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| 1 | 多倍体水稻从头驯化:育种策略与展望显示文摘伴随着世界人口激增、耕地面积锐减以及极端天气频发等问题,世界粮食安全依然面临严峻挑战.为应对各种挑战,选择生物量大、抗逆能力强、营养高效的野生多倍体水稻进行从头驯化,培育高产、优质、多抗且环境适应性强的新型作物是人类应对日益严峻挑战的有效策略之一.本文系统论述了作物育种技术的发展、多倍体作物的优势以及稻属资源的多样性,并从种质筛选、技术突破、可行性等方面重点介绍了多倍体水稻从头驯化的育种策略,同时对这一全新育种策略的发展前景进行了展望. | 张静昆 曾鹏 余泓 孟祥兵 李家洋 | 2021 | 中国科学:生命科学2021，51，10： | 3 |
| 2 | Cytological Behavior of Hybridization Barriers Between Oryza sativa and Oryza officinalis显示文摘Oryza officinalis is one of the important wild species in the tertiary gene pool of Oryza sativa. It has a number of elite genes for rice breeding in resistance or tolerance. However, breeding barriers are so serious that the gene transfer is much difficult by sexual cross method between O. sativa and O. officinalis. Characteristics of the breeding barriers were systemically studied in this paper. When both the diploid (AA, 2n=2x=24) and autotetraploid (AAAA, 2n=4x=48) cultivated rice were crossed as maternal parents with O. officinalis (CC, 2n=2x=24), none F1 hybrid seeds were obtained. The young hybrid ovaries aborted at 13-16 d after pollinations (DAP). By rescuing hybrid embryos, in vitro F1 plantlets were obtained in 2x×2x combinations with the crossabilities lower than 0.5%. Lower rates of double-fertilization and abnormal development of hybrid embryo and endosperm were mainly observed in both combinations of 2x×2x and 4x×2x. Free endosperm nuclei in hybrid degenerated early at 1 DAP in a large scale. Almost no normal endosperm cells formed at 3 DAP. Development of a lot of embryos ceased at globularor pear-shaped stage as well as some degenerated gradually. The hybrid plantlets were both male and female sterility. Due to the abnormal development, a diversity of abnormal embryo sacs formed in hybrids, and hybrid pollen grains were typically abortive. It showed that conflicts of genome A and C in hybrid induced abnormal meioses of meiocytes. | FU Xue-lin LU Yong-gen LIU Xiang-dong LI Jin-quan ZHAO Xing-juan | 2011 | Agricultural Sciences in China2011，10，10： | 2 |
| 3 | Expression of CENH3 alleles in synthesized allopolyploid Oryza species显示文摘Synthesized allopolyploids are valuable materials for comparative analyses of two or more distinct genomes, such as the expression changes (activation, inactivation or differential expression) of orthologous genes following allopolyploidization. CENH3 is a centromere specific histone H3 variant and has been regarded as a central component in kinetochore formation and centromere function. In this study, interspecific hybrids of Oryza genus (AA × CC, AA × CCDD) and their backcross progenies were produced, and the genome constitutions were identified as AC, ACC, ACD, AACD, or AA(CD) by Genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). We further cloned and sequenced the CENH3 genes from O. sativa (AA), O. officinalis (CC) and O. latifolia (CCDD). Sequencing of RT-PCR products revealed that CENH3_C2 and CENH3_D, the two CENH3 alleles from O. latifolia, showed polymophism in several sites, while CENH3_C2 and CENH3_C1 from O. officinalis were different at only two amino acids positions. Moreover, we found that the CENH3 genes from both parents are expressed in interspecific hybrids and their progenies. Specifically, based on our cDNA sequencing data, the ratio of expression level between CENH3_A and CENH3_C1 was approximately 1 in AC and 0.5 in ACC genomes, respectively. As a result, the CENH3 expression patterns shed more light on the inter-coordination between varied centromeric DNA sequences and highly conserved kinetochore protein in synthesized allopolyploids of Oryza genus. | Hui Li Li Lu Yanfang Heng Rui Qin Yongzhong Xing Weiwei Jin | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Identification and cell wall analysis of interspecific hybrids between Oryza sativa and Oryza ridleyi显示文摘Oryza ridleyi is an allotetraploid wild species with the HHJJ genome, and Oryza sativa is a diploid cultivated rice that has the AA genome. Although the wide hybrid between the two species is difficult to obtain, we overcome this difficulty by young embryo rescue. An obvious heterosis was primarily found for the plant height, tillering ability, vegetative vigor, etc. However, the hybrid panicle and culm traits were found to resemble that of the wild rice parent, O. ridleyi, for the long awns, exoteric purple stigma, grain shattering, dispersed panicles, and culm mechanical strength. Genomic in situ hybridization(GISH) analysis was subsequently performed on the mitotic metaphase chromosome of the root tips, and we determined that the hybrid is an allotriploid with 36 chromosomes and its genomic constitution is AHJ. Chemical analyses conducted on the culm of O. sativa, O. ridleyi, and their interspecific hybrids showed that major changes occurred in the xylose, glucose, and arabinose concentrations, which are correlated with the specific hemicellulose polymer and cellulose components that are important in the primary cell walls of green plants. Meanwhile, the culm anatomical analyses indicated that additional large vascular bundles and an extra sclerenchyma cell layer were found in O. ridleyi. Additionally, further thickening of the secondary cell walls of the cortical fiber sclerenchyma cells and the phloem companion cells was discovered in O. ridleyi and in the interspecific hybrids. These results imply that there may be a potential link between culm mechanical strength and culm anatomical structure. | YI Chuan-deng LI Wei WANG De-rong JIANG Wei HU Da-bang ZHOU Yong LIANG Guo-hua GUMing-hong | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，8： | 0 |
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