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| 1 | Assessment and sequencing of air target threat based on intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and dynamic VIKOR显示文摘In view of the fact that traditional air target threat assessment methods are difficult to reflect the combat characteristics of uncertain, dynamic and hybrid formation, an algorithm is proposed to solve the multi-target threat assessment problems. The target attribute weight is calculated by the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy(IFE) algorithm and the time series weight is gained by the Poisson distribution method based on multi-times data. Finally,assessment and sequencing of the air multi-target threat model based on IFE and dynamic Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje(VIKOR) is established with an example which indicates that the method is reasonable and effective. | ZHANG Kun KONG Weiren LIU Peipei SHI Jiao LEI Yu ZOU Jie | 2018 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2018，29，2： | 24 |
| 2 | Review of the characteristics and graded utilisation of coal gasification slag显示文摘The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have brought opportunities for coal chemical industry.However,with the large-scale popularisation of coal gasification technology,the production and resulting storage of coal gasification slag continue to increase,which not only result in serious environmental pollution and a waste of terrestrial resources,but also seriously affect the sustainable development of coal chemical enterprises.Hence,the treatment of coal gasification slag is extremely important.In this paper,the production,composition,morphology,particle size structure and water holding characteristics of coal gasification slag are introduced,and the methods of carbon ash separation of gasification slag,both domestically and abroad,are summarised.In addition,the paper also summarises the research progress on gasification slag in building materials,ecological restoration,residual carbon utilisation and other high-value utilisation,and ultimately puts forward the idea of the comprehensive utilisation of gasification slag.For large-scale consumption to solve the environmental problems of enterprises and achieve high-value utilisation to increase the economic benefits of enterprises,it is urgent to zealously design a reasonable and comprehensive utilisation technologies with simple operational processes,strong adaptability and economic benefits. | Xiaodong Liu Zhengwei Jin Yunhuan Jing Panpan Fan Zhili Qi Weiren Bao Jiancheng Wang Xiaohui Yan Peng Lv Lianping Dong | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，7： | 21 |
| 3 | Investigation on the development of deep space exploration显示文摘Deep space exploration is the term used for the exploration of the Moon and the celestial bodies or space beyond the Moon, which is an important part of human space activities. Firstly, the development of deep space exploration (not including the Moon) during the last few decades is summarized. Secondly, the development trend of different space countries and regions is analyzed. Then the experience and enlightenment of deep space exploration are briefly discussed. Some suggestions for China's future deep space exploration are given in the end. | WU WeiRen LIU WangWang QIAO Dong JIE DeGang | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，4： | 14 |
| 4 | Comparative studies on histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary of different ploidy level fishes显示文摘The histological and ultra-structure of the pituitary in diploid red crucian carp(Carassius auratus red var.),triploid crucian carp and allotetraploid hybrids within and after the breeding season were comparatively studied.The result showed that there were six endocrine cell types in the pituitary of these three kinds of fishes,and there was an obvious difference in cell size among different ploidy level fishes.As for the same type of pituitary cells,the cell size was increased gradually with the in- creasing ploidy level.In the breeding season,the allotetraploid hybrids had higher proportion of go- nadotropin cells(GTH)than triploids,and the triploids had higher proportion of GTH than diploids.The results were related to the earlier sexual maturity of allotetraploid hybrids and sterility of triploid cru- cian carp.On the other hand,among the three kinds of fishes,the proportion of somatotropin(STH) cells in triploids crucian carp was the