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| 1 | Circular smooth muscle contributes to esophageal shortening during peristalsis显示文摘AIM:To study the angle between the circular smooth muscle(CSM) and longitudinal smooth muscle(LSM) fibers in the distal esophagus.METHODS:In order to identify possible mechanisms for greater shortening in the distal compared to proximal esophagus during peristalsis,the angles between the LSM and CSM layers were measured in 9 cadavers.The outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis propria was exposed after stripping the outer serosa.The inner circular layer of the muscularis propria was then revealed after dissection of the esophageal mucosa and the underlying muscularis mucosa.Photographs of each specimen were taken with half of the open esophagus folded back showing both the outer longitudinal and inner circular muscle layers.Angles were measured every one cm for 10 cm proximal to the squamocolumnar junction(SCJ) by two independent investigators.Two human esophagi were obtained from organ transplant donors and the angles between the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers were measured using micro-computed tomography(micro CT) and Image J software.RESULTS:All data are presented as mean ± SE.The CSM to LSM angle at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to SCJ on the autopsy specimens was 69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 74.9 ± 3.09 degrees,P = 0.32.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ were statistically significantly lower than at 2,3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 82.58 ± 1.34 degrees,84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.013,P = 0.008,P = 0.004,P = 0.009 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at SCJ was also statistically significantly lower than the angles at 6,7 and 8 cm proximal to the SCJ,69.3 ± 4.62 degrees vs 80.18 ± 2.09 degrees,81.81 ± 1.75 degrees and 80.96 ± 2.04 degrees,P = 0.05,P = 0.02,P = 0.03 respectively.The CSM to LSM angle at 1 cm proximal to SCJ was statistically significantly lower than at 3,4 and 5 cm proximal to the SCJ,74.94 ± 3.09 degrees vs 84.04 ± 1.64 degrees,84.87 ± 1.04 degrees and 83.72 ± 1.42 degrees,P = 0.019,P = 0.008,P = 0.02 respectively.At 10 cm above SCJ the angle was 80.06 ± 2.13 degrees which is close to being perpendicular but less than 90 degrees.The CSM to LSM angles measured on virtual dissection of the esophagus and the stomach on micro CT at the SCJ and 1 cm proximal to the SCJ were 48.39 ± 0.72 degrees and 50.81 ± 1.59 degrees.Rather than the angle of the CSM and LSM being perpendicular in the esophagus we found an acute angulation between these two muscle groups throughout the lower 10 cm of the esophagus.CONCLUSION:The oblique angulation of the CSM may contribute to the significantly greater shortening of distal esophagus when compared to the mid and proximal esophagus during peristalsis. | Anil K Vegesna Keng-Yu Chuang Ramashesai Besetty Steven J Phillips Alan S Braverman Mary F Barbe Michael R Ruggieri Larry S Miller | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，32： | 7 |
| 2 | 美白牙膏去除牙外源性色斑的八周效果观察显示文摘目的 :评价含有 1%焦磷酸钠、7%三聚硫酸钠、0 .2 4 3 %氟化钠及 10 %高清洁二氧化硅的牙膏减少外源性牙色斑的效果。方法 :采用双盲、分层、二单位平行观察的临床研究方法。根据改良 L obene色斑指数 (L obene stain in-dex m ethod)均数、性别、吸烟习惯将 91名年龄为 18~ 5 5岁的研究对象平衡地分为两组 ,随机地分配使用试验或对照牙膏。于基线、第 4周及第 8周固定由一名检查者完成研究对象的色斑指数测定。结果 :86人完成了该研究。8周临床研究表明 ,使用美白牙膏的研究对象较对照组的牙齿色斑指数均数降低了 3 7.1% (P=0 .0 0 0 1)。结论 :与对照组牙膏相比 ,使用含有 1%焦磷酸钠、7%三聚硫酸钠、0 .2 4 3 %氟化钠及 10 %高清洁二氧化硅的牙膏可以有效地减少牙外源性色斑。 | 胡德渝 庞若愚 佘晓晴 雷德伦 Volpe A R DeVizio W Petrone M E Zhang Y P Chaknis P Miller S Miller J | 1999 | 华西口腔医学杂志1999，17，3： | 7 |
| 3 | Hyperspectral vegetation indices and novel algorithms for predicting green LAI of crop canopies: Modeling and validation in the context of precision agriculture显示文摘 | Driss Haboudane John R Miller Elizabeth Pattey Pablo J Zarco-Tejada Ian B Strachan | 2004 | Remote Sensing of Environment2004，，3： | 3 |
