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| 1 | Origin of the Earth:A proposal of new model called ABEL显示文摘The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon(C),hydrogen(H),oxygen(O),and nitrogen(N) which peaked at 4.37-4.20 Ga.This two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model(ABEL Model) and the event of the advent of bio-elements(water component) as ABEL Bombardment.It is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other isotopes.On the other hand,Earth's water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic ratio.We present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive planet.If ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the Earth.Therefore,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable planet.The chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer model.ABEL Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer models.Also,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth. | Shigenori Maruyama Toshikazu Ebisuzaki | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，2： | 10 |
| 2 | Nuclear geyser model of the origin of life:Driving force to promote the synthesis of building blocks of life显示文摘We propose the nuclear geyser model to elucidate an optimal site to bear the first life.Our model overcomes the difficulties that previously proposed models have encountered.Nuclear geyser is a geyser driven by a natural nuclear reactor,which was likely common in the Hadean Earth,because of a much higher abundance of ^(235)U as nuclear fuel.The nuclear geyser supplies the following:(1)high-density ionizing radiation to promote chemical chain reactions that even tar can be used for intermediate material to restart chemical reactions,(2)a system to maintain the circulation of material and energy,which includes cyclic environmental conditions(warm/cool,dry/wet,etc.)to enable to produce complex organic compounds,(3)a lower temperature than 100℃ as not to break down macromolecular organic compounds,(4)a locally reductive environment depending on rock types exposed along the geyser wall,and(5)a container to confine and accumulate volatile chemicals.These five factors are the necessary conditions that the birth place of life must satisfy.Only the nuclear geyser can meet all five,in contrast to the previously proposed birth sites,such as tidal flat,submarine hydrothermal vent,and outer space.The nuclear reactor and associated geyser,which maintain the circulations of material and energy with its surrounding environment,are regarded as the nuclear geyser system that enables numerous kinds of chemical reactions to synthesize complex organic compounds,and where the most primitive metabolism could be generated. | Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Shigenori Maruyama | 2017 | Geoscience Frontiers2017，8，2： | 2 |
| 3 | Initiation of leaking Earth: An ultimate trigger of the Cambrian explosion显示文摘 | S. Maruyama Y. Sawaki T. Ebisuzaki M. Ikoma S. Omori T. Komabayashi | 2013 | Gondwana Research2013，，： | 2 |
| 4 | High-reliability zircon separation for hunting the oldest material on Earth: An automatic zircon separator with image-processing/microtweezers-manipulating system and double-step dating显示文摘Despite the recent development in radiometric dating of numerous zircons by LA-ICPMS, mineral separation still remains a major obstacle, particularly in the search for the oldest material on Earth. To improve the efficiency in zircon separation by an order of magnitude, we have designed/developed a new machine-an automatic zircon separator(AZS). This is designed particularly for automatic pick-up of100 μm-sized zircon grains out of a heavy mineral fraction after conventional separation procedures. The AZS operates in three modes:(1) image processing to choose targeted individual zircon grains out of all heavy minerals spread on a tray,(2) automatic capturing of the individual zircon grains with microtweezers, and(3) placing them one-by-one in a coordinated alignment on a receiving tray. The automatic capturing was designed/created for continuous mineral selecting without human presence for many hours. This software also enables the registration of each separated zircon grain for dating, by recording digital photo-image, optical(color) indices, and coordinates on a receiving tray. We developed two new approaches for the dating; i.e.