highest,whereas that in allotetraploid hybrids was the lowest. The results might be connected with the faster growth rate of triploids and slower growth rate of al- lotetraploid hybrids.In addition,in GTH cells of meso-adenohypophysis after the breeding season, there were many endocrine particles in triploids,while those endocrine particles were released from the cells in allotetraploids and diploids.This result showed that the sterility of triploid crucian carp might be related to the hormone which was not released from the GTH cells.In a word,the present study indicated that the differences in the structure of pituitary among different ploidy level fishes contributed to their difference in the growth rate and gonadal development. | LONG Yu LIU Shaojun HUANG Weiren ZHANG Jian SUN Yuandong ZHANG Chun CHEN Song LIU Jinghui LIU Yun | 2006 | Science China(Life Sciences)2006，49，5： | 13 |
| 5 | Pre-LOI trajectory maneuvers of the CHANG'E-2 libration point mission显示文摘This paper addresses pre-LOI (before Lissajous orbit insertion) trajectory maneuvers for the libration point mission of CHANG'E-2,which is the first Chinese satellite to fly to the Sun-Earth L2 libration point and the first satellite ever to fly to the L2 point from lunar orbit.First,a transfer trajectory for the mission is designed based on InterPlanetary Superhighway theory under the constraint of the remaining propellant,TT&C (telemetry,track and command) and sunlight conditions.The effects of trajectory maneuver errors on the mission are also analyzed.Second,based on the analysis results,the article investigates the trajectory maneuver schemes for the lunar escape and transfer trajectory maneuvers employing mathematical models and operational strategies.The mission status based on our maneuver schemes is then presented,and the results of control operation and corresponding analysis are provided in detail.Finally,the future trajectory maneuver in the Lissajous orbit is discussed.According to the analysis of the CHANG'E-2 TT&C data,the trajectory maneuver schemes proposed in the article work properly and efficiently. | WU WeiRen LIU Yong LIU Lei ZHOU JianLiang TANG GeShi CHEN YongZhi | 2012 | Science China(Information Sciences)2012，55，6： | 12 |
| 6 | Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma: strategies for combinatorial intervention显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the most frequent primary liver cancer,leading to 74.6 thousand deaths annually.The prognosis of HCC over the last few decades has remained unsatisfactory,and over half of patients with early-stage HCC develop recurrence by the time of follow-up.Immunotherapeutic intervention has emerged as a novel,effective treatment to delay the progression of aggressive tumors and suppress tumor recurrence and metastasis.However,few clinical immunotherapy trials have been conducted in HCC patients,and there is an unmet need for novel therapeutic strategies.The combination of conventional treatments with specific immunotherapeutic approaches may dramatically improve the efficacy of HCC treatment and the clinical outcome of HCC patients.In this review,we briefly summarize immunotherapy strategies and discuss new advances in combined immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of patients with liver cancer. | Mengxin Tian Yinghong Shi Weiren Liu Jia Fan | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，9： | 12 |
| 7 | 非弹性应变恢复法三维地应力测量——汶川地震科学钻孔中的应用显示文摘随着地球动力学和深部能源开发利用等研究工作的不断深入,深部应力状态的研究越来越重要,但目前尚没有即经济又简便完善的深部三维地应力测量方法.基于岩芯的非弹性应变恢复法是近年来发展起来的深部三维应力测量方法.汶川5·12地震后,中国大陆首次将该方法应用于科学钻孔的地应力测量.本文详细介绍了这一方法现场测量岩芯非弹性恢复应变的基本流程,并对此法测量的岩芯首次开展了岩石非弹性应变恢复柔量的实验研究,将现场非弹性应变测量与室内非弹性应变恢复柔量实验相结合,确定汶川地震科学钻一号孔(WFSD-1)1173 m处最大主应力方向为NW64°,实测得到岩石的剪切与体积模式非弹性应变恢复柔量的比值为2.9,计算得到最大、中间和最小主应力分别为43,28和25 MPa.结合龙门山地区其他方法的地应力测量结果,表明龙门山断裂带从NE到SW现今最大主应力作用方向表现为由EW→NEE→NWW的变化规律,龙门山断裂带现今地应力作用方向的分段性特征与5·12汶川地震时龙门山断裂带西南段逆冲为主,东北段走滑为主的运动特点相吻合,研究结果对于认识汶川地震的动力学机制具有一定参考价值. | 孙东生 WeiRen LIN 崔军文 王红才 陈群策 马寅生 王连捷 | 2014 | 中国科学:地球科学2014，44，3： | 12 |