| 4 | The mechanism of enzyme in the collagen extracting 显示文摘 | MILLER E J RHODES R K | 1982 | Methods in enzymology1982，82，： | 2 |
| 5 | Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: Five-year results of a randomized trial显示文摘 | Richard M Green William M Abbott Teruo Matsumoto Jock R Wheeler Normand Miller Frank J Veith Sam Money H Edward Garrett | 2000 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2000，，： | 2 |
| 6 | Approximations of thermoelastic and visxoelastic control systems 显示文摘 | Burns J A Liu Z Y Miller R E | 1991 | Numer Functional Anal Optim1991，12，： | 2 |
| 7 | Technical outcomes of sentinel-lymph-node resection and conventional axillary-lymph-node dissection in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer: results from the NSABP B-32 randomised phase III trial显示文摘 | David N Krag Stewart J Anderson Thomas B Julian Ann M Brown Seth P Harlow Takamaru Ashikaga Donald L Weaver Barbara J Miller Lynne M Jalovec Thomas G Frazier R Dirk Noyes André Robidoux Hugh MC Scarth Denise M Mammolito David R McCready Eleftherios P Mamo | 2007 | Lancet Oncology2007，，10： | 2 |
| 8 | Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: an open-label phase 2a proof-of-concept study显示文摘 | Peter Connick Madhan Kolappan Charles Crawley Daniel J Webber Rickie Patani Andrew W Michell Ming-Qing Du Shi-Lu Luan Daniel R Altmann Alan J Thompson Alastair Compston Michael A Scott David H Miller Siddharthan Chandran | 2012 | Lancet Neurology2012，，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Mercury mobility at the Carson River Superfund site, westcentral Nevada, USA: interpretation of mercury speciation data in mill tailings, soils and sediments 显示文摘 | LECHLER P J MILLER J R HSU L C | 1997 | Journal of Geochemical Exploration1997，58，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Melanoma显示文摘 | MILLER A J MIHN M C J R | 2006 | N Engl J Med2006，355，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Relationship between diurnal blood ressure, renal hemodynamic function, and the rennin angiotensin sys2tem in type 1 diabetes 显示文摘 | Miller J A Curtis J R Schett E B | 2003 | Diabetes2003，52，7： | 1 |
| 12 | Time Temperature Relation for Rupture and Creep Stresses显示文摘 | Larson F R Miller J A | 1952 | Trans ASME1952，74，： | 1 |
| 13 | Avermectins, a new family of potent anthelmintic agents显示文摘 | W R Burg M B Miller R J Egerton | 1999 | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapv1999，15，： | 1 |
| 14 | Time course of appearance and disappearance of human mast cell tryptase in the circulation after anaphylaxis显示文摘 | Schwartz LB Yunginger JW Miller J Bokhari R Dull D | 1989 | J Clin Invest1989，83，5： | 1 |
| 15 | The mechanism of fracture in hexagonal metals显示文摘 | Ldridgr J M Miller R Komark | 1967 | Thansactions of AIMS1967，239，： | 1 |
| 16 | The effects of moisture on the flammability characteristics of textile materials显示文摘 | Miller B Martin J R Goswami B C | 1975 | Textile Research Journal1975，45，： | 1 |
| 17 | Design and development of a pair of 10kA HTS current leads for the NHMFL 45 hybrid magnet system显示文摘 | Miller J R | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity2005，15，2： | 1 |
| 18 | A proven three-tiered architecture for programming autonomous robots显示文摘 | R P Bonasso R J Firby E Gat D Kortenkamp D Miller and M Slack | 1997 | Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence1997，9，2： | 1 |
| 19 | The importance of antigen on the cause of postweanlng diarrhoea in pigs显示文摘 | Miller B G Newby T J Stokes C R | 1984 | American Journal of Veterinary Research1984，45，9： | 1 |
| 20 | Slowness surface measurements for zero- and five-degree -cut GaAs显示文摘 | Hunt W D Miller R L Hunsinger B J | 1986 | J Appl Phys1986，60，： | 1 |
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