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| 1 | Update on Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: A Review显示文摘Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction(SOD)encompasses a spectrum of clinical syndromes that are not fully understood,and various diagnostic and therapeutic methods have had varying results depending on the type of dysfunction.This review explored various mechanisms that might play a role in SOD and methods of diagnosis and management.It is important to rule out other causes of abdominal pain with laboratory testing,imaging studies,and endoscopic procedures.Medications that affect sphincter motility should be identified as well.Manometry is the gold standard for diagnosis but it is not always required.For example,patients with type I SOD may have symptomatic improvement with sphincterotomy without need for a diagnostic manometry.Hepatobiliary scintigraphy and fatty meal sonography may also have diagnostic utility.Sphincterotomy is not always effective for symptomatic improvement in type II and III SOD.Alternate therapies with calcium channel blockers and botulinum toxin have been studied and might be considered as options after discussing the risks and benefits with the patients. | Jaimy Villavicencio Kim George Y.Wu | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，3： | 4 |
| 2 | 丙型肝炎病毒NS_5B在Hub-7细胞中的转染与表达显示文摘目的建立丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)NS5B表达的人肝细胞系。方法以脂质体共转染NS5SB基因人Hub-7细胞,以PCR和Southern blot在DNA水平检测转染的结果,以western blot证实了Hub-7细胞中有NSuB的蛋白表达。结累在转染过NSSB质粒的细胞系中有NSSB基因的存在和HCV-RNA多聚酶的表达。结论我们在Hub-7细胞中建立了HCV-RNA多聚酶表达系统,它有助于研究HCV复制机制和为基因治疗丙型肝炎打下基础。 | 房静远 Edwin Ouyang Catheine H.Wu George Y.Wu 邱德凯 曾民德 萧树东 | 2000 | 中华肝脏病杂志2000，8，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Immunotherapy-induced Hepatotoxicity:A Review显示文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)suppress the func-tion of immune checkpoints,which are involved in down-regulating immune responses.These lead to an increased activation of the function of T cells,increased release of cytokines,and decreased activity of regulatory T cells.This allows for a more significant and less regulated im-mune response and subsequent enhanced cytotoxic activity against cancer cells.A number of cancers are now being treated with these agents and this increased use has re-sulted in more reports of toxicity.While almost every organ can be affected,the skin,gastrointestinal tract,liver,and endocrine glands are most commonly involved.It is neces-sary that gastroenterologists and hepatologists familiarize themselves with diagnostic steps and management plan in patients with these undesirable outcomes.When assessing for possible ICIs induced hepatotoxicity,it is of utmost im-portance to use a formal scoring system such as the Rous-sel Uclaf causality assessment method(RUCAM)to assess for risk factors,alternative causes,and response to cessa-tion and re-exposure of a given drug.While this review is based on studies with and without RUCAM,the conclusions were carefully established mainly from studies that used RUCAM.The aim of this review is to provide information on the epidemiology,risk factors,clinical presentation,di-agnostic tools,and management plan based on the most recent studies of immunotherapy-induced hepatotoxicity. | Teresa Da Cunha George Y.Wu Haleh Vaziri | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Impact of Helicobacter pylori Infection on the Pathogenesis and Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is widely prevalent worldwide.H.pylori infection has been reported to be a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance,nonalco-holic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),liver fibrosis,and cirrhosis.Because treatment for NAFLD,other than weight loss is limited,the treatment for H.pylori infection is well established.It is important to determine whether screening and treatment for H.pylori infection should be considered in patients with no gastrointestinal symptoms.The aim of this mini-review is to evaluate the association be-tween H.pylori infection and NAFLD including epidemiology,pathogenesis,and the evidence for H.pylori infection as a modifiable risk factor for preventing or treating NAFLD. | Marianna G.Mavilia-Scranton George Y.Wu Murali Dharan | 2023 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2023，11，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Persistently Rising Alpha-fetoprotein in the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma:A Review显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide,is known for its grim prognosis,with untreated life expectancy being only a matter of months after the diagnosis.The difficulty in making a diagnosis early is one of the main contributing factors to the poor prognosis.Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)had long been used as a surveillance tool,but suboptimal specificity and sensitivity has prompted liver societies to abandon the recommendation for its universal use,even in combination with ultrasonography.Most studies have shown no obvious correlation between serum AFP level and HCC tumor size,stage,or survival post-diagnosis.However,some studies concluded that a gradual rise or persistent elevation in AFP were positive predictors for tumor development.Other studies reported a fall in AFP followed by a rise in patients with HCC as well as persistently rising AFP levels without development of HCC on follow up.Our calculation of the sensitivity and specificity of persistently rising AFP for HCC were both low,at 60%and 35.8%,respectively,indicating that the presence of persistently rising AFP per se did not offer diagnostic benefit.In addition,our calculated mean slopes of persistently rising AFP levels in HCC and non-HCC patients were numerically very different,but the difference was not statistically significant.We conclude that the published data do not support a role for rising AFP levels per se in the diagnosis of HCC. | Alla Turshudzhyan George Y.Wu | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，1： | 2 |
