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| 1 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 2 | First-use reactions during hemodialysis:a definition of subtypes显示文摘 | Daugirdas J J Ing T S | 1998 | Kidney Int1998，24，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Salt tectonics driven by dif- ferential sediment loading:stability analysis and finite-element experi- ments显示文摘 | Gemmer L Ings S J Medvedev S | 2004 | Basin Research2004，16，： | 1 |
| 4 | Dynamic modelling of passive margin salt tectonics:effects of water loading, sediment properties andsedimentation patterns显示文摘 | Gemmer L Beaumont C Ings S J | 2005 | Basin Research2005，17，： | 1 |
| 5 | The nature of the normal form map for soft impacting systems显示文摘 | Ma Y Ing J Banerjee S | 2008 | International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics2008，43，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Characterisations of derivations on some operator algebras显示文摘 | J ING W LU S J LI P T | 2002 | Bull Austral Math Soc2002，66，： | 1 |
| 7 | Flow patterns of super-high-rate anaerobic bioreactor显示文摘 | Chen X G Zheng P Guo Y J Mahmood Q Tang C J I)ing S | 2010 | Bioresource Technology2010，101，77： | 1 |
| 8 | Synthesis of methanol:Part 1 catalysts and kinetics显示文摘 | DENNY P J JENN INGS J R SPENCER M S WAUGH K C | 1988 | Appl Catal1988，36，： | 1 |
| 9 | Adrenocorticotropic hormone suppresses gonadotropin-stimulated estradiol release from zebrafish ovarian follicles显示文摘 | Alsop D Ings J S Vijayan M M | 2009 | PLoS One2009，4，7： | 1 |
| 10 | Polar and brown bear genomes reveal ancient admixture and demographic footprints of past climate change显示文摘 | Miller W Schuster SC Welch AJ Ratan A Bedoya-Reina OC Zhao F Kim HL Burhans RC Drautz DI Wittekindt NE Tomsho LP Ibarra-Laclette E Herrera-Estrella L Peacock E Farley S Sage GK Rode K Obbard M Montiel R Bachmann L Ingólfsson(O) Aars J Mailund T Wiig Φ Tal | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Soluble E-cadherin promotes cell survival by activating epidermal growth factor receptor 显示文摘 | Inge L J Barwe S P D'Ambrosio J | 2011 | Exp Cell Res2011，317，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Cloning,sequencing,and expression of interferon-γ from elk in north America显示文摘 | Steven J S Carlene E Inge S E | 2001 | Journal of Wildlife Diseases2001，37，1： | 1 |
| 13 | The driving anger expression inventory: a measure of how people express their anger on the road显示文摘 | DEFFENBACHER J L LYNCH R S OE'I3?ING E R | 2002 | Behaviour Research & Therapy2002，40，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Direct synthesis ofdimethyl carbonate from carbon dioxide and methanolusing supported copper (Ni,V,0) catalyst with photo -assistance显示文摘 | WangX J? Xiao M W?ing S J * | 2007 | Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemi-cal2007，278，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Angiographic embolization for epistaxis : a review of cases 显示文摘 | TSENG E Y NARDUCCI C A WILI ING S J | 1998 | Laryngoscope1998，108，61： | 1 |
| 16 | Peripheral blood stem yield in 400 normal donors mobilised with granulocyte col- ony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) : impact of age, sex, donor weight and type of G-CSF used 显示文摘 | Ings S J Balsa C Leverett D et 81 | 2006 | Br J Haematol2006，134，5： | 1 |
| 17 | R ANK signaling is not required for TNFalpha-mediated increase in CD11(hi) o steoclast p recursors b ut is e ssential f or mature o steoclast formation in TNFalpha-mediated inflammatory arthritis显示文摘 | Li P S chwarz EM O'Keefe R J Ma L B oyce B F X ing L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Plasma visfatin concentration and fat depet --specific mRNAexpreaslon in humans 显示文摘 | Bemdt J Klot ing N K ralisch S | 2005 | Diabetes2005，54，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Evaluation of chemical coagulation flocculation aids for the removal of suspended solids and phosphorus from intensive recirculating aquaculture effluent discharge显示文摘 | EBEL ING J M SIBRELL P L OGDEN S R | 2003 | Aquacultural Engineering2003，29，： | 1 |
| 20 | Severe hypoxia produced by concomitant intoxication with sublethal doses of carbon monoxide and cyanide显示文摘 | Steven J Ing K and Arthur S | 1991 | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology1991，109，3： | 1 |
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