| 8 | Effect of different sources and levels of iron in the diet of sows on iron status in neonatal pigs显示文摘This study was conducted to determine the effects of maternal dietary supplementation of ferrous glycine chelate(Fe-Gly) and ferrous sulfate monohydrate(FeSO_4·H_2O) on the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents, red blood cells(RBC), hemoglobin concentration(HGB) and hematocrit(HCT) in blood, as well as ferritin(Fn), serum iron(SI), and total iron binding capacity(TIBC) in serum of newborn piglets.Forty-five sows(Landrace × Large white, mean parity 3 to 4, no significant differences in BW) were randomly allotted to 9 treatments(n=5 sows/treatment): control(basal diet with no Fe supplementation), the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, 110 or 140 mg Fe/kg as Fe-Gly, and the basal diet supplemented with 50, 80, 110 or 140 mg Fe/kg as FeSO_4·H_2O.The neonatal piglets(n=45) were used to determine the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents and blood biochemical indices.Compared with the control, the relative weight of spleen and kidney were significantly increased(P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups.The iron contents in liver,spleen, kidney and femur were also found increased(P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups.The RBC(d 1 and 21),HGB(d 1 and 21) and HCT(d 1 and 21) in blood and Fn(d 1) and SI(d 1 and 21) significantly increased(P < 0.05), but the TIBC(d 1 and 21) in serum decreased(P < 0.05) in the Fe-Gly groups.Moreover, the kidney relative weight, iron content in liver, spleen, kidney and femur, RBC(d 1) and HGB(d 21) in blood, and SI(d 1)in the Fe-Gly groups increased(P < 0.05) compared with the FeSO_4·H_2O treatment.Linear and quadratic responses of the kidney relative weight, the iron content in liver, spleen, kidney and femur, RBC(d 1 and 21),HGB(d 1 and 21) and HCT(d 1 and 21) in whole blood, SI(d 1) and TIBC(d 1 and 21) in the Fe-Gly groups were observed(P < 0.05).Linear responses of Fn(d 1 and 21) and SI(d 21) in the Fe-Gly groups, and spleen relative weight, HCT(d 1), Fn(d 1) and TIBC(d 1 and 21) in the FeSO_4·H_2O groups were observed(P < 0.05).These finding suggest that Fe-Gly supplemented at the level of 110 mg/kg in the diet of sows in this experiment is superior to other forms of supplementation, based on HGB concentration, the relative organ weight, tissue iron contents and blood biochemical indices of piglets. | Yan Li Weiren Yang Donghua Dong Shuzhen Jiang Zaibin Yang Yuxi Wang | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，2： | 11 |
| 9 | Porosity and permeability evolution and evaluation in anisotropic porosity multiscale-multiphase-multicomponent structure显示文摘Based on the hybrid hypersingular integral equation-lattice Boltzmann methods (HHIE-LBM), the porosity and permeability evolution and evaluation process in anisotropic saturated porosity multiscale-multiphase-multicomponent (ASP-MS-MP-MC) structures under ultra high temperature and pressure conditions was analyzed on parallel CPU and GPU platforms. First, virtual physical models at multi-spatial scales (2 μm, 5 μm and 10 μm) were restructured by computerized microtomography technology and data. Second, using HHIE-LBM methods, the anisotropic porosity and permeability tensor at core level and pore level under ultra high temperature and pressure conditions were calculated. Third, the evolution and evaluation process of the porosity and permeability as a function of multi temporal spatial scales was investigated. Finally, the relationship between porosity and permeability and ASP-MS-MP-MC structures (micro-meso-macro-scale) was explored. | ZHU BoJing CHENG HuiHong QIAO YanChao LIU Chang SHI YaoLin ZHANG Kai SUN DongSheng LIN WeiRen | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，4： | 11 |
| 10 | Three-dimensional in situ stress determination by anelastic strain recovery and its application at the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Hole-1(WFSD-1)显示文摘In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development.However,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ stress.The Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR)method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ stresses.After the 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the ASR method was used for the first time in China's Mainland to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are investigated.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64°at a measured depth(MD)of 1173 m(vertical depth 1151 m)in WFSD-1.The ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was 2.9.And the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1are 43,28 and 25 MPa.Combined with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone,the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault zone.This change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake,which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast. | SUN DongSheng LIN WeiRen CUI JunWen WANG HongCai CHEN QunCe MA YinSheng WANG LianJie | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，6： | 10 |
