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| 1 | Wetting Patterns and Nitrate Distributions in Layered-Textural Soils Under Drip Irrigation显示文摘Laboratory experiments were conducted in different sequence and thickness of the soil layers to investigate the effects of layered-textural soils on wetting patterns and water and nitrate distributions from a surface point source under various combinations of application rate and applied volume. Three layered soils, including a sandy-over-sandy loam (SL), a sandy loam-over-sandy (LS), and a sandy loam-sandy-sandy loam (LSL), and two uniform soils (a uniform sandy loam and a uniform sandy soil) were tested. In the experiments, the application rate was varied from 0.69 to 3.86 L h-1 and the applied volume from 5.7 to 12.1 L. The experimental results demonstrated that the wetting patterns and water and nitrate distributions were greatly affected by the sequence and thickness of soil layers as well as the application rate and volume applied. An interface existing in the layered soils, whether a fine-over-coarse or a coarse-over-fine, had a common feature of limiting downward water movement and of increasing horizontal water movement. For the fine-over-coarse layered soils of LS and LSL, water and nitrate were uniformly distributed at a given depth in the top layer soil. For a coarse-over-fine layered soil of SL, however, water accumulated in the sublayer soil underneath the interface and a zone of lower nitrate concentration was observed. The effect of application rate on water distribution pattern was dependent upon soil layering. A minor influence of application rate on water distribution for the fine-over-coarse layered soils (LS and LSL) than for the uniform soils was found. To obtain a greater wetted depth through selecting the emitters having a smaller application rate, which is a common method in the system design for a uniform soil, may not be necessarily applied for the layered soils. Measurements of nitrate distribution showed that nitrate accumulated toward the boundary of the wetted volume for both the uniform and the layered soils. This suggests the importance of optimal management of drip fertigation because nitrate is susceptible to the movement out of the root zone by mismanagement of fertigation. The information obtained from this research is useful in the design, operation, and management of a drip fertigation system. | LI Jiusheng JI Hong-yan LI Bei LIU Yu-chun | 2007 | Agricultural Sciences in China2007，6，8： | 11 |
| 2 | A potential approach to replace sulfurized olefins with borate ester containing xanthate group in lubricating oil显示文摘To develop a potential substitute for sulfurized olefins, a borate ester derivative containing xanthate group (titled BXT) was synthesized and characterized. Meanwhile, its tribological properties in rape-seed oil were evaluated using four-ball tribometer. The results indicate that BXT shows excellent tri-bological capacity such as load-carrying, friction-reducing and antiwear property. Moreover, the syn-thesized compound has no noticeable odor, shows little corrosion to copper, and exhibits better ther-mal stability compared with sulfurized olefins. In order to study the action mechanism of BXT in friction process, analysis of the worn surface was carried out using a three-dimensional non-contact surface profilometer and XPS analyzer. | WANG YongGang LI JiuSheng REN TianHui | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Tribological behavior of nanocarbon materials with different dimensions in aqueous systems显示文摘Due to the widespread use of nanocarbon materials(NCMs),more researchers are studying their tribological performances.In this work,the tribological behaviors of the following five types of NCMs with different geometric shapes were evaluated in a novel oil‐in‐water system:spherical fullerenes(C60,0D),tubular multi‐walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNT,1D),sheet graphene oxide(GO,2D),sheet graphene oxide derivative(Oct‐O‐GO,2D),and lamellar graphite(G,3D).Among these,GO with two types of oxidation degrees,i.e.,GO(1),GO(2),and Oct‐O‐GO(1)were synthesized and characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,x‐ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,scanning electron microscopy,and contact angle measurements.The load‐carrying capacity of the NCM emulsions were evaluated using a four‐ball test machine,and the lubrication performances were investigated using a high‐frequency reciprocating friction and wear tester with a sliding distance of 1,800 mm under different loads(50 N and 100 N)at 0.5 Hz.The results revealed that the Oct‐O‐GO(1)emulsion exhibited the best load‐carrying capacity,and the best friction‐reducing and anti‐wear properties compared to other emulsions.Moreover,the anti‐wear advantage was more prominent under high load conditions,whereas the other emulsions exhibited a certain degree of abrasive or adhesive wear.The lubrication mechanism was determined through the analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy/energy‐dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy,micro‐Raman spectroscopy,and x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results revealed that during frictional sliding,the ingredients in the emulsion can absorb and react with the freshly exposed metal surface to form surface‐active films to protect the surfaces from abrasion.Moreover,it was found that the higher the amount of ingredients that contain alkyl and O‐H/C=O,the better was the lubrication performance in addition to an increase in the carbon residue in the tribofilm generated on the meal surface. | Hongmei YANG Jiusheng LI Xiangqiong ZENG | 2020 | Friction2020，8，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Modeling the effects of plastic film mulching on irrigated maize yield and