| 6 | Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis is a disease affecting around 0.006–0.016%of the population.Of these,around 75%have concomitant inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)according to the most recent epidemiological studies.Several theories have been proposed regarding the pathogenesis of primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).These include changes in the function of cholangiocytes,effects of the gut microbiome,association with specific human leukocyte antigen haplotypes and dysregulation of the immune system.However,these do not explain the observed association with IBD.Moreover,there are considerable differences in the frequency and outcomes between patients with PSC and ulcerative colitis compared with PSC and Crohn’s disease.The aim of this review is to appraise the most recent studies that have contributed to the epidemiology,advances in the pathophysiology,and characterization of important clinical aspects of the association of PSC and IBD. | Teresa Da Cunha Haleh Vaziri George Y.Wu | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Statin-induced Liver Injury Patterns: A Clinical Review显示文摘Since their introduction in 1987,hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMG-CoA)inhibitors,more commonly known as statins,have become some of the most widely prescribed medications in the world.Though generally considered to be safe and well tolerated,statins have been associated with several side effects including mild liver dysfunction manifested by increases in aminotransferases.Rarely,statins have been noted to induce more serious hepatic injury,including liver injury with autoimmune features.Current literature supports statin induced liver injury presenting in either hepatocellular or cholestatic patterns,though with the former being the prevailing pattern of injury.Fortunately,severe liver injury is uncommon with statin use and is generally reversible without any intervention other than offending statin cessation.When evaluating cases of suspected statininduced liver injury,a complete medical history,laboratory tests including a complete metabolic panel,autoimmune markers,and viral panel,as well as hepatic imaging,are crucial for a complete causality analysis with validated tools such as Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method.The aim of this review is to review the current evidence for statininduced liver injury and cholestasis. | Leon D.Averbukh Alla Turshudzhyan David C.Wu George Y.Wu | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Therapeutic Perspectives of IL1 Family Members in Liver Diseases:An Update显示文摘Interleukin(IL)1 superfamily members are a cornerstone of a variety of inflammatory processes occurring in various organs including the liver.Progression of acute and chronic liver diseases regardless of etiology depends on the stage of hepatocyte damage,the release of inflammatory cytokines and disturbances in gut microbiota.IL1 cytokines and re-ceptors can have pro-or anti-inflammatory roles,even dual functionalities conditioned by the microenvironment.Devel-oping novel therapeutic strategies to block the IL1/IL1R sign-aling pathways seems like a reasonable option.This mode of action is now exploited by anakinra and canakinumab,which are used to treat different inflammatory illnesses,and studies in liver diseases are on the way.In this mini review,we have focused on the IL1 superfamily members,given their cru-cial role in liver inflammation diseases,specifically discussing their potential role in developing new treatment strategies. | Ines Bilić Ćurčić Tomislav Kizivat Ana Petrović Robert Smolić Ashraf Tabll George Y.Wu Martina Smolić | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，6： | 0 |
| 9 | Novel Agents in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy:A Review显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy is an often devastating complication of chronic liver disease,associated with high mortality and increased burden on patients and healthcare systems.Current agents(such as nonabsorbable disaccharides and oral antibiotics)are often only partially effective and associated with unpleasant side effects.With our improved understanding of the pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy,multiple treatment modalities have emerged with promising results when used alone or as an adjunct to standard medications.The mechanisms of these agents vary greatly,and include the manipulation of gut microbial composition,reduction of oxidative stress,inhibition of inflammatory mediators,protection of endothelial integrity,modulation of neurotransmitter release and function,and other novel methods to reduce blood ammonia and neurotoxins.Despite their promising results,the studies assessing these treatment modalities are often limited by study design,sample size,outcome assessment heterogeneity,and paucity of data regarding their safety profiles.In this article,we discuss these novel agents in depth and provide the best evidence supporting their use,along with a critical look at their limitations and future directions. | Leen Z.Hasan George Y.Wu | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，5： | 0 |
| 10 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology Receives Its First Impact Factor(4.108)and CiteScore(6.7)显示文摘We are pleased to announce that Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology(JCTH)has received its first impact factor-4.108-in the Journal Citation Report released by Clarivate Analytics on June 30,2021.JCTH now ranks 42nd among 92 journals in the Gastroenterology and Hepatology category and is in the second quartile(Q2)in the category(Fig.1).Moreover,JCTH has also received its first CiteScore-6.7-released by Elsevier on June 4,2021 and ranks 16th among 62 hepatology journals according to that evaluation system(Fig.2). | Harry Hua-Xiang Xia George Y.Wu Hong Ren | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，4： | 0 |
