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| 1 | DYNAMICS OF KNOWLEDGE ACCUMULATION IN TECHNOLOGY FOLLOWER COUNTRIES: A SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH显示文摘In this paper the process of knowledge accumulation for a particular technology is studied. Two countries, say the technology follower and the technology frontier, are considered. The frontier’s knowledge growth is determined by its R&D efforts on the technology. The level of knowledge stock for the follower country is augmented by its R&D activities for the technology and absorbing some of the external knowledge through spillover from the frontier. The extent to which the follower is able to exploit the external knowledge depends on technological gap, absorptive capacity, absorption time and degree of spillover. New concepts such as natural and enhanced degree of spillover, background and innovative knowledge and absorption speed are introduced in the present work to deeply explore the process of knowledge spillover. The factors influencing the knowledge development in the long term are simultaneously studied in an integrated structure provided by the System Dynamics approach. This framework shows the responses to the changes and provides the basis for examining the interactions among the variables over time. | Ehsan SHAFIEI Mohammad-Bagher GHOFRANI Yadollah SABOOHI | 2009 | Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering2009，18，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Ambrisentan for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Results of the Ambrisentan in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter, Efficacy (ARIES) Study 1 and 2显示文摘 | Nazzareno Galiè Horst Olschewski Ronald J. Oudiz Fernando Torres Adaani Frost Hossein A. Ghofrani David B. Badesch Michael D. McGoon Vallerie V. McLaughlin Ellen B. Roecker Michael J. Gerber Christopher Dufton Brian L. Wiens Lewis J. Rubin | 2008 | Circulation2008，，23： | 2 |
| 3 | Updated Clinical Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension显示文摘 | Gerald Simonneau Michael A. Gatzoulis Ian Adatia David Celermajer Chris Denton Ardeschir Ghofrani Miguel Angel Gomez Sanchez R. Krishna Kumar Michael Landzberg Roberto F. Machado Horst Olschewski Ivan M. Robbins Rogiero Souza | 2013 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2013，，25： | 2 |
| 4 | Combination anesthesia with ketamlne and pentobarbital:a long-term porcine model显示文摘 | Goldmann C Ghofrani A Haferaann B | 1999 | Res Exp Med1999，199，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Nitric oxide pathway and phosphodiesterase inhibitors in pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Ghofrani HA Pepke-Zaba J Barbera JA | 2004 | J Am Coil Cardiol2004，43，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Acomparison ofthe acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide and aero-solized iloprost in primay pulmonary hypertension显示文摘 | Hoeper MM Olschewski H Ghofrani HA | 2000 | GermanPPH Study Group J Am Coll Cardiol2000，35，： | 1 |
| 7 | Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Galie N Brundage BH Ghofrani HA | 2009 | Circulation2009，119，22： | 1 |
| 8 | Phosphodiesterase 10A upregulation contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling显示文摘 | Tian X Vroom C Ghofrani H A | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，18： | 1 |
| 9 | A retrospective review of long anterior fusions to the sacrum显示文摘 | Lee YP Ghofrani H Regev GJ | 2011 | Spine J2011，11，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Reversal of experimental pulmonary hypertension by PDGF inhibition显示文摘 | Schermuly R T Dony E Ghofrani H A | 2005 | J Clin Invest2005，115，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Galie N Ghofrani HA Torbicki A | 2005 | N Engl J Med2005，353，20： | 1 |
| 12 | The distally pedicled peroneal brevis muscle flap: A new flap for the lower leg 显示文摘 | Eren S Ghofrani A Reifonrath M | 2001 | Plast Reconstr Surg2001，107，： | 1 |
| 13 | Bronchoscopic surfactant administration in patients with severe adult respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis显示文摘 | Walmrath D Gunther A Ghofrani HA | 1996 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med1996，154，： | 1 |
| 14 | Chronic sildenafil treatment inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats显示文摘 | Schermuly RT Kreisselmeier KP Ghofrani HA | 2004 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2004，169，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Riociguat for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension显示文摘 | Ghofrani HA D' Armini AM Grimminger F | 2013 | N Engl J Med2013，369，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Chronic sildenafil treatment inhibits monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats显示文摘 | Schermuly RT Kreisselmeier KP Ghofrani HA | 2004 | Am J Respir Crit Care Med2004，169，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Sildenafil citrate therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Galie N Ghofrani HA Torbicki A | 2005 | N Engl J Med2005，353，20： | 1 |
| 18 | Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension显示文摘 | Ghofrani HA Galiè N Grimminger F | 2013 | N Engl J Med2013，369，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Smart scheduling and cost-benefit analysis of grid-enabled electric vehicles for wind power integration显示文摘 | Ghofrani M Arabali A Etezadi-Amoli M | 2014 | IEEE Transaction on Smart Grid2014，5，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension显示文摘 | Ralph T Schermuly Wiebke Janssen Norbert Weissmann Johannes-Peter Stasch Friedrich Grimminger Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani | 2011 | Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs2011，，4： | 1 |
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