| 1 | A potato late blight resistance gene protects against multiple Phytophthora species by recognizing a broadly conserved RXLR-WY effector显示文摘Species of the genus Phytophthora,the plant killer,cause disease and reduce yields in many crop plants.Although many Resistance to Phytophthora infestans(Rpi)genes effective against potato late blight have been cloned,few have been cloned against other Phytophthora species.Most Rpi genes encode nucleotide-binding domain,leucine-rich repeat-containing(NLR)immune receptor proteins that recognize RXLR(Arg-X-Leu-Arg)effectors.However,whether NLR proteins can recognize RXLR effectors from multiple Phytophthora species has rarely been investigated.Here,we identified a new RXLR-WY effector AVRamr3 from P.infestans that is recognized by Rpi-amr3 from a wild Solanaceae species Solanum americanum.Rpi-amr3 associates with AVRamr3 in planta.AVRamr3 is broadly conserved in many different Phytophthora species,and the recognition of AVRamr3 homologs by Rpi-amr3 activates resistance against multiple Phytophthora pathogens,including the tobacco black shank disease and cacao black pod disease pathogens P.parasitica and P.palmivora.Rpi-amr3 is thus the first characterized resistance gene that acts against P.parasitica or P.palmivora.These findings suggest a novel path to redeploy known R genes against different important plant pathogens. | Xiao Lin Andrea Olave-Achury Robert Heal Marina Pais Kamil Witek Hee-Kyung Ahn He Zhao Shivani Bhanvadia Hari S.Karki Tianqiao Song Chih-hang Wu Hiroaki Adachi Sophien Kamoun Vivianne G.A.A.Vleeshouwers Jonathan D.G.Jones | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，9： | 2 |
| 3 | RNA Splicing:A Novel Pathogen Effector Target显示文摘Potato late blight caused by the notorious oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans led to the Irish famine in the 1840s.To date,this disease still remains a challenge for potato production(Figure 1).Effector proteins help P.infestans to infect their host plants,including potato and tomato.In summer 2004,in the Joint Genome Institute(Walnut Creek,California),some Phytophthora researchers gathered at an'Effector table,'and by aligning the amino acid sequences of many unpublished effector proteins from Phytophthora pathogens,revealed that all of them possess conserved Arg-any residue-Leu-Arg(RXLR)and Glu-Glu-Arg(EER)motifs post signal peptides(Govers and Gijzen,2006).In 2009,the genome sequence of P.infestans strain T30-4 was published and 563 RXLR effectors were predicted.Since then,many high-throughput'effectoromics'screening strategies were carried out and effectors were identified that trigger a hypersensitive response(HR)on some host genotypes,or that function as cell death repressors or RNA silencing suppressors.However,the function of most RXLR effectors remains unknown. | Xiao Lin Jonathan D.G.Jones | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，10： | 0 |
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