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| 1 | Quantitative analysis of lake area variations and the influence factors from 1971 to 2004 in the Nam Co basin of the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘By using remote sensing and GIS technologies, spatial analysis and statistic analysis, we calculated the water area and volume variations of the Nam Co Lake from 1971-2004, and discussed their influence factors from the viewpoints of climatic change and water balance. Data source in this study includes bathymetric data of the lake, aerial surveyed topographic maps of 1970, remote sensing images of 1991 and 2004 in the lake catchment, meteorological data from 17 stations within 1971-2004 in the adjacent area of the lake catchment. The results showed that the lake area expanded from 1920 km2 to 2015 km2 during 1971 to 2004 with the mean annual increasing rate (MAIR) of 2.81 km2 a-1, and the lake volume augmented from 783.23×108 m3 to 863.77×108 m3 with the MAIR of 2.37×108 m3. Moreover, the MAIR of the lake area and volume are both higher during 1992 to 2004 (4.01 km2 a-1 and 3.61×108 m3 a-1) than those during 1971 to 1991 (2.06 km2 a-1 and 1.60×108 m3 a-1). Analyses of meteorological data indicated that the continue rising of air temperature conduced more glacier melting water. This part of water supply, together with the increasing precipitation and the descending evaporation, contributed to the enlargement of Nam Co Lake. The roughly water balance analyses of lake water volume implied that, in two study periods (1971-1991 and 1992-2004), the precipitation supplies (direct precipitations on the lake area and stream flow derived from precipitations) accounted for 63% and 61.92% of the whole supplies, while the glacier melting water supplies occupied only 8.55% and 11.48%, respectively. This showed that precipitations were main water supplies of the Nam Co Lake. However, for the reason of lake water increasing, the increased amount from precipitations accounted for 46.67% of total increased water supplies, while the increased amount from glacier melting water reached 52.86% of total increased water supplies. The ratio of lake evaporation and lake volume augment showed that 95.71% of total increased water supplies contributed to the augment of lake volume. Therefore, the increased glacier melting water accounted for about 50.6% of augment of the lake volume, which suggested that the increased glacier melting water was the main reason for the quickly enlargement of the Nam Co lake under the continuous temperature rising. | ZHU LiPing XIE ManPing WU YanHong | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，13： | 64 |
| 2 | Chemical composition of PM_(2.5) during winter in Tianjin,China显示文摘PM2.5 samples for 24 h were collected during winter in Tianjin,China. The ambient mass concentration and chemical composition of the PM2.5 were determined. Ionic species were analyzed by ion chromatog-raphy,while carbonaceous species were determined with the IMPROVE thermal optical reectance(TOR) method,and inorganic elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spec-trometer. The daily PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 48.2 to 319.2 g/m3 with an arithmetic average of 144.6 g/m3. The elevated PM2.5 in winter was mostly attributed to combustion sources such as vehicle exhaust,heating,cooking and industrial emissions,low wind speeds and high relative humidity(RH) ,which were favorable for pollutant accumulation and formation of secondary pollutants. By chem-ical mass balance,it was estimated that about 89.1% of the PM2.5 mass concentrations were explained by carbonaceous species,secondary particles,crustal matters,sea salt and trace elements. Organic material was the largest contributor,accounting for about 32.7% of the total PM2.5 mass concentrations. SO42-,NO3-,Cl- and NH4+ were four major ions,accounting for 16.6%,11.5%,4.7% and 6.0%,respectively,of the total mass of PM2.5. | Jinxia Gu Zhipeng Bai Weifang Li Liping Wu Aixia Liu Haiyan Dong Yiyang Xie | 2011 | Particuology2011，9，3： | 60 |
