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| 1 | Recommendations to quantify villous atrophy in video capsule endoscopy images of celiac disease patients显示文摘AIM To quantify the presence of villous atrophy in endoscopic images for improved automation.METHODS There are two main categories of quantitative descriptors helpful to detect villous atrophy:(1) Statistical and(2) Syntactic. Statistical descriptors measure the small intestinal substrate in endoscope-acquired images based on mathematical methods. Texture is the most commonly used statistical descriptor to quantify villous atrophy. Syntactic descriptors comprise a syntax, or set of rules, for analyzing and parsing the substrate into a set of objects with boundaries. The syntax is designed to identify and distinguish three-dimensional structures based on their shape.RESULTS The variance texture statistical descriptor is useful to describe the average variability in image gray level representing villous atrophy, but does not determine the range in variability and the spatial relationships between regions. Improved textural descriptors will incorporate these factors, so that areas with variability gradients and regions that are orientation dependent can be distinguished. The protrusion syntactic descriptor is useful to detect three-dimensional architectural components, but is limited to identifying objects of a certain shape. Improvement in this descriptor will require incorporating flexibility to the prototypical template, so that protrusions of any shape can be detected, measured, and distinguished.CONCLUSION Improved quantitative descriptors of villous atrophy are being developed, which will be useful in detecting subtle, varying patterns of villous atrophy in the small intestinal mucosa of suspected and known celiac disease patients. | Edward J Ciaccio Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2016，8，18： | 3 |
| 2 | Tracking domestic ducks:A novel approach for documenting poultry market chains in the context of avian influenza transmission显示文摘Agro-ecological conditions associated with the spread and persistence of highly pathogenic avian influenza(HPAI) are not well understood, but the trade of live poultry is suspected to be a major pathway. Although market chains of live bird trade have been studied through indirect means including interviews and questionnaires, direct methods have not been used to identify movements of individual poultry. To bridge the knowledge gap on quantitative movement and transportation of poultry, we introduced a novel approach for applying telemetry to document domestic duck movements from source farms at Poyang Lake, China. We deployed recently developed transmitters that record Global Positioning System(GPS) locations and send them through the Groupe Spécial Mobile(GSM) cellular telephone system. For the first time, we were able to track individually marked ducks from 3 to 396 km from their origin to other farms, distribution facilities, or live bird markets. Our proof of concept test showed that the use of GPS-GSM transmitters may provide direct, quantitative information to document the movement of poultry and reveal their market chains. Our findings provide an initial indication of the complexity of source-market network connectivity and highlight the great potential for futuretelemetry studies in poultry network analyses. | Chang-Yong Choi John Y Takekawa XIONG Yue LIU Ying Martin Wikelski George Heine Diann J Prosser Scott H Newman John Edwards Fusheng Guo Xiangming Xiao | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2016，15，7： | 3 |
| 3 | Implementation of a polling protocol for predicting celiac disease in videocapsule analysis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the presence of small intestinal villous atrophy in celiac disease patients from quantitative analysis of videocapsule image sequences.METHODS: Nine celiac patient data with biopsy-proven villous atrophy and seven control patient data lacking villous atrophy were used for analysis. Celiacs had biopsy-proven disease with scores of Marsh Ⅱ-Ⅲ C except in the case of one hemophiliac patient. At four small intestinal levels (duodenal bulb, distal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), video clips of length 200 frames (100 s) were analyzed. Twenty-four measurements were used for image characterization. These measurements were determined by quantitatively processing the videocapsule images via techniques for texture analysis, motility estimation, volumetric reconstruction using shape-from-shading principles, and image transformation. Each automated measurement method, or automaton, was polled as to whether or not villous atrophy was present in the small intestine, indicating celiac disease. Each automaton's vote was determined based upon an optimized parameter threshold level, with the threshold levels being determined from prior data. A prediction of villous atrophy was made if it received the majority of votes (≥ 13), while no prediction was made for tie votes (12-12). Thus each set of images was classified as being from either a celiac disease patient or from a control patient. RESULTS: Separated by intestinal level, the overall sensitivity of automata polling for predicting villous atrophy and hence celiac disease was 83.9%, while the specificity was 92.9%, and the overall accuracy of automata-based polling was 88.1%. The method of image transformation yielded the highest sensitivity at 93.8%, while the method of texture analysis using subbands had the highest specificity at 76.0%. Similar results of prediction were observed at all four small intestinal locations, but there were more tie votes at location 4 (ileum). Incorrect prediction which reduced sensitivity occurred for two celiac patients with Marsh type Ⅱ pattern, which is characterized by crypt hyperplasia, but normal villous architecture. Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 14.31 ± 3.28 automaton votes for celiac vs 9.67 ± 3.31 automaton votes for control when celiac patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). Pooled from all levels, there was a mean of 9.71 ± 2.8128 automaton votes for celiac vs 14.32 ± 2.7931 automaton votes for control when control patient data was analyzed (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Automata-based polling may be useful to indicate presence of mucosal atrophy, indicative of celiac disease, across the entire small bowel, though this must be confirmed in a larger patient set. Since the method is quantitative and automated, it can potentially eliminate observer bias and enable the detectionof subtle abnormality in patients lacking a clear diagnosis. Our paradigm was found to be more efficacious at proximal small intestinal locations, which may suggest a greater presence and severity of villous atrophy at proximal as compared with distal locations. | Edward J Ciaccio Christina A Tennyson Govind Bhagat Suzanne K Lewis Peter H Green | 2013 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2013，5，7： | 3 |
| 4 | Patterns of genomic and phenomic diversity in wine and table grapes显示文摘Grapes are one of the most economically and culturally important crops worldwide,and they have been bred for both winemaking and fresh consumption.Here we evaluate patterns of diversity across 33 phenotypes collected over a 17-year period from 580 table and wine grape accessions that belong to one of the world’s largest grape gene banks,the grape germplasm collection of the United States Department of Agriculture.We find that phenological events throughout the growing season are correlated,and quantify the marked difference in size between table and wine grapes.By pairing publicly available historical phenotype data with genome-wide polymorphism data,we identify large effect loci controlling traits that have been targeted during domestication and breeding,including hermaphroditism,lighter skin pigmentation and muscat aroma.Breeding for larger berries in table grapes was traditionally concentrated in geographic regions where Islam predominates and alcohol was prohibited,whereas wine grapes retained the ancestral smaller size that is more desirable for winemaking in predominantly Christian regions.We uncover a novel locus with a suggestive association with berry size that harbors a signature of positive selection for larger berries.Our results suggest that religious rules concerning alcohol consumption have had a marked impact on patterns of phenomic and genomic diversity in grapes. | ZoëMigicovsky Jason Sawler Kyle M Gardner Mallikarjuna K Aradhya Bernard H Prins Heidi R Schwaninger Carlos D Bustamante Edward S Buckler Gan-Yuan Zhong Patrick J Brown Sean Myles | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: Five-year results of a randomized trial显示文摘 | Richard M Green William M Abbott Teruo Matsumoto Jock R Wheeler Normand Miller Frank J Veith Sam Money H Edward Garrett | 2000 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2000，，： | 2 |
| 6 | Genetic mapping of 66 new microsatellite(SSR)loci in bread wheat显示文摘 | Gupta P K Balyan H S Edwards K J | 2002 | Theor Appl Genet2002，105，： | 2 |
| 7 | ^238U,^234U and ^232Th in sea water显示文摘 | Chen J H Edwards R L Wasserburg G J | 1986 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters1986，，80： | 1 |
| 8 | Genetic mapping of 66 new microsatellite(SSR) loci in bread wheat显示文摘 | Gupta P K Balyan H S Edwards K J | 2002 | Theor Appl Genet2002，105，： | 1 |
| 9 | Use of FlowCAM for semi automated recognition and enumeration of red tide cells (Karenia brevis) in natural plankton samples显示文摘 | EDWARD J B CAMMIE J H | 2006 | Harmful Algae2006，5，： | 1 |
| 10 | Cloned and Expressed Fungal phyA Gene in Alfalfa Produces a Stable Phytase显示文摘 | Ullah A H J Sethumadhavan K Edward J | 2002 | Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications2002，，290： | 1 |
| 11 | ^238U-^234U -^230Th-^232Th systematics and the precise measurement of time over the past 500 000 years显示文摘 | Edwards R L Chen J H Wasserburg G J | 1986 | Earth and Planetary Science Letters1986，81，： | 1 |
| 12 | The holocene asian monsoon: links to solar changes and North Atlantic climate 显示文摘 | Wang Y J Cheng H Edwards R L | 2005 | Science2005，308，： | 1 |
| 13 | The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230显示文摘 | Cheng H Edwards R L Hoff J A | 2000 | Chem Geol2000，169，： | 1 |
| 14 | Determining the fluxes of Tl^+ and K^+ at the root surface of wheat and canola using Tl( I ) and K ion-selective microelectrodes显示文摘 | JAMES G H MICHAEL J O EDWARD B | 2010 | Plant Soil2010，335，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Control of a desert-grassland transition by a keystone rodent guild显示文摘 | James H B Edward J H | 1990 | Science1990，250，： | 1 |
| 16 | Sea floor bioaheration of sulfide minerals: results from in situ incubation studies显示文摘 | Edwards K J Mccollom T M Konishi H | 2003 | Geoehimica et Cosmochimica Aeta2003，67，28： | 1 |
| 17 | Characterazation of plastein reaction products formed by pepsin, α-chymotrypsin, and papain treat- ment of egg albumin hydrolysates显示文摘 | Edwards J H Shipe W F | 1978 | Food Science1978，43，4： | 1 |
| 18 | The dener school-based adolescend hepatitis B vaccine program;A cost analysis with fist simulation显示文摘 | Robert R D Edward J H Rebecca S | 1997 | Am J Public Health1997，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | High resolution characterization of the asian monsoon between 146 0013 and 99 0013 years B P from Dongge Cave, China and global correlation of events surrounding Termination Ⅱ 显示文摘 | Kelly M J Edwards L R Cheng H | 2006 | Palaeogeography Palaeeclimatology Palaeoecology 20062006，236，： | 1 |
| 20 | Electron microscopic studies of ganglion cells following crushing of dorsal roots in adult rats显示文摘 | EDWARD J H DORIS R | 1973 | JU ltrostruc Res1973，45，： | 1 |
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