| 11 | Impact of impregnation pressure on desulfurization performance of Zn-based sorbents supported on semi-coke显示文摘High-pressure impregnation, a new preparation method for sorbents to remove H2S from hot coal gas, is introduced in this paper. Semi-coke (SC) and ZnO is selected as the support and active component of sorbent, respectively. The sorbent preparation process includes high-pressure impregnation, filtration, ovendry and calcination. The aim of this research is to primarily study the effects of the impregnation pressure on physical properties and desulfurization ability of the sorbent. The desulfurization experiment was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 500°C and a simulated coal gas used in this work was composed of CO (33 vol%), H2 (39 vol%), H2S (300 ppm in volume), and N2 (balance). Experimental results show that the pore structure of the SC support can be improved effectively and ZnO active component can be uniformly dispersed on the support, with the small particle size of 10-500 nm. Sorbents prepared using high-pressure impregnation have better desulfurization capacity and their active components have higher utilization rate. P20-ZnSC sorbent, obtained by high-pressure impregnation at 20 atm, has the best desulfurization ability with a sulfur capacity of 7.54 g S/100g sorbent and a breakthrough time of 44 h. Its desulfurization precision and efficiency of removing H2S from the middle temperature gases can reach <1 ppm and >99.7%, respectively, before sorbent breakthrough. | Xianrong Zheng Weiren Bao Qingmai Jin Ruiyuan He Liping Chang Kechang Xie | 2012 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2012，21，1： | 10 |
| 12 | Backbone formulation algorithm in wireless sensor network based on cross-entropy method显示文摘In wireless sensor network,virtual backbone is a cost effective broadcasting method.Connected dominating set formation is proposed to construct a virtual backbone.However,it is NP-Hard to find a minimum connected dominating set in an arbitrary graph.In this paper,based on cross-entropy method,we present a novel backbone formulation algorithm(BFA-CE)in wireless sensor network.In BFA-CE,a maximal independent set is got at first and nodes in the independent set are required to get their action sets.Based on those action sets,a backbone is generated with the cross-entropy method.Simulation results show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the size of backbone network within a reasonable message overhead,and it has lower average node degree.This approach can be potentially used in designing efficient broadcasting strategy or working as a backup routing of wireless sensor network. | SHI Weiren JIANG Yisong ZHAO Ying | 2014 | Instrumentation2014，1，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Bottom water temperature measurements in the South China Sea,eastern Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean显示文摘文章报道了一批新的海底底水温度(BWT)数据,其中南海(SCS)158个站位、东印度洋(EIO)30个站位及西太平洋(WPO)37个站位。基于这批新的BWT数据,获得南海和西太平洋海域底水温度与水深经验关系,可为地球物理和物理海洋提供准确、可靠的海底温度边界。这将有助于海底油气资源调查与评估。同时,这批实测数据表明:1)水深超过3500m的海域,其底水温度在南海约为2.47℃,比东印度洋(~1.34℃)和西太平洋(~1.60℃)稍微偏高。这与大洋传送带模式所预测的情况比较吻合。该模式认为:低温高盐的海水,从北大西洋格陵兰岛和冰岛附近海域下沉到深层,然后向南流动,再与南极洲周围海域的低温高盐海水一同向北进入印度洋和太平洋。而南海是一个相对比较封闭的热带边缘海,其内部海水与印度洋和菲律宾海交换有限,导致海水温度整体高于印度洋和太平洋。2)台西南盆地水深在2700~3000m的部分站位,其底水温高达约3.00℃,明显高于其周边同水深海域底水温度(平均值约为2.33℃)。这可能是台西南盆地海底水热活动导致的结果。3)在东印度洋和西太平洋水深超过4800m海域,底水温度随着水压增大稍有升高,其升高率分别为10.6mK·MPa^(-1)和12.0mK·MPa^(-1)。这与理论估算的深层底水绝热压力温度梯度范围较为吻合。这也意味着东印度洋和西太平洋深层底水,主要由绝热自压作用导致其温度随着深度的增大而升高。 | YANG Xiaoqiu SHI Xiaobin ZHAO Junfeng YU Chuanhai GAO Hongfang CHEN Aihua LU Yuanzheng CEN Xianrong LIN Weiren ZENG Xin XU Hehua REN Ziqiang ZHOU Shengqi XU Ziying SUN Jinlong KAMIYA Nana LIN Jian | 2018 | 热带海洋学报2018，37，5： | 8 |
| 14 | Methods for mapping QTLs underlying endosperm traits based on random hybridization design显示文摘Several methods of interval mapping of QTLs underlying endosperm traits based on random hybridization designs and the triploid genetic model are proposed. The basic idea is: plants (or lines) from a population with known marker genotype information are randomly hybridized to generate a population of hybrid lines for endosperm QTL mapping; a mixture of seeds of each hybrid line is measured for the en- dosperm trait to get the mean of the line; then en- dosperm QTL mapping and effect estimation is per- formed using the endosperm trait means of hybrid lines and the marker genotype information of parental plants (or lines). The feasibility and efficiency of the methods are examined by computer simulations. Results show that the methods can precisely map endosperm QTLs and unbiasedly and efficiently es- timate the three effects (additive effect, first dominant effect, second dominant effect) of endosperm QTLs. | WEN Yongxian WU Weiren | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，16： | 7 |
