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| 1 | Crustal structure of the northwestern sub-basin, South China Sea: Results from a wide-angle seismic experiment显示文摘The crustal structure of the northwestern sub-basin area of the South China Sea was modeled by inverting a wide-angle seismic survey line across the entire region and on both sides of its bounding continental margins. The survey line extended over 484 km. A total of 14 Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) were deployed at intervals of 30 km to record air-gun array sources with a combined volume of 5160 in 3 . The crustal velocity structure of the northwestern sub-basin area was acquired through the integration of multi-channel seismic data. OBS data were processed and modeled initially using ray tracing inversion techniques. Results indicate that crustal thickness under the continental slope decreases from 21 to 11 km, crustal thickness of the northwestern sub-basin is 7.7 km, and the depth to the Moho ascends from 21 km under the upper continental slope to 11 km under the middle basin. The crust of the northwestern sub-basin is similar to that of the eastern sub-basin in its oceanic crustal structure. This structure has a thicker layer 1 (sedimentary layer) and a thinner layer 2. These characteristics are especially clear in the eastern sub-basin, which differs somewhat from typical oceanic crust. The tectonic geometry and velocity structure of the northwestern sub-basin and its margins comprise a symmetrical conjugate and indicate a pure shear mode with regard to the continental margin rifting mechanism. We did not find clear seismic signals from high velocity layers under the lower crust of the continental margin in the northern part of the northwestern sub-basin, which provides new evidence for the idea that the western part of the northern continental margin of the South China Sea constitutes nonvolcanic crust. Because the seafloor spreading period of the northwestern sub-basin was short, layer 2 might have experienced asymmetrical basalt magma flows, which may have blurred the magnetic anomaly lineations of the northwestern sub-basin. | WU ZhenLi LI JiaBiao RUAN AiGuo LOU Hai DING WeiWei NIU XiongWei LI XiBing | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，1： | 19 |
| 2 | Crustal Structure across the Northwestern Margin of South China Sea:Evidence for Magma-poor Rifting from a Wide-angle Seismic Profile显示文摘我们从宽角度的地震侧面在 OBS2006 期间在华南海(SCS ) 的西北部分获得了的 484 km 的现在的结果航行。沿着一根以前获得的多信道的地震的线(SO4918 ) 跑的线穿过北边缘的大陆人斜坡,华南海的西北 Subbasin (NWSB ) , Zhongsha 山岳并且部分华南海的海洋的盆。在 13 张海洋底部测震表上记录的地震的节被用来从外壳的层识别测定阶段并且也从外壳披风边界(莫霍) 反映了阶段。用一个简单开始模型的 traveltimes 的倒置在学习区域揭示外壳的图象。速度模型证明在大陆人斜坡下面的外壳的厚度在 14 和 23 km 之间。线的大陆人部分被描绘由轻轻向陆地披风高举并且突然的 oceanward。在更低的外壳中的速度不超过 6.9 km/s。与新数据,我们能在线的地点排除高速度的更低的外壳的身体(在 7.0 km/s 上面的速度) 。我们断定华南海边缘的这部分由岩浆穷人 rifting 发展了。两个都, NWSB 和西南亚盆(SWSB ) 与在 5 和 7 km 之间的外壳的厚度揭示为海洋的外壳典型的速度。两者之间的 Zhongsha 山岳极其被拉长, 610 仅仅 km 大陆人外壳离开了。外壳的速度在 6.5 km/s 下面;可能显示更低的外壳的缺席。多信道的地震侧面证明 Yitongansha 在斜坡区域和 Zhongsha 山岳高举仅仅温和地被使变形。当僵硬大陆堵住哪个充当了随后导致西北亚盆的形成的主要裂缝的裂缝肩膀,我们考虑了他们。延期主要被提供由一可锻降低外壳的流动,它可能极其被稀释了并且在传播阶段期间流进海洋的盆。我们沿着北边缘比较了外壳的结构并且发现了东方西方变厚在大陆斜坡下面的外壳的趋势。这可能被沿着大陆人边缘传播的东方西方海地板贡献。 | DING Weiwei Michael SCHNABEL Dieter FRANKE RUAN Aiguo WU Zhenli | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，4： | 12 |
| 3 | Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary characteristics and extension model of the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea显示文摘Based on the interpretations of three seismic profiles and one wide-angle seismic profile across the Northwest Sub-basin,South China Sea.stratigraphic sequences,deformation characteristics and an extension model for this sub-basin have been worked out.Three tectonic-stratigraphic units are determined.Detailed analyses of extension show that the event occurred mainly during the Paleogene and resulted in the formation of half-grabens or grabens distributed symmetrically around the spreading center.Sediments are characterized by chaotic and discontinuous reflectors,indicating clastic sediments. Farther to the southwest,the sub-basin features mainly continental rifting instead of sea-floor spreading. The rifting would have been controlled by the shape of the massif and developed just along the northern edge of the Zhongsha-Xisha Block,rather than joined the Xisha Trough.After 25 Ma.a southward ridge jump triggered the opening of the Southwest Sub-basin.The NW-directed stress caused by the sea-floor spreading of the Northwest Sub-basin may have prevented the continuous opening of the sub-basin.After that the Northwest Sub-basin experienced thermal cooling and exhibited broad subsidence.The deep crustal structure shown by the velocity model from a wide-angle seismic profile is also symmetrical around the spreading center,which indicates that the Northwest Sub-basin might have opened in a pure shear model. | Weiwei Ding Mingbi Li Lihong Zhao Aiguo Ruan Zhenli Wu | 2011 | Geoscience Frontiers2011，2，4： | 9 |