| 3 | The response of lake-glacier variations to climate change in Nam Co Catchment, central Tibetan Plateau, during 1970-2000显示文摘Based upon the 1970 aero-photo topographic map,and TM/ETM satellite images taken in 1991 and 2000,the authors artificially interpreted boundaries of lake and glaciers in Nam Co Catchment,and quantified lake-glacier area variations in different stages by 'inte-grated method' with the support of GIS. Results show that from 1970 to 2000,lake area in-creased from 1942.34 km2 to 1979.79 km2 at a rate of 1.27 km2/a,while glacier area de-creased from 167.62 km2 to 141.88 km2 at a rate of 0.86 km2/a. The increasing rate of lake in 1991–2000 was 1.76 km2/a that was faster than 1.03 km2/a in 1970–1991,while in the same period of time,the shrinking rates of glaciers were 0.97 km2/a and 0.80 km2/a respectively. Important factors,relevant to lake and glacier response to the climate,such as air tempera-ture,precipitation,potential evapotranspiration and their values in warm and cold seasons,were discussed. The result suggests that temperature increasing is the main reason for the accelerated melting of glaciers. Lake expansion is mainly induced by the increase of the gla-cier melting water,increase of precipitation and obvious decrease of potential evapotranspi-ration. Precipitation,evaporation and their linkages with lake enlargement on regional scale need to be thoroughly studied under the background of global warming and glacier retreating. | WU Yanhong ZHU Liping | 2008 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2008，18，2： | 42 |
| 4 | Multispherical interactions and their effects on the Tibetan Plateau's earth system: a review of the recent researches显示文摘The Tibetan Plateau(TP) is a regional Earth system showing very strong interactions among its lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere, atmosphere, and anthrosphere. hese interactions manifest TP's impact on surrounding regions and relect TP's response to the global change. Quantifying the multispherical interactions is critically important to understand the TP environment. Our recent years researches including the ongoing program entitled ‘Tibetan Multi-Spheres Interactions and heir Resource-Environment Signiicance(TIMI)', the completed program entitled. ‘Paleo-Altitudes of Tibetan Plateau and Environment(PATE)', as well as the other relating projects have focused on multidisciplinary research approaches and emphasized on three major pathways: Eurasia-Indian plates collision on deep-Earth dynamics, uplit impact on Earth's mantle–crust dynamics, and contemporary interface on land surface and atmospheric dynamics. Our researches have taken in situ measurement as priority and developed several platforms of data acquisition and analysis, including the platforms of water-phase transformations, and ecosystem observations. Our ield investigations have been conducted to obtain data about stratum, paleontology, paleoenvironment, genetic diferentiation of animals and plants. We have developed conceptual and mathematical models for crust uplit formation, paleoclimate, glacial melt,water–air interface lux, vegetation climate, and soil erosion. We have also assessed the anthropogenic impacts on environment. Our researches have achieved new and reliable redating of the mantle–crust interaction and initial formation of the TP, found the interaction between tectonics and uplit of the TP and resultant paleoaltitude acting as a spreading source; discovered the interaction between the westerlies and Indian monsoon acting as a control chain that dominates the TP's contemporary environment. he scientiic results can play fundamental roles in supporting the TP's resource exploration and societal sustainable development. | Tandong Yao Fuyuan Wu Lin Ding Jimin Sun Liping Zhu Shilong Piao Tao Deng Xijun Ni Hongbo Zheng Hua Ouyang | 2015 | National Science Review2015，2，4： | 35 |
| 5 | Glacial distribution and mass balance in the Yarlung Zangbo River and its influence on lakes显示文摘Glaciers in the Yarlung Zangbo River witness severe glacial retreat nowadays,which gives important influence on lake processes in the region.We have studied glacial distribution,glacial mass balance and found large deficit in glacial mass and its impact in the region.Our study also integrated the variation in glacial-fed lakes of the Nam Co and Ranwu Lake,and presented an initial assessment of the impact of glacial mass balance on lakes.The study has shown a significant contribution of glacial melting to recent lake expansion and lake level rising. | YAO TanDong LI ZhiGuo YANG Wei GUO XueJun ZHU LiPing KANG ShiChang WU YanHong YU WuSheng | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，20： | 34 |
