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| 1 | Diabetes mellitus and electrolyte disorders显示文摘Diabetic patients frequently develop a constellation of electrolyte disorders. These disturbances are particularly common in decompensated diabetics, especially in the context of diabetic ketoacidosis or nonketotic hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome. These patients are markedly potassium-, magnesium- and phosphatedepleted. Diabetes mellitus(DM) is linked to both hypo- and hyper-natremia reflecting the coexistence of hyperglycemia-related mechanisms, which tend to change serum sodium to opposite directions. The most important causal factor of chronic hyperkalemia in diabetic individuals is the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Impaired renal function, potassiumsparing drugs, hypertonicity and insulin deficiency are also involved in the development of hyperkalemia. This article provides an overview of the electrolyte disturbances occurring in DM and describes the underlying mechanisms. This insight should pave the way for pathophysiology-directed therapy, thus contributing to the avoidance of the several deleterious effects associated with electrolyte disorders and their treatment. | George Liamis Evangelos Liberopoulos Fotios Barkas Moses Elisaf | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2014，2，10： | 13 |
| 2 | Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know显示文摘导致 Thiazide 的 hyponatremia 是在老个人的减少的钠层次的主要原因之一。这评论关于联系 thiazide 的 hyponatremia 介绍当前的证据。联系 Thiazide 的 hyponatremia 与象收到 thiazides 的大剂量的那些那样的某些风险因素主要在病人被观察,有许多 comorbidity,例如心失败,肝疾病或恶意,并且拿几药,例如 non-steroidal 反煽动性的药,选择血清素重新举起禁止者或 tricyclic 抗抑郁剂。钠集中应该为开发联系 thiazide 的 hyponatremia 与风险因素在病人被监视,临床医生们应该即时与显示减少的钠层次的神经符号在病人测量浆液钠层次。有联系 thiazide 的 hyponatremia 的病人的临床、生物化学的侧面可以是细胞外的体积弄空或不恰当的尿分泌抑制剂荷尔蒙分泌物(SIADH ) 的症候群的。可能的联系 thiazide 的 hyponatremia 的调查由于 thiazides (弄空相关的细胞外的体积或象 SIADH 一样) 包括减少的钠层次的另外的原因和 hyponatremia 的特征的鉴定的排除。治疗应该小心地被监视由于 overcorrection 避免严肃的神经复杂并发症。临床医生们应该阻止与联系利尿剂的 hyponatremia 的历史在病人规定 thiazides 并且应该为开发联系 thiazide 的 hyponatremia 与风险因素在病人比较喜欢 thiazides 的低剂量。 | George Liamis Theodosios D Filippatos Moses S Elisaf | 2016 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2016，13，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Colonoscopy preparation-induced disorders in renal function and electrolytes显示文摘Colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy are commonly used mainly for colon cancer screening and detection, but also in several other situations such as inflammatory bowel disease (for diagnosis and follow up) and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Bowel cleansing preparations mainly include polyethylene glycol and oral sodium phosphate solutions, with the later being most frequently used due to better toleration from patients. Despite their favourable safety profile these agents have been associated with renal function deterioration and electrolyte disorders, some of which were serious or even fatal. The present paper discusses the complications associated with colonoscopy preparation agents. | Matilda Florentin George Liamis Moses S Elisaf | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2014，5，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Therapeutic approach in patients with dysnatracmias 显示文摘 | GEORGE LIAMIS MICHALIS KALOGIROU VASILIOS SAUGOS | 2006 | Ncphrol Dial Transplant2006，21，： | 1 |
| 5 | Partially reversible renal tubular damage in patients with obstructive jaundice显示文摘 | Eleni Bairaktari George Liamis Orestes Tsolas Moses Elisaf | 2001 | Hepatology2001，，6： | 1 |
| 6 | A Review of Drug-Induced Hyponatremia显示文摘 | George Liamis Haralampos Milionis Moses Elisaf | 2008 | American Journal of Kidney Diseases2008，，1： | 1 |
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