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| 1 | Interaction between castanospermine an immunosuppressant and cyclosporin A in rat cardiac transplantation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interaction between castanospermine and cyclosporin A(Cs A) and to provide an explanation for it.METHODS: The alkaloid castanospermine was prepared from the seeds of Castanospermum austral consistently achieving purity. Rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation and mixed lymphocyte reactivity were done using genetically inbred strains of PVG(donor) and DA(recipient). For the mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulator cells were irradiated with 3000 rads using a linear accelerator. Cyclosporin A was administered by gavage and venous blood collected 2 h later(C_2). The blood levels of Cs A(Neoral) were measured by immunoassay which consisted of a homogeneous enzyme assay(EMIT) on Cobas Mira. Statistical analyses of interactions were done by an acceleratedfailure time model with Weibull distribution for allograft survival and logistic regression for the mixed lymphocyte reactivity.RESULTS: Castanospermine prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose even at relatively low doses. Cyclosporin A also prolonged transplant survival times as a function of dose particularly at doses above 2 mg/kg. There were synergistic interactions between castanospermine and Cs A in the prolongation of cardiac allograft survival for dose ranges of Cs A by castanospermine of(0 to 2) mg/kg by(0 to 200) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) and(0 to 3) mg/kg by(0 to 100) mg/kg(HR = 0.986; 95%CI: 0.981-0.992; P < 0.001) respectively. The addition of castanospermine did not significantly increase the levels of cyclosporin A on day 3 or day 6 for all doses of Cs A. On the contrary, cessation of castanospermine in the presence of Cs A at 2 mg/kg significantly increased the Cs A level(P = 0.002). Castanospermine inhibited mixed lymphocyte reactivity in a dose dependent manner but without synergistic interaction. CONCLUSION: There is synergistic interaction between castanospermine and Cs A in rat cardiac transplantation. Neither the mixed lymphocyte reaction nor the metabolism of Cs A provides an explanation. | Adrian D Hibberd David A Clark Paul R Trevillian Patrick Mcelduff | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Estimation of tropical forest structural characteristics using large-footprint lidar显示文摘 | Jason B Drake Ralph O Dubayah David B Clark Robert G Knox J.Bryan Blair Michelle A Hofton Robin L Chazdon John F Weishampel Steve Prince | 2001 | Remote Sensing of Environment2001，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Port efficiency, maritime transport costs, and bilateral trade 显示文摘 | CLARK X DAVID D MICCO A | 2004 | Journal of Development E- conomics2004，75，2： | 1 |
| 4 | In vitro susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to various antimicrobial combinations显示文摘 | Todd S Krueger Erin A Clark David E Nix | 2001 | Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease2001，41，： | 1 |
| 5 | Development and Vali- dation of Brief Measures of Positive and Negative Affect: The Panas Scales显示文摘 | Watson David Clark Lee A Tellegen Auke | 1988 | Journal of Personality and Social Psychology1988，，54： | 1 |
| 6 | Endocrine assessment,molecular characterization and treatment of growth hormone insensitivity disorders显示文摘 | Savage MO Attie KM David A Metherell LA Clark AJ Camacho-Hubner C | 2006 | Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab2006，2，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Estimating source location using normalized magnetic source strength calculated from magnetic gradient tensor data显示文摘 | Majid Beiki Clark A David Austin R James | 2012 | Geophysics2012，77，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Regulation of volatile henzenoid biosynthesis in petunia flowers显示文摘 | Schuurink Robert C Hating Michel A Clark David G | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Cheresh requirement of vescular integrin avβ3 for angiogenesis显示文摘 | Peter C Brooks Richard AF Clark David A | 1994 | Science1994，264，22： | 1 |
| 10 | Effect of zwitterionic surfactants on Interparticle forces,rheology,and particle packing of silicon nitride slurries显示文摘 | William A Ducker Erik P Luther David R Clarke | 1997 | J Am Ceram Soc1997，80，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Chemical modification of a lignin model polymer via arylboronate ester formation under mild reaction conditions显示文摘 | KORICH A L CLARKE K M DAVID W | 2009 | Macromolecules2009，42，16： | 1 |