| 6 | Statistics-based Optimization of the Polarimetric Radar Hydrometeor Classification Algorithm and Its Application for a Squall Line in South China显示文摘A modified hydrometeor classification algorithm(HCA) is developed in this study for Chinese polarimetric radars. This algorithm is based on the U.S. operational HCA. Meanwhile, the methodology of statistics-based optimization is proposed including calibration checking, datasets selection, membership functions modification, computation thresholds modification,and effect verification. Zhuhai radar, the first operational polarimetric radar in South China, applies these procedures. The systematic bias of calibration is corrected, the reliability of radar measurements deteriorates when the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and correlation coefficient within the melting layer is usually lower than that of the U.S. WSR-88D radar. Through modification based on statistical analysis of polarimetric variables, the localized HCA especially for Zhuhai is obtained,and it performs well over a one-month test through comparison with sounding and surface observations. The algorithm is then utilized for analysis of a squall line process on 11 May 2014 and is found to provide reasonable details with respect to horizontal and vertical structures, and the HCA results—especially in the mixed rain–hail region—can reflect the life cycle of the squall line. In addition, the kinematic and microphysical processes of cloud evolution and the differences between radardetected hail and surface observations are also analyzed. The results of this study provide evidence for the improvement of this HCA developed specifically for China. | Chong WU Liping LIU Ming WEI Baozhu XI Minghui YU | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，3： | 32 |
| 7 | Quercetin induces apoptosis by activating caspase-3 and regulating Bcl-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 pathways in human HL-60 cells显示文摘橡黄素是自然地发生之一饮食的黄酮醇混合物。它在植物富有地是在场的并且有 chemopreventive 和 anticancer 效果。调查它的 anticancer 机制,我们对尖锐白血病房间线检验了橡黄素的活动, HL-60。我们的结果证明橡黄素禁止了房间增长并且在一个时间依赖者和剂量依赖者举止导致了 apoptosis。而且,橡黄素下面调整 anti-apoptosis 蛋白质 Bcl-2 的表示并且起来调整 pro-apoptosis 蛋白质 Bax 的表示。Caspase-3 被橡黄素也激活,它开始了一条 caspase-3-depended mitochodrial 小径导致 apoptosis。橡黄素禁止了 cycloocygenase-2 (Cox-2 ) 的表示,这也被发现 mRNA 和 Cox-2 蛋白质。一起拿,这些调查结果建议橡黄素由禁止 Cox-2 表示在一条 caspase-3-dependent 小径导致 apoptosis 并且调整下游的 apoptotic 部件的表示,包括 Bcl-2 和 Bax。橡黄素能是可能安全地在白血病治疗被使用的一个有势力和有希望的药。 | Guomin Niu Songmei Yin Shuangfeng Xie Yiqing Li Danian Nie Liping Ma Xiuju Wang Yudan Wu | 2011 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2011，43，1： | 28 |
| 8 | Deep reinforcement learning-based joint task offloading and bandwidth allocation for multi-user mobile edge computing显示文摘The rapid growth of mobile internet services has yielded a variety of computation-intensive applications such as virtual/augmented reality. Mobile Edge Computing (MEC), which enables mobile terminals to offload computation tasks to servers located at the edge of the cellular networks, has been considered as an efficient approach to relieve the heavy computational burdens and realize an efficient computation offloading. Driven by the consequent requirement for proper resource allocations for computation offloading via MEC, in this paper, we propose a Deep-Q Network (DQN) based task offloading and resource allocation algorithm for the MEC. Specifically, we consider a MEC system in which every mobile terminal has multiple tasks offloaded to the edge server and design a joint task offloading decision and bandwidth allocation optimization to minimize the overall offloading cost in terms of energy cost, computation cost, and delay cost. Although the proposed optimization problem is a mixed integer nonlinear programming in nature, we exploit an emerging DQN technique to solve it. Extensive numerical results show that our proposed DQN-based approach can achieve the near-optimal performance。 | Liang Huang Xu Feng Cheng Zhang Liping Qian Yuan Wu | 2019 | Digital Communications and Networks2019，5，1： | 25 |
| 9 | Livelihood diversification and cropland use pattern in agro-pastoral mountainous region of eastern Tibetan Plateau显示文摘这研究在 Keerma 村庄里检验了生计多样化和农田使用模式,在 Jinchuan 定位了县,东方西藏的高原。通过成层的随机的采样调查,提供参加机会的农村估价。 | ZHANG Liping ZHANG Yili YAN dianzhong WU Yingying | 2008 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2008，18，4： | 23 |
| 10 | An alternative therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy: transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation显示文摘 | Rong Peijing Liu Aihua Zhang Jianguo Wang Yuping Yang Anchao Li Liang Ben Hui Li Liping Liu Rupeng He Wei Liu Huanguang Huang Feng Li Xia Wu Peng Zhu Bing | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，2： | 20 |
