| 1 | Concentrations,sources,and influential factors of water-soluble ions of atmospheric particles in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,a world heritage site in China显示文摘Atmospheric particle pollution is one of the major factors leading to degradation of ancient wall paintings,particularly heritage sites in arid and semi-arid regions.However,current systematic research on the changes,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particulate matter and its water-soluble ion concentrations is not sufficient.Thus,the major water-soluble ion concentrations,sources,and influential factors of atmospheric particles PM_(2.5) and PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic equivalent diameter≤2.5 and 10.0μm,respectively,in ambient air)were collected from Cave 16 and its ambient exterior environment in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,China,between April 2015 and March 2016.Results showed that the concentrations of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) inside and outside the cave were the highest in March 2016 and the lowest in December 2015.The higher particle concentration from March to May was related to the frequent occurrence of sand and dust events,and the lower particle concentration from June to September was associated with good diffusion conditions,increased precipitation,and an established cave shelterbelt.The concentration of particulate matter inside the cave was affected by the concentration of particles in the air outside the cave.Ca2+,NH+4,Na+,Cl-,and SO2-4were the main components of the total ions of PM_(2.5) and PM_(10) both inside and outside the cave.The total ions inside the cave were frequently affected by the disturbance of tourists'activities during the peak tourist season from May to August.Under the influence of dust,the total concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,NH+4,and Ca2+in particles of different sizes inside and outside the cave increased,and the concentrations of Cl-,SO2-4,Na+,and Ca2+decreased during precipitation period.Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggested that the pollutants were mainly from Xinjiang,China.The pollutant sources of air particulates are straw burning,secondary pollution sources,soil dust,dry spring rivers,and tourist activities. | YANG Xiaoju WU Fasi XU Ruihong LI Na ZHANG Zhengmo XUE Ping WANG Wanfu ZHAO Xueyong | 2022 | Journal of Arid Land2022，14，12： | 1 |
| 2 | Seasonal variation of airborne fungi of the Tiantishan Grottoes andWestern Xia Museum,Wuwei,China显示文摘In this study,a systematic survey of cultural airborne fungi was carried out in the occurrence environments of wall paintings that are preserved in the Tiantishan Grottoes and the Western Xia Museum,China.A bio-aerosol sampler was used for sampling in four seasons in 2016.Culture-dependent and-independent methods were taken to acquire airborne fungal concentration and purified strains;by the extraction of genomic DNA,amplification of fungal ITS rRNA gene region,sequencing,and phylogenetic analysis,thereafter the fungal community composition and distribution characteristics of different study sites were clarified.We disclosure the main environmental factors which may be responsible for dynamic changes of airborne fungi at the sampling sites.The concentration of cultural airborne fungi was in a range from 13 to 1,576 CFU/m^(3),no significant difference between the two sites at the Tiantishan Grottoes,with obvious characteristics of seasonal variation,in winter and spring were higher than in summer and autumn.Also,there was a significant difference in fungal concentration between the inside and outside of the Western Xia Museum,the outside of the museum was far more than the inside of the museum in the four seasons,particularly in the winter.Eight fungal genera were detected,including Cladosporium,Penicillium,Alternaria,and Filobasidium as the dominant groups.The airborne fungal community structures of the Tiantishan Grottoes show a distinct characteristic of seasonal variation and spatial distribution.Relative humidity,temperature and seasonal rainfall influence airborne fungal distribution.Some of the isolated strains have the potential to cause biodeterioration of ancient wall paintings.This study provides supporting information for the pre-warning conservation of cultural relics that are preserved at local sites and inside museums. | YuLong Duan FaSi Wu DongPeng He RuiHong Xu HuYuan Feng Tuo Chen GuangXiu Liu WanFu Wang | 2021 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2021，13，6： | 0 |
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