| 12 | In vitro suscep- tibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to various antimicrobial combinations 显示文摘 | Todd S Krueger Erin A Clark David E Nix | 2001 | Diagnostic Microbiology and Infections Disease2001，41，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Antioxidant Activity of Oat Extracts added to Human LDL Particles and in Free Radical Trapping Assays 显示文摘 | David A Gray Matthew J Clarke | 2002 | Journal of Cereal Science2002，36，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Diffusion tensor imaging can detect and quantify corticospinal tract degeneration after stroke显示文摘 | David J Werring Ahmed T Toosy Chistopher A Clark | 2000 | J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry2000，69，： | 1 |
| 15 | Cleavable Double-Chain Surfactants with One Cationic and One Anionic Head Group that Form Vesicles显示文摘 | David A aeger Bei Li Theotis Clark Jr | 1996 | Langmuir1996，12，： | 1 |
| 16 | Hyperspectral discrimination of tropical rain forest tree species at leaf to crown scales 显示文摘 | Matthew L Clark Dar A Roberts David B Clark | 2005 | Remote Sensing of Environment2005，96，： | 1 |
| 17 | Development,validation and comparison of multivariable risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese adults:a prospective study of 0.5 million adults显示文摘Background and purpose Low-income and middle-income countries have the greatest stroke burden,yet remain understudied.This study compared the utility of Framingham versus novel risk scores for prediction of total stroke and stroke types in Chinese adults.Methods China Kadoorie Biobank(CKB)is a prospective study of 512726 adults,aged 30-79 years,recruited from 10 areas in China in 2004-2008.By 1 January 2018,43234 incident first stroke cases(36310 ischaemic stroke(IS);8865 haemorrhagic stroke(HS))were recorded in 503842 participants with no history of stroke at baseline.We compared the predictive utility of the Framingham Stroke Risk Profile(FSRP)with novel CKB stroke risk scores and included recalibration,refitting,stratifying by study area and addition of other risk factors.Discrimination was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)and calibration was assessed using Greenwood-Nam-D’Agostinoχ^(2) statistics.Results Incidence of total stroke varied fivefold by area in China.The FSRP had good discrimination for total stroke(AUC(95%CI);men:0.78(0.77 to 0.79),women:0.77(95%CI 0.76 to 0.78)),but poor calibration(χ^(2);men:1,825,women:3,053),substantially underestimating absolute risks.Recalibration reducedχ^(2) by>80%,but did not improve discrimination.Refitting the FSRP did not materially improve discrimination,but further improved calibration.Stratification by area improved discrimination(AUC;men:0.82(0.82 to 0.83);women:0.82(0.82 to 0.83)),but not calibration.Adding other risk factors yielded modest,but statistically significant,improvements in the AUCs.The findings for IS and HS were similar to those for total stroke.Conclusions The FSRP reliably differentiated Chinese adults with incident stroke,but substantially underestimated the absolute risks of stroke.Novel local risk prediction equations that took account of differences in stroke incidence within China enhanced risk prediction of total stroke and major stroke pathological types. | Matthew Chun Robert Clarke Tingting Zhu David Clifton Derrick A Bennett Yiping Chen Yu Guo Pei Pei Jun Lv Canqing Yu Ling Yang Liming Li Zhengming Chen Benjamin J Cairns 无 | 2022 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2022，7，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Substituted dihydrobenzopyran and dihydrobenzofuran thiazolidine- 2,4-diones as hypoglycemic agents 显示文摘 | Clark David A Goldstein Steven W Volkmann Robert A | 1991 | J Med Chem1991，34，： | 1 |
| 19 | In vitro susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to various antimicrobial combinations显示文摘 | Todd S Krueger Erin A Clark David E Nix | 2001 | Diagnastic Microbiology and Infectious Disease2001，41，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Temperature effects on fatigue performance of cold expanded holes in 7050-T7451 aluminum alloy显示文摘 | David A Clark W.Steven Johnson | 2002 | International Journal of Fatigue2002，，2： | 1 |
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