| 11 | Targeted Mitochondrial Delivery to Hepatocytes:A Review显示文摘Defects in mitochondria are responsible for various genetic and acquired diseases.Mitochondrial transplantation,a method that involves introduction of healthy donor mitochondria into cells with dysfunctional mitochondria,could offer a novel approach to treat such diseases.Some studies have demonstrated the therapeutic benefit of mitochondrial transplantation and targeted delivery in vivo and in vitro within hepatocytes and the liver.This review discusses the issues regarding isolation and delivery of mitochondria to hepatocytes and the liver,and examines the existing literature in order to elucidate the utility and practicality of mito-chondrial transplantation in the treatment of liver disease.Studies reviewed demonstrate that mitochondrial uptake could specifically target hepatocytes,address the challenge of non-specific localization of donor mitochondria,and provide evidence of changes in liver function following injection of mitochondria into mouse and rat disease models.While potential benefits and advantages of mitochondrial trans-plantation are evident,more research is needed to determine the practicality of mitochondrial transplantation for the treatment of genetic and acquired liver diseases. | Brent D.Heineman Xiaocong Liu George Y.Wu | 2022 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2022，10，2： | 0 |
| 12 | Primary Non-HFE Hemochromatosis:A Review显示文摘Iron homeostasis is a complex process in which iron uptake and use are tightly balanced.Primary Type 1 or HFE hemochromatosis results from homozygous mutations in the gene that encodes human homeostatic iron regulator(known as human factors engineering,HFE)protein,a regulator of hepcidin,and makes up approximately 90%of all hemochromatosis cases.However,four types of hemochromatosis do not involve the HFE gene.They are non-HFE hemochromatosis type 2A(HFE2,encoding HJV),type 2B(HAMP,encoding hepcidin),type 3(TFR2,encoding transferring receptor-2),and types 4A and B(SLC40A1,encoding ferroportin.NonHFE hemochromatosis is extremely rare.Pathogenic allele frequencies have been estimated to be 74/100,000 for type 2A,20/100,000 for type 2B,30/100,000 for type 3,and 90/100,000 for type 4 hemochromatosis.Current guidelines recommend that the diagnosis be made by ruling out HFE mutations,history,physical examination,laboratory values(ferritin and transferrin saturation),magnetic resonance or other imaging,and liver biopsy if needed.While less common,non-HFE hemochromatosis can cause iron overload as severe as the HFE type.In most cases,treatment involves phlebotomy and is successful if started before irreversible damage occurs.Early diagnosis and treatment are important because it prevents chronic liver disease.This review updates the mutations and their pathogenetic consequences,the clinical picture,diagnostic guidelines,and treatment of hemochromatosis. | Alla Turshudzhyan David C.Wu George Y.Wu | 2023 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2023，11，4： | 0 |
| 13 | Primary Hepatic Extra-gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors:Molecular Pathogenesis,Immunohistopathology,and Treatment显示文摘Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.They originate from the interstitial cells of Cajal and are usually found in extrahepatic gastrointestinal sites.However,a small subset are derived from the liver and are known as primary hepatic gastrointestinal stromal tumors(PHGIST).They have a poor prognosis and are historically difficult to diagnose.Our objective was to review and update the latest evidence-based knowledge concerning PHGIST,with a focus on epidemiology,etiology,pathophysiology,clinical presentation,histopathology,and treatment.These tumors are usually found incidentally,occur sporadically,and are associated with mutations of KIT and PDGFRA genes.PHGIST is a diagnosis of exclusion,as it has the same molecular,immunochemistry and histological appearance as gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).Thus,imaging,such as positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT)must be used to rule out metastatic GIST before a diagnosis can be made.However,with mutation analysis and pharmacological advances,tyrosine kinase inhibitors are typically pursued with or without surgical intervention.Other potential treatments include transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and tumor ablation.However,these are typically considered palliative options.As there are only a limited number of publications regarding PHGIST,data concerning morbidity and mortality are not yet available.Immunohistopathology can help develop screening guidelines and evaluating resistance to treatment. | Erica C.Becker Gonca Ozcan George Y.Wu | 2023 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2023，11，4： | 0 |
| 14 | Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis显示文摘Autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)is a relatively rare liver disease with varying worldwide incidence of from 0.7 to 2 per 100,000 people.It is characterized by the presence of auto-antibodies.However,an average of 10% of AIH cases have AIH symptoms and pathology but lack autoimmune serology.For such seronegative AIH(snAIH)cases,there is currently no established diagnostic algorithm for diagnosis.and improper or delayed diagnosis of snAIH can lead to no or inappropriate treatment that results in progression to fulminant hepatitis or cirrhosis.This review aims to review the current literature and to present an update of seronegative autoimmune hepatitis,including its pathophysiology,clinical presentation,methods of diagnosis,and treatment in order to increase awareness and emphasize the necessity for timely management. | Sriya A.Bhumi George Y.Wu | 2023 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2023，11，2： | 0 |
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