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		题名	作者	年代	出处	被引量
	1	Overexpression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(SAMDC)in Xeno-pus embryos activates maternal program of apoptosis as a 'fail-safe'mechanism of early embryogenesis显示文摘In Xenopus, injection of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) mRNA into fertilized eggs or 2-cell stage embryos induces massive cell dissociation and embryo-lysis at the early gastrula stage due toactivation of the maternal program of apoptosis. We injected SAMDC mRNA into only one of the animalside blastomeres of embryos at different stages of cleavage, and examined the timing of the onset of theapoptotic reaction. In the injection at 4-and 8-cell stages, a considerable number of embryos developed intotadpoles and in the injection at 16-and 32-cell stages, all the embryos became tadpoles, although tadpolesobtained were sometimes abnormal. However, using GFP as a lineage tracer, we found that descendant cellsof the blastomere injected with SAMDC mRNA at 8-to 32-cell stages are confined within the blastocoel atthe early gastrula stage and undergo apoptotic cell death within the blastocoel, in spite of the continued development of the injected embryos. These results indicate that cells overexpressed with SAMDC undergo apoptotic cell death consistently at the early gastrula stage, irrespective of the timing of the mRNA injection.We assume that apoptosis is executed in Xenopus early gastrulae as a 'fall-safe' mechanism to eliminate physiologically-severely damaged cells to save the rest of the embryo.	MASATAKEKAI CHIKARAKAITO HIROSHIFUKAMACHI TAKAYASUHIGO EIJI TAKAYAMA HIROSHI HARA YOSHIKAZU OHYA KAZUEI IGARASHI KOICHIRO SHIOKAWA	2003	Cell Research2003，13，3：	4

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