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您的检索式：作者名="Timothy G.Gregoire"
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| 1 | Wood density and carbon concentration of coarse woody debris in native forests,Brazil显示文摘Background: With the objective of increasing knowledge on biomass and carbon stocks, and thus improving the accuracy of published estimates, the present study explored wood density and carbon concentration of coarse woody debris (diameter≥10) by decay class in a Seasonal Semi-deciduous Forest (SSF) area in the Atlantic Rain Forest and in a Cerrado sensu-stricto (CSS) area (Brazilian savanna), in Brazil. Two strata were identified in each area and ten sampling units were systematic located in each stratum. Data were collected according to the line intersect sampling method. Each tallied element, the diameter, length, and perpendicular width were recorded at the transect intersection point. Each element was classified into a decay class, and the species was identified when possible. Sample discs were cut from each element, from which cylindrical samples were extracted and oven-dried to determine density. These cylinders were milled and analyzed using a LECO-C632 to determine carbon concentration as percentage of mass. Results: In both areas, wood density decreased as the decay class increased. For SSF the mean carbon concentration of all analyzed samples was 49.8% with a standard deviation of 3.3, with a range of 27.9–57.0% across 506 observations. For CSS the general mean was 49.6% with a standard deviation of 2.6, with a range of 31.2–54.5% over 182 observations. Carbon concentration barely change between decay classes. Carbon stock was estimated at 3.3 and 0.7 MgC/ha for the SSF and the CSS, respectively. Similar results were obtained when using a 50% conversion constant. Conclusions: The present study concludes that wood density decreases as the woody debris becomes more decomposed, a pattern found in many previous studies. The carbon concentration, however, barely changes between decay classes, and that result is consistent with most of the literature reviewed. Our carbon concentrations are very close to the 50% used most commonly as a conversion factor. We strongly recommend that future studies of CWD evaluate wood density and carbon concentration by decay class to address the uncertainty still found in the literature. | Andrea B.Moreira Timothy G.Gregoire Hilton Thadeu Z.do Couto | 2019 | Forest Ecosystems2019，6，2： | 3 |
| 2 | An approximate point-based alternative for the estimation of variance under big BAF sampling显示文摘Background:A new variance estimator is derived and tested for big BAF(Basal Area Factor)sampling which is a forest inventory system that utilizes Bitterlich sampling(point sampling)with two BAF sizes,a small BAF for tree counts and a larger BAF on which tree measurements are made usually including DBHs and heights needed for volume estimation.Methods:The new estimator is derived using the Delta method from an existing formulation of the big BAF estimator as consisting of three sample means.The new formula is compared to existing big BAF estimators including a popular estimator based on Bruce’s formula.Results:Several computer simulation studies were conducted comparing the new variance estimator to all known variance estimators for big BAF currently in the forest inventory literature.In simulations the new estimator performed well and comparably to existing variance formulas.Conclusions:A possible advantage of the new estimator is that it does not require the assumption of negligible correlation between basal area counts on the small BAF factor and volume-basal area ratios based on the large BAF factor selection trees,an assumption required by all previous big BAF variance estimation formulas.Although this correlation was negligible on the simulation stands used in this study,it is conceivable that the correlation could be significant in some forest types,such as those in which the DBH-height relationship can be affected substantially by density perhaps through competition.We derived a formula that can be used to estimate the covariance between estimates of mean basal area and the ratio of estimates of mean volume and mean basal area.We also mathematically derived expressions for bias in the big BAF estimator that can be used to show the bias approaches zero in large samples on the order of 1n where n is the number of sample points. | Thomas B.Lynch Jeffrey H.Gove Timothy G.Gregoire Mark J.Ducey | 2021 | Forest Ecosystems2021，8，3： | 0 |
| 3 | A note on the estimation of variance for big BAF sampling显示文摘Background:The double sampling method known as“big BAF sampling”has been advocated as a way to reduce sampling effort while still maintaining a reasonably precise estimate of volume.A well-known method for variance determination,Bruce’s method,is customarily used because the volume estimator takes the form of a product of random variables.However,the genesis of Bruce’s method is not known to most foresters who use the method in practice.Methods:We establish that the Taylor series approximation known as the Delta method provides a plausible explanation for the origins of Bruce’s method.Simulations were conducted on two different tree populations to ascertain the similarities of the Delta method to the exact variance of a product.Additionally,two alternative estimators for the variance of individual tree volume-basal area ratios,which are part of the estimation process,were compared within the overall variance estimation procedure.Results:The simulation results demonstrate that Bruce’s method provides a robust method for estimating the variance of inventories conducted with the big BAF method.The simulations also demonstrate that the variance of the mean volume-basal area ratios can be computed using either the usual sample variance of the mean or the ratio variance estimators with equal accuracy,which had not been shown previously for Big BAF sampling.Conclusions:A plausible explanation for the origins of Bruce’s method has been set forth both historically and mathematically in the Delta Method.In most settings,there is evidently no practical difference between applying the exact variance of a product or the Delta method—either can be used.A caution is articulated concerning the aggregation of tree-wise attributes into point-wise summaries in order to test the correlation between the two as a possible indicator of the need for further covariance augmentation. | Jeffrey H.Gove Timothy G.Gregoire Mark J.Ducey Thomas B.Lynch | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，4： | 0 |
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