(1) direct dating of zircons selected by LA-ICPMS without conventional resin-mounting/polishing,(2) high speed U-Pb dating, combined with conventional sample preparation procedures using the new equipment with multiple-ion counting detectors(LA-MIC-ICPMS).With the first approach, Pb-Pb ages obtained from the surface of a mineral were crosschecked with the interior of the same grain after resin-mounting/polishing. With the second approach, the amount of time required for dating one zircon grain is ca. 20 s, and a sample throughput of >150 grains per hour can be achieved with sufficient precision(ca. 0.5%).We tested the practical efficiency of the AZS, by analyzing an Archean Jack Hills conglomerate in Western Australia with the known oldest(>4.3 Ga) zircon on Earth. Preliminary results are positive; we were able to obtain more than 194 zircons that are over 4.0 Ga out of ca. 3800 checked grains, and 9 grains were over 4300 Ma with the oldest at 4371 ± 7 Ma. This separation system by AZS, combined with the new approaches, guarantees much higher yield in the hunt for old zircons. | Yukio Isozaki Shinji Yamamoto Shuhei Sakata Hideyuki Obayashi Takafumi Hirata Ken-ichi Obori Toshinori Maebayashi Satoshi Takeshima Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Shigenori Maruyama | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject显示文摘 | J. M. Slingo K. R. Sperber J. S. Boyle J.-P. Ceron M. Dix B. Dugas W. Ebisuzaki J. Fyfe D. Gregory J.-F. Gueremy J. Hack A. Harzallah P. Inness A. Kitoh W. K.-M. Lau B. McAvaney R. Madden A. Matthews T. N. Palmer C.-K. Parkas D. Randall N. Renno | 1996 | Climate Dynamics1996，，5： | 1 |
| 6 | NCEP-DEO AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2)显示文摘 | KANAMITSU M EBISUZAKI W WOOLLEN J | 2002 | Bull Amer Meteor Soc2002，83，11： | 1 |
| 7 | The ncep-doe amip-II reanalysis (r-2) 显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M Ebisuzaki W Woolen J | 2002 | Bull Amer Meteor Soc2002，83，： | 1 |
| 8 | NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2)显示文摘 | KANAMITSU M EBISUZAKI W WOOLLEN J | 2002 | Bull Amer Meteor Soc2002，，： | 1 |
| 9 | The NCEP/NCAR 40-yeax reanalysis project 显示文摘 | E Kalnay M Kanamitsu R Kistler WCollins D Deaven L Gandin M Iredell S Saha G White J Woollen Y Zhu M Chelliah W Ebisuzaki W Higgins J Janowiak KC Mo C Ropelewski J Wang A Leetmaa R Reynolds R Jenne D Joseph | 1996 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (S0003-0007)1996，77，3： | 1 |
| 10 | NCEP-DOE AMIP II Rcanalysis (R-2) 显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M W Ebisuzaki J Woollen | 2002 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Sociely2002，83，11： | 1 |
| 11 | NCEP - DOE AMIP - II Reanalysis ( R - 2 ) 显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M Ebisuzaki W Woollen J | 2002 | Bull Amer Meteor Soc2002，93，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject显示文摘 | J. M. Slingo K. R. Sperber J. S. Boyle J.-P. Ceron M. Dix B. Dugas W. Ebisuzaki J. Fyfe D. Gregory J.-F. Gueremy J. Hack A. Harzallah P. Inness A. Kitoh W. K.-M. Lau B. McAvaney R. Madden A. Matthews T. N. Palmer C.-K. Parkas D. Randall N. Renno | 1996 | Climate Dynamics1996，，5： | 1 |
| 13 | First-Principles of Elastic Properties of Solid Argon at High Pressure 显示文摘 | Litaka T Ebisuzaki T | 2000 | RIKEN Review2000，48，： | 1 |
| 14 | NCEP/DOE AMIP-Ⅱ Reanalysis ( R-2 ) 显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M Ebisuzaki W Woollen J | 2002 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society2002，83，： | 1 |
| 15 | NCEP-DOE AMP-Ⅱ reanalysis(R-2)显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M Ebisuzaki W Woollen J | 2002 | Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society2002，83，11： | 1 |
| 16 | NCEP-- DOE AMIP - II Reanalysis (R - 2 ) 显示文摘 | Masao Kanamttsu Wesley Ebisuzaki Jack Woollen | 2002 | Bull Amer Meteor Soc2002，83，11： | 1 |
| 17 | First-principles calculation of elastic properties of solid argon at high pressures显示文摘 | Iitaka T Ebisuzaki T | 2002 | Phys Rev2002，65，01： | 1 |
| 18 | NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2) 显示文摘 | Kanamitsu M Ebisuzaki W Woollen J | 2002 | Bulletin of the American Meteoro- logical Society2002，83，： | 1 |
| 19 | Intraseasonal oscillations in 15 atmospheric general circulation models: results from an AMIP diagnostic subproject显示文摘 | J. M. Slingo K. R. Sperber J. S. Boyle J.-P. Ceron M. Dix B. Dugas W. Ebisuzaki J. Fyfe D. Gregory J.-F. Gueremy J. Hack A. Harzallah P. Inness A. Kitoh W. K.-M. Lau B. McAvaney R. Madden A. Matthews T. N. Palmer C.-K. Parkas D. Randall N. Renno | 1996 | Climate Dynamics1996，，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Extended studyof molecular dynamics simulation of homogeneous vapor-liquidnucleation of water显示文摘 | Matsubara H Koishi T Ebisuzaki T | 2007 | Journal of Chemical Physics2007，127，21： | 1 |
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