| 11 | Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and Southern China显示文摘The characteristics of raindrop size distribution(DSD) over the Tibetan Plateau and southern China are studied in this paper, using the DSD data from April to August 2014 collected by HSC-PS32 disdrometers in Nagqu and Yangjiang, comprising a total of 9430 and 6366 1-min raindrop spectra, respectively. The raindrop spectra, characteristics of parameter variations with rainfall rate, and the relationships between reflectivity factor(Z) and rainfall rate(R) are analyzed, as well as their DSD changes with precipitation type and rainfall rate. The results show that the average raindrop spectra appear to be one-peak curves, the number concentration for larger drops increase significantly with rainfall rate, and its value over southern China is much higher, especially in convective rain. Standardized Gamma distributions better describe DSD for larger drops, especially for convective rain in southern China. All three Gamma parameters for stratiform precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau are much higher, while its shape parameter(μ) and mass-weighted mean diameter(D_m), for convective precipitation, are less. In terms of parameter variation with rainfall rate, the normalized intercept parameter(N_w) over the Tibetan Plateau for stratiform rain increases with rainfall rate, which is opposite to the situation in convective rain. The μover the Tibetan Plateau for stratiform and convective precipitation types decreases with an increase in rainfall rate, which is opposite to the case for D m variation. In Z–R relationships, like 'Z = AR^b', the coefficient A over the Tibetan Plateau is smaller, while its b is higher, when the rain type transfers from stratiform to convective ones. Furthermore, with an increase in rainfall rate, parameters A and b over southern China increase gradually, while A over the Tibetan Plateau decreases substantially, which differs from the findings of previous studies. In terms of geographic location and climate over the Tibetan Plateau and southern China, the precipitation in the pre-flood seasons is dominated by strong convective rain, while weak convective rain occurs frequently in northern Tibet with lower humidity and higher altitude. | Yahao WU Liping LIU | 2017 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2017，34，6： | 20 |
| 12 | Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO_2-deposited diatomites:Highly efficient absorbents for the removal of Cr(Ⅵ)显示文摘Flower-, wire-, and sheet-like MnO2-deposited diatomites have been prepared using a hydrothermal method with Mn(Ac)2, KMnO4and/or MnSO4 as Mn source and diatomite as support. Physical properties of the materials were characterized by means of numerous analytical techniques, and their behaviors in the adsorption of chromium(VI) were evaluated.It is shown that the MnO2-deposited diatomite samples with different morphologies possessed high surface areas and abundant surface hydroxyl groups(especially the wire-like MnO2/diatomite sample). The wire-like MnO2/diatomite sample showed the best performance in the removal of Cr(VI), giving the maximum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of 101 mg/g. | Yucheng Du Liping Wang Jinshu Wang Guangwei Zheng Junshu Wu Hongxing Dai | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，3： | 17 |
| 13 | Pm21 from Haynaldia villosa Encodes a CC-NBS- LRR Protein Conferring Powdery Mildew Resistance in Wheat显示文摘 | Liping Xing Ping Hu Jiaqian Liu Kamil Witek Shuang Zhou Jiefei Xu Weihao Zhou Li Gao Zhenpu Huang Ruiqi Zhang Xiue Wang Peidu Chen Haiyan Wang Jonathan D.G. Jones Miroslava Karafiatova Jan Vrana Jan Baros Jaroslav Dolezel Yuanchun Tian Yufeng Wu Aizhong Cao | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，6： | 16 |