| 4 | Passive seismic experiment and ScS wave splitting in the southwestern subbasin of South China Sea显示文摘The seismic experiment of 3D array of OBS in the southwestern sub-basin of the South China Sea(SCS) is briefly introduced in this paper.The data analysis of broadband OBS shows that totally 93 earthquakes with magnitude of Ms 6.0-6.9 and 10 earthquakes with magnitude above Ms 7.0 were recorded in high quality during this experiment,especially the catastrophic earthquake Ms 9.0 occurred in the east sea area of Japan on March 11,2011.The anisotropy parameters inversion of ScS wave of four events above Ms 7.0 indicates that the fast direction of shear wave is N58°E parallel to the ceased spreading ridge of the southwestern sub-basin of SCS(the slow direction is S35°E perpendicular to the spreading ridge),which means the spreading ridge is under compressing stress at present and the cessation of seafloor spreading is related to such stress field as well. | RUAN AiGuo LI JiaBiao LEE ChaoShing QIU XueLin PAN ShaoJun | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，25： | 9 |
| 5 | The morphotectonics and its evolutionary dynamics of the central Southwest Indian Ridge (49° to 51°E)显示文摘The morphotectonic features and their evolution of the central Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR)are discussed on the base of the high-resolution full-coverage bathymetric data on the ridge between 49°–51°E.A comparative analysis of the topographic features of the axial and flank area indicates that the axial topography is alternated by the ridge and trough with en echelon pattern and evolved under a spatial-temporal migration especially in 49°–50.17°E.It is probably due to the undulation at the top of the mantle asthenosphere,which is propagating with the mantle flow.From 50.17°to 50.7°E,is a topographical high terrain with a crust much thicker than the global average of the oceanic crust thickness.Its origin should be independent of the spreading mechanism of ultra-slow spreading ridges.The large numbers of volcanoes in this area indicate robust magmatic activity and may be related to the Crozet hot spot according to RMBA(residual mantle Bouguer anomaly).The different geomorphological feature between the north and south flanks of the ridge indicates an asymmetric spreading,and leading to the development of the OCC(oceanic core complex).The tectonic activity of the south frank is stronger than the north and is favorable to develop the OCC.The first found active hydrothermal vent in the SWIR at 37°47′S,49°39′E is thought to be associated with the detachment fault related to the OCC. | LIANG Yuyang LI Jiabiao LI Shoujun RUAN Aiguo NI Jianyu YU Zhiteng ZHU Lei | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，12： | 7 |
| 6 | Seismic phases from the Moho and its implication on the ultraslow spreading ridge显示文摘The Moho interface provides critical evidence for crustal thickness and the mode of oceanic crust accretion.The seismic Moho interface has not been identified yet at the magma-rich segments(46°–52°E)of the ultraslow spreading Southwestern Indian Ridge(SWIR).This paper firstly deduces the characteristics and domains of seismic phases based on a theoretical oceanic crust model.Then,topographic correction is carried out for the OBS record sections along Profile Y3Y4 using the latest OBS data acquired from the detailed 3D seismic survey at the SWIR in 2010.Seismic phases are identified and analyzed,especially for the reflected and refracted seismic phases from the Moho.A 2D crustal model is finally established using the ray tracing and travel-time simulation method.The presence of reflected seismic phases at Segment 28 shows that the crustal rocks have been separated from the mantle by cooling and the Moho interface has already formed at zero age.The 2D seismic velocity structure across the axis of Segment 28 indicates that detachment faults play a key role during the processes of asymmetric oceanic crust accretion. | ZHANG Jiazheng ZHAO Minghui QIU Xuelin LI Jiabiao RUAN Aiguo | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，12： | 5 |
| 7 | Time correction of the ocean bottom seismometers deployed at the southwest Indian ridge using ambient noise cross-correlation显示文摘Seismic monitoring using ocean bottom seismometers(OBS) is an efficient method for investigating earthquakes in mid-ocean ridge far away from land. Clock synchronization among the OBSs is difficult without direct communication because electromagnetic signals cannot propagate efficiently in water. Time correction can be estimated through global positioning system(GPS) synchronization if clock drift is linear before and after the deployment. However, some OBSs in the experiments at the southwest Indian ridge(SWIR) on the Chinese DY125-34 cruise had not been re-synchronized from GPS after recovery. So we attempted to estimate clock drift between each station pairs using time symmetry analysis(TSA) based