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| 1 | Predicting lower limb periprosthetic joint infections: A review of risk factors and their classification显示文摘AIM To undertook a systematic review to determine factors that increase a patient's risk of developing lower limb periprosthetic joint infections(PJI).METHODS This systematic review included full-text studies that reviewed risk factors of developing either a hip or knee PJI following a primary arthroplasty published from January 1998 to November 2016. A variety of keywords were used to identify studies through international databases referencing hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, infection, and risk factors. Studies were only included if they included greater than 20 patients in their study cohort, and there was clear documentation of the statistical parameter used; specifically P-value, hazard ratio, relative risk, or/and odds ratio(OR). Furthermore a quality assessment criteria for the individual studies was undertaken to evaluate the presence of record and reporting bias. RESULTS Twenty-seven original studies reviewing risk factors relating to primary total hip and knee arthroplasty infections were included. Four studies(14.8%) reviewed PJI of the hip, 3(11.21%) of the knee, and 20(74.1%) reviewed both joints. Nineteen studies(70.4%) were retrospective and 8(29.6%) prospective. Record bias was identified in the majority of studies(66.7%). The definition of PJI varied amongst the studies but there was a general consensus to define infection by previously validated methods. The most significant risks were the use of preoperative high dose steroids(OR = 21.0, 95%CI: 3.5-127.2, P < 0.001), a BMI above 50(OR = 18.3, P < 0.001), tobacco use(OR = 12.76, 95%CI: 2.47-66.16, P= 0.017), body mass index below 20(OR = 6.00, 95%CI: 1.2-30.9, P = 0.033), diabetes(OR = 5.47, 95%CI: 1.77-16.97, P = 0.003), and coronary artery disease(OR = 5.10, 95%CI: 1.3-19.8, P = 0.017).CONCLUSION We have highlighted the need for the provider to optimise modifiable risk factors, and develop strategies to limit the impact of non-modifiable factors. | David A George Lorenzo Drago Sara Scarponi Enrico Gallazzi Fares S Haddad Carlo L Romano | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 3 |
| 2 | Review of Probi-otics Available to Modify Gastrointestinal Flora显示文摘 | GISMONDO M R DRAGO L LOMBARDY A | 1999 | International Journalof Antimicrobial Agents1999，12，： | 1 |
| 3 | Activity of levofloxacin and ciprofloxaein in combination with cefepime, ceftaeidime, imipenem,piperacillin-tazobactom and amikacin against different Pseudomonas aeruginosa phenotypes and Acinetobacter spp显示文摘 | Drago L Devecchi E Nicola L | 2004 | Chemotherapy2004，50，： | 1 |
| 4 | In vitro antimicrobial activity of a novel propolis formulation (actichelated propolis)显示文摘 | Drago L De Vecchi E Nicola L | 2007 | J Appl Microbo12007，103，5： | 1 |
| 5 | In vitro evaluation of antibiotics' combinations for empirical therapy of suspected methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus severe respiratory infections显示文摘 | Drago L De Vecchi E Nicola L | 2007 | BMC lnfect Dis2007，7，： | 1 |
| 6 | In vitro selection of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp by levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination with β- lactams and amikacin显示文摘 | Drago L Deveceni E Nicola L | 2005 | Antimicrob Chemotber2005，56，2： | 1 |
| 7 | In vitro antimicrobial activity of propolis dry extract 显示文摘 | Drago L Mombelli B De Vecchi E | 2000 | J Chemother2000，12，5： | 1 |
| 8 | In vitro selection of resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp by levofloxacin and ciproflraacin alone and in combination with B-lactams and amikacin显示文摘 | Drago L Deveceni E Nicola L | 2005 | J Antimicrob Chemother2005，56，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Comparison of nested PCR and real time PCR of herpes virus infections of central nervous system in HIV patients显示文摘 | Drago L Lombardi A Vecchi ED | 2004 | BMC Infect Dis2004，4，： | 1 |
| 10 | Review of probiotics availa-ble to modify gastrointestinal flora 显示文摘 | GISMONDO M R DRAGO L LOMBARDI A | 1999 | Int J Antimicrob Agents1999，12，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Activity of levofloxacin and ciproloxacin in combination with cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, piperacillin-lazobactam and amikacin against different Pseudomonas aeruginosa phertoypes and Actinetobader spp显示文摘 | Drago G Vecchi ED Nicola L | 2004 | Chemotherapy2004，50，4： | 1 |
| 12 | A case of coinfection in a chronic maxillary sinusitis of odontogenic origin: identifica- tion of Dialister pneumosintes显示文摘 | Drago L Vassena C Saibene A M | 2013 | J Endod2013，39，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of Bacillus anthracis spores in clinical samples显示文摘 | DRAGO L LOMBARDI A VECCHI E D | 2002 | Clinical Microbiology2002，40，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Immmuostimulating effect of oral glutamine显示文摘 | Gismondo MR Drago L Fassina MC | 1998 | Dig Dis Sci1998，43，8： | 1 |
| 15 | Damage in carbon fiber-reinforced concrete,monitored by electrical resistance measurement显示文摘 | Bontea Dragos Marian Chung D D L | 2000 | Cement Concr Res2000，30，： | 1 |
| 16 | The safety cefepime in the treatment of infec tion显示文摘 | Drago L Vecchi ED | 2008 | Ezpert Opin Ding Saf2008，7，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Mitochondria:the calcium connection显示文摘 | Contreras L Drago I Zampese E | 2010 | Biochim Biophys Acta2010，1797，67： | 1 |
| 18 | Immunostimulating effect of oral glutamine 显示文摘 | Gismondo MR Drago L Fassina MC | 1998 | Dig Dis Sci1998，43，8： | 1 |
| 19 | The role of neutrophils in comeal wound healing inHO-2 null mice显示文摘 | Marrazzo G Bellner L Halilovic A Li Volti G Drago F DunnMW | 2011 | PLoS One2011，6，21： | 1 |
| 20 | Immunostimulating effect of oral glutamine 显示文摘 | Gismondo MR Drago L Fassina MC | 1998 | Dig Dis Sci1998，43，8： | 1 |
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