| 14 | Chemical and optical properties of aerosols and their interrelationship in winter in the megacity Shanghai of China显示文摘A field campaign on air quality was carried out in Shanghai in winter of 2012. The concentrations of NO, NO2, NOx, SO2, CO, and PM2.5increased during haze formation. The average masses of SO42-, NO3-and NH4+were 10.3, 11.7 and 6.7 μg/m3 during the haze episodes, which exceeded the average(9.2, 7.9, and 3.4 μg/m3) of these components in the non-haze days. The mean values for the aerosol scattering coefficient(b sp), aerosol absorption coefficient(b ap) and single scattering albedo(SSA) were 288.7, 27.7 and0.91 Mm-1, respectively. A bi-peak distribution was observed for the mass concentrations of CO, NO, NO2, and NOx. More sulfate was produced during daytime than that in the evening due to photochemical reactions. The mass concentration of NH4+achieved a small peak at noontime. NO3-showed lower concentrations in the afternoon and higher concentrations in the early morning. There were obvious bi-peak diurnal patterns for b sp and b ap as well as SSA. b sp and b ap showed a positive correlation with PM2.5mass concentration.(NH4)2SO4, NH4NO3, organic mass, elemental carbon and coarse mass accounted for 21.7%, 19.3%, 31.0%, 9.3% and 12.3% of the total extinction coefficient during non-haze days, and 25.6%, 24.3%, 30.1%, 8.1% and 8.2% during hazy days. Organic matter was the largest contributor to light extinction. The contribution proportions of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate to light extinction were significantly higher during the hazy time than during the non-haze days. | Tingting Han Liping Qiao Min Zhou Yu Qu Jianfei Du Xingang Liu Shengrong Lou Changhong Chen Hongli Wang Fang Zhang Qing Yu Qiong Wu | 2015 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2015，27，1： | 14 |
| 15 | Characteristics of the microbial communities in the integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands显示文摘Microorganisms play an important role in removing pollutants from constructed wetlands.We investigated the microbial characteristics in a novel integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland(IVCW) ,which has been in operation in Wuhan,China since 1998.We used phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) and amoA gene to analyze the structure and diversity of the microbial community within the IVCW.PLFA results suggested that the amount of bacterial PLFA was significantly higher than that of fungal PLFA,but the total microbial biomass represented by PLFA index was low in the system.Microbial spatial distribution showed significantly higher bacterial(both G+and G-) and fungal biomass in the surface than in the subsurface layers.The ratios of monounsaturated to branched PLFA demonstrated that an anaerobic layer sandwiched by two aerobic layers existed in the IVCW,consistent with the redox potential results.Analysis of the amoA revealed the presence of Nitrosomonas-like sequences in the surface substrate of the downflow chamber and apparent diversities of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in the system.These results suggest that microorganisms,despite their relatively low biomass,have inhabited the IVCW,and the results will offer some valuable information on microbe to system designers and managers. | ZHOU Qiaohong,HE Feng,Zhang Liping,WANG Yanfen,WU Zhenbin State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China Department of Biology and Chemistry,City University of Hong Kong | 2009 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2009，21，9： | 14 |
| 16 | Optimal electroacupuncture frequency for maintaining astrocyte structural integrity in cerebral ischemia显示文摘The astrocyte is a critical regulator of neuronal survival after ischemic brain injury. Electroacupuncture may be an effective therapy for cerebral ischemia, as electroacupuncture frequency can affect the structural integrity of astrocytes. In this study, a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion established using the modified thread embolism method was treated with electroacupuncture of the bilateral Quchi (LI11) and Zusanli (ST36) at 15, 30, and 100 Hz frequencies. Behavioral testing, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy were used to explore the effect of these electroacupuncture frequencies used on maintaining the structural integrity of ischemic brain tissue. Compared with the model and 100 Hz electroacupuncture groups, the 15 and 30 Hz electroacupuncture groups displayed decreased neurological deficit scores, as evaluated by the 'Longa' method, significantly increased glial fibrillary acidic protein expression, and alleviated ultrastructural damage of astrocytes at the edge of the infarct. Our experimental findings indicate that 15 and 30 Hz electroacupuncture intervention can favorably maintain the structural integrity of astrocytes and play a protective role in cerebral ischemic injury. Astrocyte structural integrity may be the mechanism underlying acupuncture production of ischemic tolerance. | Yicai Xiao Xingui Wu Xiangfa Deng Liping Huang Yuancheng Zhou Xuejie Yang | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，12： | 14 |
