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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | A randomized, double blind study of interleukin 10 for the prevention of ERCP-induced pancreatitis显示文摘 | John A Dumot Darwin L Conwell Gregory Zuccaro John J Vargo Steven S Shay Kirk A Easley Jeffrey L Ponsky | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，7： | 2 |
| 3 | Toxicity of Benzotriazole and Benzotriazole Derivatives to Three Aquatic Species显示文摘 | David A Pillard Jeffrey S Cornell Doree L DuFresne Mark T Hernandez | 2000 | Water Research2000，，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Predicators of hemorrhagic transformation in patients receiving intraarterial thromboloysis显示文摘 | Chelsea S Kiddell Jeffrey L Saver Joaqnin Carnendo | 2002 | Stroke2002，33，： | 2 |
| 5 | MRI features of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in the breast显示文摘 | ESPINOSA L A DANIEL B L JEFFREY S S | | 0，，01： | 1 |
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| 8 | Mercury in coal and the impact of coal quality on mercury emissions from combustion system 显示文摘 | Kolker A Constance L S Jeffrey C Q | 2006 | Applied Geochemistry2006，21，11： | 1 |
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| 12 | Targeted intraoperative radiotherapy versus whole breast radiotherapy for breast cancer (TARGIT-A trial): an international, prospective, randomised, non-inferiority phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Jayant S Vaidya David J Joseph Jeffrey S Tobias Max Bulsara Frederik Wenz Christobel Saunders Michael Alvarado Henrik L Flyger Samuele Massarut Wolfgang Eiermann Mohammed Keshtgar John Dewar Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher Marc Sütterlin Laura Esserman Helle MR Ho | 2010 | The Lancet2010，，9735： | 1 |
| 13 | Equivalent leak definitions for Smart LDAR (Leak Detection and Repair) when using optical imaging technology显示文摘 | David E Jeffrey S l | 2007 | Air Waste Manage2007，57，： | 1 |
| 14 | Hypervariable minisatellite regions in human DNA 显示文摘 | Jeffreys A J Wilson V Thein S L | 1985 | Nature1985，314，6006： | 1 |
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| 17 | Inversion for refractivity parameters from radar sea clutter显示文摘 | Peter Gerstoft L Ted Rogers Jeffrey L Krolik William S Hodgldss | 2003 | Radio Sci2003，32，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Body Mass Index and Hospital Discharge Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke显示文摘 | Jeffrey L David S | 2007 | Arch Neurol2007，64，： | 1 |
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| 20 | Preventable anesthesia mishaps: A study of human factors 显示文摘 | Jeffrey B C Ronald S N Charlene D L | 2002 | Quality & Safety in Health Care2002，，11： | 1 |
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