| 1 | 人工模拟降水条件下旱作农田土壤“Birch效应”及其响应机制显示文摘降水事件引起干土复湿刺激土壤CO_2,脉冲释放的现象被称为'Birch效应',其作用机制可能是降水刺激土壤'底物供给'增加或引起土壤'微生物胁迫'所致。为深入了解土壤'Birch效应'对降水格局改变的响应过程及内在机制,在冬小麦拔节期和夏闲期分别进行了不同降水量(1-32 mm)人工模拟降水实验,系统观测了降水后0-72 h土壤呼吸及土壤碳组分变化特征,结果表明:土壤呼吸随降水量的增大而增强,1-16 mm降水土壤呼吸峰值出现在降水后4h,而32 mm降水土壤呼吸峰值出现时间滞后了4 h。与较小降水量相比,较大的降水量能增加土壤呼吸但会推迟土壤呼吸峰值出现时间。土壤呼吸速率峰值(SRP)与降水量(P)呈幂相关(拔节期:SR-P=0.97P^(0.09),R^2=0.5,P<0.05;夏闲期:SR-P=1.07P^(0.09),R^2=0.98,P<0.01)。降水后72h累积CO_2释放量(CO_2-P)与降水量呈线性相关(拔节期:CO_2-P=0.03P+5.99,R^2=0.58,P<0.05;夏闲期:CO_2-P=0.11P+6.04,R^2=0.86,P<0.01)。土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数和降水量之间存在二次曲线关系(拔节期:Q_(10)=-0.007P^2+0.2P+0.7,R^2=0.32,R^2<0.05;夏闲期:Q_(10)=-0.01P^2+0.3P+0.2,R^2=0.86,P<0.01)。逐步回归分析表明,冬小麦拔节期所有降水量处理土壤呼吸与土壤微生物量碳相关性均达到显著水平(P<0.05),指示土壤'Birch效应'是由'微生物胁迫'所致。而在夏闲期,当降水量小于8 mm时土壤呼吸与微生物量碳相关性显著,即以微生物胁迫机制占主导;8 mm降水处理下土壤呼吸与氯仿熏蒸-K_2SO_4提取态有机碳相关性达到极显著水平,指示则为两种机制共同起作用,而当降水量大于16 mm时,土壤呼吸主要与可提取态有机碳显著相关,'Birch'效应转为以底物供给机制占主导。与夏闲期相比,冬小麦拔节期作物生长会削弱'Birch效应',并改变其响应机制。 | 陈荣荣 刘全全 王俊 刘文兆 Upendra M. Sainju | 2016 | 生态学报2016，36，2： | 18 |
| 2 | Soil Carbon and Nitrogen in Response to Perennial Bioenergy Grass, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization显示文摘Cover crop and nitrogen(N) fertilization may maintain soil organic matter under bioenergy perennial grass where removal of aboveground biomass for feedstock to produce cellulosic ethanol can reduce soil quality. We evaluated the effects of cover crops and N fertilization rates on soil organic carbon(C)(SOC), total N(STN), ammonium N(NH_4-N), and nitrate N(NO_3-N) contents at the0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm depths under perennial bioenergy grass from 2010 to 2014 in the southeastern USA. Treatments included unbalanced combinations of perennial bioenergy grass, energy cane(Saccharum spontaneum L.) or elephant grass(Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.), cover crop, crimson clover(Trifolium incarnatum L.), and N fertilization rates(0, 100, and 200 kg N ha^(-1)). Cover crop biomass and C and N contents were greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha^(-1) than in the treatment of energy cane and elephant grass. The SOC and STN contents at 0–5 and 5–15 cm were 9%–20% greater in the treatments of elephant grass with cover crop and with or without 100 kg N ha^(-1)than in most of the other treatments. The soil NO_3-N content at 0–5 cm was 31%–45% greater in the treatment of energy cane with cover crop and 100 kg N ha^(-1)than in most of the other treatments.The SOC sequestration increased from 0.1 to 1.0 Mg C ha^(-1)year^(-1)and the STN sequestration from 0.03 to 0.11 Mg N ha^(-1)year^(-1)from 2010 to 2014 for various treatments and depths. In contrast, the soil NH_4-N and NO_3-N contents varied among treatments,depths, and years. Soil C and N storages can be enriched and residual NO_3-N content can be reduced by using elephant grass with cover crop and with or without N fertilization at a moderate rate. | Upendra M. SAINJU Hari P. SINGH Bharat P. SINGH | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，2： | 2 |
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