| 17 | Effect of contrast-enhanced ultrasound on differential diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and arterial phase enhanced hepatic inflammatory lesions显示文摘Objective: To investigate differential diagnosis between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC) and arterial phase enhanced hepatic inflammatory lesions in patients without liver cirrhosis using contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS).Methods: ICC and hepatic inflammatory lesions cases with CEUS and pathological diagnosis between Sep 2013 and Oct 2016 were investigated retrospectively. Imaging features of conventional ultrasound and CEUS were analyzed. The parameters of time intensity curve(TIC), including the arrival time, peak intensity(PI) in the lesions, the starting time for washout, and the intensity difference at 3 min(ΔI_3) after contrast agent infection between the lesion and the liver parenchyma, were compared between ICC and hepatic inflammatory lesions.Results: Twenty-five ICC and fifteen inflammatory patients were included in this study. Seventeen ICC(68.0%)and two inflammatory cases(13.3%) showed bile duct dilatation on conventional ultrasound. Using CEUS, three ICC cases(12.0%) were misdiagnosed as inflammatory lesions and three inflammatory lesions(20.0%) as ICC; two ICC(8.0%) and one inflammatory case(6.7%) could not be made definite diagnosis. Washout started at 34.5±3.5 s and 61.5±12.9 s for ICC and inflammatory lesions respectively(P<0.001). The intensity difference between lesion and liver parenchyma at 3 min after contrast agent injection was 10.8±3.1 dB in ICC and 4.2±2.3 dB in inflammatory group(P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity differentiating ICC and inflammatory lesions were76% and 87% if the cut-off value of the intensity difference was 7.7 d B.Conclusions: Combined with TIC analysis, and particularly with the characteristic of the early-starting and obvious washout in ICC, CEUS can be useful in differential diagnosis between hepatic inflammatory lesions and ICC. | Shanshan Yin Qiuli Cui Kun Yan Wei Yang Wei Wu Liping Bao Minhua Chen | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，3： | 13 |
| 18 | Progress in Global Gas Hydrate Development and Production as a New Energy Resource显示文摘Natural gas hydrates have been hailed as a new and promising unconventional alternative energy,especially as fossil fuels approach depletion,energy consumption soars,and fossil fuel prices rise,owing to their extensive distribution,abundance,and high fuel efficiency.Gas hydrate reservoirs are similar to a storage cupboard in the global carbon cycle,containing most of the world's methane and accounting for a third of Earth's mobile organic carbon.We investigated gas hydrate stability zone burial depths from the viewpoint of conditions associated with stable existence of gas hydrates,such as temperature,pressure,and heat flow,based on related data collected by the global drilling programs.Hydrate-related areas are estimated using various biological,geochemical and geophysical tools.Based on a series of previous investigations,we cover the history and status of gas hydrate exploration in the USA,Japan,South Korea,India,Germany,the polar areas,and China.Then,we review the current techniques for hydrate exploration in a global scale.Additionally,we briefly review existing techniques for recovering methane from gas hydrates,including thermal stimulation,depressurization,chemical injection,and CH4-CO2 exchange,as well as corresponding global field trials in Russia,Japan,United States,Canada and China.In particular,unlike diagenetic gas hydrates in coarse sandy sediments in Japan and gravel sediments in the United States and Canada,most gas hydrates in the northem South China Sea are non-diagenetic and exist in fine-grained sediments with a vein-like morphology.Therefore,especially in terms of the offshore production test in gas hydrate reservoirs in the Shenhu area in the north slope of the South China Sea,Chinese scientists have proposed two unprecedented techniques that have been verified during the field trials:solid fluidization and formation fluid extraction.Herein,we introduce the two production techniques,as well as the so-called'fbur-in-one'environmental monitoring system employed during the Shenhu production test.Methane is not currently commercially produced