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| 1 | Mesenchymal stem cells: Emerging mechanisms of immunomodulation and therapy显示文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are a pleiotropic population of cells that are self-renewing and capable of differentiating into canonical cells of the mesenchyme, including adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteocytes. They employ multi-faceted approaches to maintain bone marrow niche homeostasis and promote wound healing during injury. Biomedical research has long sought to exploit their pleiotropic properties as a basis for cell therapy for a variety of diseases and to facilitate hematopoietic stem cell establishment and stromal reconstruction in bone marrow transplantation. Early results demonstrated their usage as safe, and there was little host response to these cells. The discovery of their immunosuppressive functions ushered in a new interest in MSCs as a promising therapeutic tool to suppress inflammation and down-regulate pathogenic immune responses in graft-versus-host and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, autoimmune diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. MSCs produce a large number of soluble and membrane-bound factors, some of which inhibit immune responses. However, the full range of MSC-mediated immune-modulation remains incompletely understood, as emerging reports also reveal that MSCs can adopt an immunogenic phenotype, stimulate immune cells, and yield seemingly contradictory results in experimental animal models of inflammatory disease. The present review describes the large body of literature that has been accumulated on the fascinating biology of MSCs and their complex effects on immune responses. | Justin D Glenn Katharine A Whartenby | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 55 |
| 2 | The “bystander effect”:tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 3 | The bystander effect:Tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Aboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，： | 1 |
| 4 | The 'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 5 | The 'bystander effect': Tumor regression when a fraction of the tumors mass is genetically medified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abbound CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 6 | The 'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，： | 1 |
| 7 | The“bystander effect”Tumor regression when a fraction of the tumors mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abbound CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 8 | Tumor regression when a fraction of tumor mass contains the HSV-TK gene显示文摘 | Freeman SM Whartenby KA Koeplin DS | 1992 | J Cell Biochem1992，16，： | 1 |
| 9 | The 'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，： | 1 |
| 10 | In situ use of suicide genes for cancer therapy显示文摘 | Freeman SM Whartenby KA Freeman JL | 1996 | Semin Oncol1996，23，1： | 1 |
| 11 | The ystander effect tumor regression when fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freeman S M Abboud C N Whartenby K A | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 12 | The bystander effects tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Research1993，53，： | 1 |
| 13 | The 'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 14 | The'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman S M Abboud C N Whartenby K A | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 15 | FLT3 inhibitors for the treatment of autoimmune disease显示文摘 | Whartenby KA Small D Calabresi PA | 2008 | Expert Opin Investig Drugs2008，17，11： | 1 |
| 16 | The 'bystander effect' : tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA Packman CH Koeplin DS Moolten FL | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 17 | The'bystander effect':tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman S M Abboud C N Whartenby K A | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 18 | The 'bystander effect'tumour regression when a fraction of the tumormass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freenab SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 19 | The 'bystander effect' : tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified 显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abboud CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，21： | 1 |
| 20 | The 'bystander effectn : Tumor regression when a fraction of the tumor mass is genetically modified显示文摘 | Freeman SM Abbound CN Whartenby KA | 1993 | Cancer Res1993，53，： | 1 |
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