on ambient noise cross-correlation. We tested the feasibility of the TSA method by analyzing daily noise cross-correlation functions(NCFs) that extract from the data of another OBS experiment on the Chinese DY125-40 cruise with known clock drift and the same deployment site. The results suggest that the NCFs' travel time of surface wave between any two stations are symmetrical and have an opposite growing direction with the date. The influence of different band-pass filters,different components and different normalized methods was discussed. The TSA method appeared to be optimal for the hydrophone data within the period band of 2–5 s in dozens of km-scale interstation distances. A significant clock drift of ~2 s was estimated between OBSs sets through linear regression during a 108-d deployment on the Chinese cruise DY125-34. Time correction of the OBS by the ambient noise cross-correlation was demonstrated as a practical approach with the appropriate parameters in case of no GPS re-synchronization. | LIU Yunlong LIU Cai TAO Chunhui YAO Huajian QIU Lei WANG Ao RUAN Aiguo WANG Hanchuang ZHOU Jianping LI Huaiming DONG Chuanwan | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，5： | 5 |
| 8 | The deep structure of the Duanqiao hydrothermal field at the Southwest Indian Ridge显示文摘Polymetalic sulfide is the main product of sea-floor hydrothermal venting, and has become an important sea-floor mineral resources for its rich in many kinds of precious metal elements. Since 2007, a number of investigations have been carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association(COMRA)cruises(CCCs) along the Southwest Indian Ridge(SWIR). In 2011, the COMRA signed an exploration contract of sea-floor polymetallic sulfides of 10 000 km2 on the SWIR with the International Seabed Authority. Based on the multibeam data and shipborne gravity data obtained in 2010 by the R/V Dayang Yihao during the leg 6 of CCCs21, together with the global satellite surveys, the characteristics of gravity anomalies are analyzed in the Duanqiao hydrothermal field(37°39′S, 50°24′E). The 'subarea calibration' terrain-correcting method is employed to calculate the Bouguer gravity anomaly, and the ocean bottom seismometer(OBS) profile is used to constrain the two-dimensional gravity anomaly simulation. The absent Moho in a previous seismic model is also calculated.The results show that the crustal thickness varies between 3 and 10 km along the profile, and the maximum crustal thickness reaches up to 10 km in the Duanqiao hydrothermal field with an average of 7.5 km. It is by far the most thicker crust discovered along the SWIR. The calculated crust thickness at the Longqi hydrothermal field is approximately 3 km, 1 km less than that indicated by seismic models, possibly due to the outcome of an oceanic core complex(OCC). | SUN Chaofeng WU Zhaocai TAO Chunhui RUAN Aiguo ZHANG Guoyin GUO Zhikui HUANG Enxian | 2018 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2018，37，3： | 2 |
| 9 | Inversion of teleseismic waves at Shidao Seismographic Station显示文摘 | RUAN Aiguo LI Jiabiao HAO Tianyao WU Qingju XU Yi | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Oceanic crustal structure and tectonic origin of the southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge in the Philippine Sea显示文摘A new high-resolution velocity model of the southern Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR) was derived from an activesource wide-angle seismic reflection/refraction profile. The result shows that the KPR crust can be divided into the upper crust with the P-wave velocity less than 6.1 m/s, and lower crust with P-wave velocity between 6.1 km/s and 7.2 km/s. The crustal thickness of the KPR reaches 12.0 km in the center, which gradually decreases to 5.0–6.0 km at sides. The velocity structure of the KPR is similar to the structures of the adjacent West Philippine Basin and Parece Vela Basin(PVB), indicating a typical oceanic crust. Isostatic analysis shows that some regional compensation occurs during the loading of the KPR, which implies that the KPR was built mainly by magmatism during the splitting of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc and the following back-arc seafloor spreading of the PVB during30–28 Ma BP. The absence of the thick middle crust(6.0–6.5 km/s) and high velocity lower-crustal layers(7.2–7.6 km/s) suggest that arc magmatism plays a less important role in the KPR formation. | Xiongwei Niu Pingchuan Tan Weiwei Ding Wei Wang Yao Wei Xiaodong Wei Aiguo Ruan Jie Zhang Chunyang Wang Yong Tang Jiabiao Li | 2022 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2022，41，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Crustal structure and variation along the southern part of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge显示文摘As an interoceanic arc,the Kyushu-Palau Ridge(KPR)is an exceptional place to study the subduction process and related magmatism through its interior velocity