from gas hydrates anywhere in the world;therefore,the objective of field trials is to prove whether existing techniques could be applied as feasible and economic production methods for gas hydrates in deep-water sediments and permafrost zones.Before achieving commercial methane recovery from gas hydrates,it should be necessary to measure the geologic properties of gas hydrate reservoirs to optimize and improve existing production techniques.Herein,we propose horizontal wells,multilateral wells,and cluster wells improved by the vertical and in dividual wells applied during existing field trials.It is noteworthy that relatively pure gas hydrates occur in seafloor mounds,within near-surface sediments,and in gas migration conduits.Their extensive distribution,high saturation,and easy access mean that these types of gas hydrate may attract considerable attention from academia and industry in the future.Herein,we also review the occurrence and development of concentrated shallow hydrate accumulations and briefly introduce exploration and production techniques.In the closing section,we discuss future research needs,key issues,and major challenges related to gas hydrate exploration and production.We believe this review article provides insight on past,present,and future gas hydrate exploration and production to provide guidelines and stimulate new work into the field of gas hydrates. | LIU Liping SUN Zhilei ZHANG Lei WU Nengyou Yichao Qin JIANG Zuzhou GENG Wei CAO Hong ZHANG Xilin ZHAI Bin XU Cuiling SHEN Zhicong JIA Yonggang | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，3： | 13 |
| 19 | Recent Progress in Dual-Polarization Radar Research and Applications in China显示文摘Dual-polarization(dual-pol)radar can measure additional parameters that provide more microphysical information of precipitation systems than those provided by conventional Doppler radar.The dual-pol parameters have been successfully utilized to investigate precipitation microphysics and improve radar quantitative precipitation estimation(QPE).The recent progress in dual-pol radar research and applications in China is summarized in four aspects.Firstly,the characteristics of several representative dual-pol radars are reviewed.Various approaches have been developed for radar data quality control,including calibration,attenuation correction,calculation of specific differential phase shift,and identification and removal of non-meteorological echoes.Using dual-pol radar measurements,the microphysical characteristics derived from raindrop size distribution retrieval,hydrometeor classification,and QPE is better understood in China.The limited number of studies in China that have sought to use dual-pol radar data to validate the microphysical parameterization and initialization of numerical models and assimilate dual-pol data into numerical models are summarized.The challenges of applying dual-pol data in numerical models and emerging technologies that may make significant impacts on the field of radar meteorology are discussed. | Kun ZHAO Hao HUANG Mingjun WANG Wen-Chau LEE Gang CHEN Long WEN Jing WEN Guifu ZHANG Ming XUE Zhengwei YANG Liping LIU Chong WU Zhiqun HU Sheng CHEN | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 12 |
| 20 | The program structure designing and optimizing tests of GRAPES physics显示文摘According to the modularization and standardization of program structure in Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES), the plug-compatible and transplantable regional meso-scale and global middle-range physics software package is established. The package's component integrality is comparative with the other advanced models physics. A three-level structure of connecting GRAPES physics and dynamic frame has been constructed. The friendly interface is designed for users to plug in their own physics packages. Phenomenon of grid-point storm rainfall in numerical prediction is analyzed with the numerical tests. The scheme of air vertical velocity calculation is improved. Optimizing tests of physics schemes are performed with the correlative parameters adjusting. The results show that the false grid-point storm rainfall is removed by precipitation scheme improving. Then the score of precipitation forecast is enhanced. | XU GuoQiang CHEN DeHui XUE JiShan SUN Jian SHEN XueShun SHEN YuanFang HUANG LiPing WU XiangJun ZHANG HongLiang WANG ShiYu | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，22： | 11 |
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