| 15 | Desulfurization kinetics of ZnO sorbent loaded on semi-coke support for hot coal gas显示文摘Zn-based sorbent (Z20SC) prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearly detected in the outlet gas before 20 h breakthrough time.The effects of the main operational conditions and the particle size of Z20SC sorbent on its desulfurization performances sorbent were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the desulfurization kinetics of Z20SC sorbent removing H2 S from hot coal gas was calculated based on experimental data.Results showed that the conversion of Z20SC sorbent desulfurization reaction increased with the decrease of the particle size of the sorbent and the increases of gas volumetric flow rate,reaction temperature and H 2 S content in inlet gas.Z20SC sorbent obtained from hydrothermal synthesis by high-pressure impregnation possessed much larger surface area and pore volume than semi-coke support,and they were significantly reduced after the desulfurization reaction.The equivalent grain model was reasonably used to analyze experimental data,in which k s=4.382×10-3 exp(-8.270×103/RgT) and Dep=1.262×10-4exp(1.522×104/RgT).It suggests that the desulfurization reaction of the Z20SC sorbent is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction in the initial stage and later by the diffusion through the reacted sorbent layer. | Zhiwei Ma Xianrong Zheng Liping Chang Ruiyuan He Weiren Bao | 2012 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2012，21，5： | 7 |
| 16 | A review of recent researches on Bunsen reaction for hydrogen production via S–I water and H2S splitting cycles显示文摘The Bunsen reaction is the center reaction for both the sulfur–iodine water splitting cycle for hydrogen production and the novel hydrogen sulfide splitting cycle for hydrogen and sulfuric acid production from the sulfur-containing gases.This paper reviews the research progress of the Bunsen reaction in recent 10–15 years.Researches were initially focused on the optimization of the operating conditions of the conventional Bunsen reaction requiring excessive water and iodine to improve the products separation efficiency and to avoid the side reactions and iodine vapor deposition.Alternative methods including electrochemical methods,precipitation methods,and non-aqueous solvent methods had their respective advantages,but still faced challenges.In development of the technology of H2S splitting cycle,dissolving iodine in toluene solvent could render the Bunsen reaction to occur with the flowable I2 stream at ambient temperature such that the side reactions and iodine vaporization can be avoided and the corrosion hazard lessened.It also prevented the Bunsen reaction from using excessive iodine and water.The products from the Bunsen reaction including HI,H2SO4,H2O,and toluene could be directly electrolyzed. | Ke Zhang Weiren Bao Liping Chang Hui Wangg | 2019 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2019，28，6： | 7 |
| 17 | Cylindrical vector beam-excited frequency-tunable second harmonic generation in a plasmonic octamer显示文摘We report a method to tune the second harmonic generation(SHG) frequency of a metallic octamer by employing cylindrical vector beams as the excitation. Our method exploits the ability to spatially match the polarization state of excitations with the fundamental target plasmonic modes, enabling flexible control of the SHG resonant frequency.It is found that SHG of the octamer is enhanced over a broad band(400 nm) by changing the excitation from the linearly polarized Gaussian beam to radially and azimuthally polarized beams. More strikingly, when subjected to an azimuthally polarized beam, the SHG intensity of the octamer becomes 30 times stronger than that for the linearly polarized beam even in the presence of Fano resonance. | FAJUN XIAO WUYUN SHANG WEIREN ZHU LEI HAN MALIN PREMARATNE TING MEI JIANLIN ZHAO | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，3： | 6 |