structure.However,the crustal structure and its nature of the KPR,especially the southern part with limited seismic data,are still in mystery.In order to unveil the crustal structure of the southern part of the KPR,this study uses deep reflection/refraction seismic data recorded by 24 ocean bottom seismometers to reconstruct a detailed P-wave velocity model along the ridge.Results show strong alongridge variations either on the crustal velocity or the thickness of the KPR.P-wave velocity model is featured with(1)a crustal thickness between 6–12 km,with velocity increases from 4.0 km/s to 7.0 km/s from top to bottom;(2)high gradient(~1 s^(-1))in the upper crust but low one(<0.2 s^(-1))in the lower crust;(3)a slow mantle velocity between 7.2 km/s and 7.6 km/s in the uppermost mantle;and(4)inhomogenous velocity anomalies in the lower crust beneath seamounts.By comparing with the mature arc in the Izu-Bonin-Mariana arc in the east,this study suggests the southern part of KPR is a thicken oceanic crust rather than a typical arc crust.The origin of low velocities in the lower crust and upper mantle may be related with crustal differentiation,which implies advanced crustal evolution from normal oceanic crust to partly thicken oceanic crust.High velocities in the lower crust are related to the difference in magmatism. | Xiaodong Wei Weiwei Ding Aiguo Ruan Jie Zhang Xiongwei Niu Jiabiao Li Yong Tang | 2022 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2022，41，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Mantle flow underneath the South China Sea revealed by seismic anisotropy显示文摘It has long been established that plastic flow in the asthenosphere interacts constantly with the overlying lithosphere and plays a pivotal role in controlling the occurrence of geohazards such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.Unfortunately,accurately characterizing the direction and lateral extents of the mantle flow field is notoriously difficult,especially in oceanic areas where deployment of ocean bottom seismometers(OBSs)is expensive and thus rare.In this study,by applying shear wave splitting analyses to a dataset recorded by an OBS array that we deployed between mid-2019 and mid-2020 in the South China Sea(SCS),we show that the dominant mantle flow field has a NNW-SSE orientation,which can be attributed to mantle flow extruded from the Tibetan Plateau by the ongoing Indian-Eurasian collision.In addition,the results suggest that E-W oriented flow fields observed in South China and the Indochina Peninsula do not extend to the central SCS. | Fansheng Kong Rui Gao Stephen S.Gao Kelly H.Liu Weiwei Ding Xiongwei Niu Aiguo Ruan Pingchuan Tan Jianke Fan Shaoping Lu Zhengyi Tong Liqun Cheng Wenfei Gong Yanghui Zhao Jiabiao Li | 2023 | National Science Review2023，10，10： | 0 |
| 13 | Preliminary Results of the Seismicity Monitoring Experiment around the 2019 Mw5.4 Earthquake Epicenter in the Central South China Sea Basin显示文摘On September 5,2019,a moderate earthquake of Mw5.4 unexpectedly occurred in the apparently quiescent central basin of the South China Sea.We immediately carried out a seismicity monitoring experiment around the epicenter by using broadband ocean bottom seismometers(OBS)for the following three scientific targets.The first is knowing the earthquake seismogenic mechanism,fault structure and further development.The second is finding the role of the residual spreading ridge playing in earthquake processes and further revealing the deep structures of the ridge directional turning area.The third is confirming the existence and significance of the so called“Zhongnan fault”.This paper reports the preliminary results of the first phase experiment.Five OBSs were deployed for seismicity monitoring with a duration of 288 days,but only three were recovered.Micro-earthquakes were firstly detected by an automatic seismic phase picking algorithm and then were verified by analyzing their seismic phases and time-frequency characteristics in detail.A total of 21,68 and 89 microearthquakes were picked out from the three OBSs respectively within the distance of 30 km.The dominant frequency of these micro-earthquakes is 12-15 Hz,indicating tectonic fracturing.During the first two months after the mainshock the seismicity was relatively stronger,and micro-earthquakes were still occurring occasionally till the end of observation,indicating the epicenter area is active.We used Match&Locate method to locate 57 micro-earthquakes preliminarily.Their spatial distribution shows that the seismicity is developed mainly along the NE direction roughly parallel to the residual ridge with depth variations between 10-20 km. | Wenfei Gong Aiguo Ruan Xiongwei Niu Zhenjie Wang Pingchuan Tan Xiaodong Wei Wei Wang Zhengyi Tong Liqun Cheng Fansheng Kong Shaoping Lu Jianke Fan Weiwei Ding Jinyao Gao Chunguo Yang Jiabiao Li | 2024 | Journal of Earth Science2024，35，1： | 0 |
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