护 midgut 上皮免受损坏的伤害的消化系统生理学。下午也由于它的 per os 可接近性是为新害虫控制策略的开发的一个吸引人的目标。理解 PM 怎么执行这些函数, PM 的分子的体系结构用 genomic 被检验, proteomic 在 Mamestra configurata 来临(鳞翅目:Noctuidae ) ,饰有十字架的 oilseed 的一个主要害虫在北美洲收割。PM 的液体层析双人脚踏车团 spectrometry 分析识别了是分类的 82 蛋白质:(i) peritrophins,与一个 CBDIII 领域包括一个新班;(ii ) 酶在几丁质修正(几丁质 deacetylases ) 包含了,消化(丝氨酸朊酶, aminopeptidases, carboxypeptidases,脂肪分解酵素和 α-amylase ) 或另外的反应(β-1,3-glucanase,碱的磷酸酶, dsRNase,虾红素, pantetheinase ) ;(iii ) 没有已知的 orthologs,由 polycalin, REPAT, serpin, C 类型 lectin 和 Lsti99/Lsti201 和 3 新奇蛋白质组成的一个异质的组。编码下午蛋白质的基因在 midgut 主要被表示。cDNAs 编码几丁质 synthase-2 (McCHS-2 ) , chitinase (McCHI ) ,和 β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (McNAG ) 酶,在下午几丁质新陈代谢包含了,也被识别。McCHS-2 表示对显示它为在 PM,的几丁质合成负责的 midgut 特定在 midgut 的唯一的几丁质的材料。相反,编码 chitinolytic 酶的基因在多重纸巾被表示。McCHS-2, McCHI,和 McNAG 在喂幼虫的 midgut 被表示,并且唠叨活动在 PM 是在场的。这个信息被用来产生鳞翅类的下午建筑学的一个更新的模型。 | Umut Toprak Martin Erlandson Doug Baldwin Steve Karcz Lianglu Wan Cathy Coutu Cedric Gillott Dwayne D. Hegedus | 2016 | Insect Science2016，23，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Proteomics analysis of Trichoplusia ni midgut epithelial cell brush border membrane vesicles显示文摘The insect midgut epithelium is composed of columnar, goblet, and regenerative cells. Columnar epithelial cells are the most abundant and have membrane protrusions that form the brush border membrane (BBM) on their apical side. These increase surface area available for the transport of nutrients, but also provide opportunities for interaction with xenobiotics such as pathogens, toxins and host plant allelochemicals. Recent improvements in proteomic and bioinfbrmatics tools provided an opportunity to determine the proteome of the T. ni BBM in unprecedented detail. This study reports the identification of proteins from BBM vesicles (BBMVs) using single dimension polyacrylamide gel elec? trophoresis coupled with multi-dimensional protein identification technology. More than 3000 proteins were associated with the BBMV of which 697 were predicted to possess either a signal peptide, at least one transmembrane domain or a GPI-anchor signal. Of these, bioinfbrmatics analysis and manual curation predicted that 185 may be associated with the BBMV or epithelial cell plasma membrane. These are discussed with respect to their predicted functions, namely digestion, nutrient uptake, cell signaling, development, cell-cell interactions, and other functions. We believe this to be the most detailed proteomic analysis of the lepidopteran midgut epithelium membrane to date, which will provide information to better understand the biochemical, physiological and pathological processes taking place in the larval midgut. | Muhammad Afzal Javed Cathy Coutu David A. Theilmann Martin A. Erlandson Dwayne D. Hegedus | 2019 | Insect Science2019，26，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Genetic Variation in Field Populations of Baculoviruses: Mechanisms for Generating Variation and Its Potential Role in Baculovirus Epizootiology显示文摘Baculoviridae is a family of insect-specific DNA viruses that have been used as biological control agents for insect pest control. In most cases these baculovirus control agents are natural field isolates that have been selected based on their infectivity and virulence. The advent of molecular tools such as restriction endonucleases, targeted polymerase chain reaction and new DNA sequencing strategies have allowed for efficient detection and characterization of genotypic variants within and among geographic and temporal isolates of baculovirus species. It has become evident that multiple genotypic variants occur even within individual infected larvae. Clonal strains of baculovirus species derived either by in vitro or in vivo approaches have been shown to vary with respect to infectivity and virulence. Many of the cell culture derived plague-purified strains have deletions that interrupt egt expression leading to virus strains that kill infected hosts more quickly. As well, in vitro clones often involve larger genomic deletions with the loss of pif gene function, resulting in strains deficient for oral infectivity. There are an increasing number of baculovirus species for which complete genome sequences are available for more than one strain or field isolate. Results of comparative analysis of these strains indicated that hr regions and bro genes often mark 'hot spots' of genetic variability between strains and of potential recombination events. In addition, the degree of nucleotide polymorphisms between and within strains and their role in amino acid substitutions within ORFs and changes in promoter motifs is also beginning to be appreciated. In this short review the potential mechanisms that generate and maintain this genetic diversity within baculovirus populations is discussed, as is the potential role of genetic variation in host-pathogen interactions. | Martin A. Erlandson | 2009 | Virologica Sinica2009，24，5： | 0 |
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