water use efficiency in sub-humid Northeast China显示文摘In sub-humid Northeast China,plastic film mulching(PFM)is increasingly used with drip irrigation system in maize(Zea mays L.)to cope with seasonal droughts and low temperatures during seedling stage.Although there were several studies showing the benefits of PFM on maize production in the region,quantification of the effects of PFM in sub-humid Northeast China are still lacking.Hybrid-Maize model has a special version that can not only simulate the effects of PFM on reduction of soil evaporation and rise of topsoil temperature,but also simulate the effects of PFM on crop development and other physiological processes.This paper reports how to verify the Hybrid-Maize model against observations and then applying the model to quantify effects of PFM on grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE)under irrigated scenarios.The Hybrid-Maize model was added the heating effects of PFM on rising surface-soil temperature and promoting subsequent crop development by establishing equations between surface-soil temperature and air temperature before V6 stage.A 3-year field experiment including maize growth and yield data measured at a drip-irrigated field in Heilongjiang Province was used to serve the model calibration.The simulated results indicated that the Hybrid-Maize model performed well in simulation of seasonal soil water storage and in-season aboveground dry matter in three years,but overestimated the leaf area index(LAI)for both treatments and underestimated the final aboveground dry matter at maturity for mulched treatments.Although the Hybrid-Maize model overestimated the grain yield and WUE,it did still reflect the effects of PFM on increasing grain yield and WUE during the three growing seasons.The average simulated grain yield and WUE for mulched treatments were 8%and 13%greater compared to non-mulched treatments using 30 years weather data,which were in agreement with observations that average grain yield and WUE was 11%and 14%increased by PFM,respectively.For evapotranspiration(ET),the average simulated ET for mulched treatments was 22 mm less than non-mulched treatments mainly due to less soil evaporation.For simulated irrigation requirements,at most 69 mm of irrigation water could be saved by PFM.In conclusion,PFM with drip irrigation could improve irrigated maize production in sub-humid Northeast China. | Liu Yang Yang Haishun Li Yanfeng Yan Haijun Li Jiusheng | 2017 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2017，10，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Wetting patterns and nitrogen distributions as affected by fertigation strategies from a surface point source显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Zhang Jianjun Rao Minjie | 2004 | Agricultural Water Management2004，67，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Terahertz modulator using photonic crystals显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng | 2007 | Optics Communications2007，269，1： | 1 |
| 7 | The areal distribution of soil moisture under sprinkler irrigation 显示文摘 | Jiusheng Li Hirodhi Kawano | 1996 | Agricultural Water Management1996，32，： | 1 |
| 8 | Simulation of nitrate distribution under drip irrigation using artificial neural networks显示文摘 | Jiusheng Li R E Yoder L O Odhiambo J Zhang | 2004 | Irrig Sci2004，23，： | 1 |
| 9 | Terahertz wave switch based on silicon photonic crystals 显示文摘 | LI Jiusheng HE Jinlong HONG Zhi | 2007 | Applied Optics(S1559-128X)2007，46，22： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of clogging in drip emitters during application of sewage effluent and groundwater显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Chen Lei Li Yanfeng | 2009 | Transactions of the ASABE2009，52，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Sprinkler water distribution as affected by winter wheat canopy显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Rao Minjie | 2000 | Irrigation Science2000，20，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Tribologicalstudy of a novel borate ester containing dialkylthiophosphategroup as multifunctional additive显示文摘 | Wang Yonggang Li Jiusheng Ren Tianhui | 2009 | Industrial Lubricationand Tribology2009，61，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Sprinkler performance as affected by nozzle inner contraction angle显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Hiroshi Kawano | 1998 | Irrigation Science1998，，18： | 1 |
| 14 | Tribological studies on a novel borate ester containing benzothiazol-2-yl and disulfide groups as multifunctional additive显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Xu Xiaohong Wang Yonggang | 2010 | Tribology International2010，43，： | 1 |
| 15 | Sprinkler water distributions as affected by winter wheat canopy显示文摘 | Jiusheng Li Minjie Rao | 2000 | Irrigation Science2000，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Sprinkler performance as affected by nozzle inner contraction angle显示文摘 | Li Jiusheng Hiroshi Kawano | 1998 | Irrigation Science1998，18，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Water and nitrogen distribution as affected by fertigation of ammonium nitrate from a point source 显示文摘 | LI Jiusheng ZHANG Jianjun REN Li | 2003 | Irrig Sci2003，，22： | 1 |
| 18 | The tribological study of tetrazole derivative as additive in liquid paraffin显示文摘 | Jiusheng Li Tianhui Ren Hong Liu | 2000 | Wear2000，246，： | 1 |
| 19 | The tribological study of tetrazole derivative as additive in liquid paraffin显示文摘 | Jiusheng Li Tianhui Ren Hong Liu | 2000 | Wear2000，246，： | 1 |
| 20 | Effects of drip system uniformity and nitrogen application rate on yield and nitrogen balance of spring maize in the North China Plain显示文摘 | Zhen Wang Jiusheng Li Yanfeng Li | 2014 | Field Crops Research2014，，： | 1 |
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