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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Adaptation of HIV-1to human leukocyte antigen class I显示文摘 | Kawashima Y Pfafferott K Frater J Matthews P Payne R Addo M Gatanaga H Fujiwara M Hachiya A Koizumi H Kuse N Oka S Duda A Prendergast A Crawford H Leslie A Brumme Z Brumme C Allen T Brander C Kaslow R Tang J Hunter E Allen S Mulenga J Branch S Roach T John M Mallal S Ogwu A Shapiro R Prado J G Fidler S Weber J Pybus O G Klenerman P Ndung'u T Phillips R Heckerman D Harrigan P R Walker B D Takiguchi M Goulder P | 2009 | Nature2009，458，7238： | 1 |
| 4 | Molecular biologymechanisms in the radiation Induction of pulmonary injury syndromes: interrelationship between the alveolar macrophage and the septal fibroblast显示文摘 | Rubin P Finkelstein J Shapiro D | 1992 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1992，24，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Systems for knowledge discovery in databases显示文摘 | MATHEUS C J CHAN P K PIATETSKY- SHAPIRO G | 1993 | IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering1993，5，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Genetic and experimental evidence for cross -species infection by swine hepatitis E virus显示文摘 | Meng X J Halbur P G Shapiro M S | 1998 | J Virol1998，72，： | 1 |
| 7 | Genome, transcriptome, and secretome analysis of wood decay fungus Postia placenta supports unique mechanisms of lignocellulose conversion 显示文摘 | Martinez D Challacombe J Morgenstern 1 Hibbett D Schmoll M Kubicek CP Ferreira P Ruiz-Duenas FJ Martinez AT Kersten P Hammel KE Wymelenberg AV Gaskell J Lindquist E Sabat G BonDurant SS Larrondo LF Canessa P Vicuna R Yadav J Doddapaneni H Subramanian V Pisabarro AG Lavin JL Oguiza JA Master E Henrissat B Coutinho PM Harris P Magnuson JK Baker SE Bruno K Kenealy W Hoegger PJ Kties U Ramaiya P kucas S Salamov A Shapiro H Tu H Chee CL Misra M Xie G Teter S Yaver D James T Mokrejs M Pospisek M Grigoriev IV Brettin T Rokhsar D Berka R Cullen D | 2009 | PNAS2009，106，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Practical Modeling for Resource Management 显示文摘 | Benders P Northrup W Shapiro J | 1981 | Harvard Business Review1981，59，2： | 1 |
| 9 | SARPs: a family of secreted apoptosis-related proteins 显示文摘 | Melkonyan H S Chang W C Shapiro J P | 1997 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA1997，94，13： | 1 |
| 10 | Inhaled nitric oxide in acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot randomized controlled study 显示文摘 | Troncy E Collet J P Shapiro S | 1998 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med1998，157，51： | 1 |
| 11 | Use of plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration to aid in the diagnosis of heart failure显示文摘 | SHAPIRO B P CHEN H H BURNETT J C Jr | 2003 | Mayo Clin Proc2003，78，： | 1 |
| 12 | MMP12,lung function, and COPD in high risk populations 显示文摘 | Hunninghake G M Cho M H Tesfaigzi Y Soto - Quiros M E Avila L Lasky - Su J Stidley C Melen E Soderhall C Hallberg J Kull I KercJ Svartengren M Pershagen G Wickman M Lange C Demeo D L Hersh C P Klanderman B J Raby B A Sparrow D Shapiro S D Silverman E K Litonjua A A Weiss S T Celedon J C | 2009 | New England Journal of Medicine2009，361，27： | 1 |
| 13 | Molecular biology mechanisms in the radiation inductionofpulmonary injury syn&omes:interrelationshipbetwocn the alveolar macrophage and the septal fibroblast显示文摘 | Rubin P Finkelstein J Shapiro D | 1992 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys1992，24，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis E virus显示文摘 | MENG X J HALBUR P G SHAPIRO M S | 1998 | J Virol1998，72，12： | 1 |
| 15 | PET responseguided treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma:a review of the evidence and active clinical trials显示文摘 | Aridgides P Bogart J Shapiro A | 2011 | Adv Hematol2011，2011，30： | 1 |
| 16 | The murine Xe169 gene escapes X-inactivation like its human homologue显示文摘 | Salido E C Yen P H Mohandas T K Heng H H Tsui L C Park J Chapman V M Shapiro L J | 1994 | Nat Genet1994，7，： | 1 |
| 17 | Genetic and experimental evidence for cross-species infection by swine hepatitis E virus显示文摘 | Meng X J Halbur P G Shapiro M S | 1998 | Virol1998，72，： | 1 |
| 18 | HDTrans: a low-overhead dynamic translator显示文摘 | Sridhar S Shapiro J S Bungale P P | 2007 | ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News2007，35，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Apoptosis in C3H/lot 1/2 mouse embrymic cells:Evidence for internucleasmal DNA modification in the absence of double strand cleavage显示文摘 | Tomei L D Shapiro J P Cope F O | 1993 | Proc Nate Acad Sci USA1993，90，： | 1 |
| 20 | Cloning and expression of the mouse pseudoautosemal steroid sulphatase geae (Sts)显示文摘 | Li X M Yen P H Martin N Mohandas T K Shapiro L J | 1996 | Nature Genet1996，13，： | 1 |
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