| 18 | Genetic analysis and fine mapping of an enclosed panicle mutant esp2 in rice (Oryza sativa L.)显示文摘The phenomenon of panicle enclosure in rice is mainly caused by the shortening of uppermost internode.Elucidating the molecular mechanism of panicle enclosure will be helpful for solving the problem of panicle enclosure in male sterile lines and creating new germplasms in rice.We acquired a monogenic recessive enclosed panicle mutant,named as esp2 (enclosed shorter panicle 2),from the tissue culture progeny of indica rice cultivar Minghui-86.In the mutant,panicles were entirely enclosed by flag leaf sheaths and the uppermost internode was almost completely degenerated,but the other internodes did not have obvious changes in length.Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene,which could be steadily inherited and was not affected by genetic background.Apparently,ESP2 is a key gene for the development of uppermost internode in rice.Using an F 2 population of a cross between esp2 and a japonica rice cultivar Xiushui-13 as well as SSR and InDel markers,we fine mapped ESP2 to a 14-kb region on the end of the short arm of chromosome 1.According to the rice genome sequence annotation,only one intact gene exists in this region,namely,a putative phosphatidylserine synthase gene.Sequencing analysis on the mutant and the wild type indicated that this gene was inserted by a 5287-bp retrotransposon sequence.Hence,we took this gene as a candidate of ESP2.The results of this study will facilitate the cloning and functional analysis of ESP2 gene. | GUAN HuaZhong DUAN YuanLin LIU HuaQing CHEN ZhiWei ZHUO Ming ZHUANG LiJun QI WenMing PAN RunSen MAO DaMei ZHOU YuanChang WANG Feng WU WeiRen | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，14： | 6 |
| 19 | Overview of deep space laser communication显示文摘The deep space probe is a vital technology for observing and exploring the universe. It is thus intensifying as an aerospace research focus on an international scale. Despite improving the frequency band,the conventional microwave communication technique has difficulty satisfying the increased demand for the enormous volume of scientific data returning to the Earth. With a carrier frequency that is several orders of magnitude higher than the microwave, free-space optical communication is a robust and promising method for achieving both high bit rates and long distances in deep space communication. In this article, the history of this technology is summarized and the objective laws are formulated, while key techniques and development trends are analyzed. Finally, useful concepts and suggestions are proposed for the development of deep space laser communication in China. | Weiren WU Ming CHEN Zhe ZHANG Xiangnan LIU Yuhui DONG | 2018 | Science China(Information Sciences)2018，61，4： | 6 |
| 20 | Strategy for the mapping of interactive genes using bulked segregant analysis method and Mapmaker/Exp software显示文摘A qualitative trait is usually controlled by a single gene, but it may be sometimes controlled by two or even more genes. This phenomenon is called gene interaction. Rapidly searching for linked mo- lecular markers via bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and then constructing regional linkage map with Mapmaker/Exp has become a common approach to mapping single major genes. However, methods and computer programs developed for mapping single major genes cannot be simply applied to interactive genes because the genetic patterns of gene interac- tions are quite different from that of single-gene in- heritance. Up to now, experimental methods for quickly screening molecular markers linked to inter- active genes and statistical methods and corre- sponding computer softwares for simultaneously analyzing the linkage relationships of multiple mo- lecular markers to an interactive gene have not been available. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a strategy for mapping interactive genes using BSA and Mapmaker/Exp. We demonstrate that all interactive genes can be mapped by the 'BSA + Mapmaker/Exp' strategy using F2 generation (in a few cases, F3 generation is also needed). As BSA and Mapmaker/Exp have been broadly used in gene mapping studies and are well known by many re- searchers, the strategies proposed in this paper will be useful for practical researches. | WU Weiren HUANG Biguang | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，21： | 5 |
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