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| 1 | Chinese stalagmite paleoclimate researches: A review and perspective显示文摘Stalagmite is one kind of secondary carbonates formed in limestone caves(speleothem). After cave water droplets containing Ca2+and HCO3 drip onto floor, carbonate in the water might become supersaturated due to CO2 degassing under certain conditions, resulting in the formation of stalagmite in a process year after year. Stalagmite is one of important geological archives for paleoclimate research. The advantages include wide spatial distribution, suitable for U-Th and U-Pb dating, enriched in climate proxies, continuity, long time span, comparability and lower sampling cost etc. These factors have propelled stalagmite paleoclimate research to the forefront of global paleoclimatology with an irreplaceable role. The stalagmite paleoclimate study started in the western countries, mainly in Europe and America in 1960 s–1970 s, while the relevant research in China was progressively developed in the 1980 s–1990 s after the Reform and Opening up. Although there was a huge gap between the overall research level in China and western countries, a solid research foundation, as well as a number of talent teams were established during the period. In the 21 st century, starting from the publication of stalagmite records from Hulu Cave in Nanjing in 2001, the stalagmite paleoclimate research in China has ushered in a flourishing development and a real leap on the basis of international cooperation, resulting in significant international impacts. The landmark achievements, including establishment of the world’s longest(640000 years) East Asian monsoon stalagmite record, as well as the longest Indian monsoon(280000 years),South American monsoon(250000 years), North American westerly climate(330000 years), Central Asian westerly climate(135000 years), and northwestern China westerly climate(500000 years), have laid a milestone in the paleoclimate study in these climate domains. Importantly, these stalagmite records have revealed the relationship of Asian monsoon variations with solar insolation climate change in polar regions, and the South American monsoon changes on orbital-suborbital timescales, which have provided new geological observations for the development of orbital-suborbital climate theory;elaborated coupling and differentiation relationships between the Asian monsoon and the westerly climate;reconstructed the history of Asian monsoon changes in the Holocene in detail, and thus the hydrological and climate variances behind Chinese and Indian civilizationcultural evolutions. Furthermore, a large number of high-resolution stalagmite records over the past 2000 years have been reconstructed, which are important for understanding short-term climate variability and magnitude, events, cycles, and thus the future climate projection. The achievements have also involved the improvements of a number of important techniques, such as U-Th dating method, the establishments of various hydroclimatic proxies, as well as the contributions to the reconstruction of the atmosphere14C variation history over the past ~54000 years. On the perspective of the future, the Chinese stalagmite community should continue to develop key techniques, further clarify the hydroclimatic significance of stalagmite proxies, impel the integration of related disciplines, and concentrate on key scientific issues in global climate change and major social demands. | Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Jingyao ZHAO Hanying LI Youfeng NING Gayatri KATHAYAT | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，10： | 17 |
| 2 | Evaluation and Analysis of Provincial Differences in Resources and Environment Carrying Capacity in China显示文摘Resources and environment carrying capacity is central to not only regional sustainable development but also major function-oriented zoning. This paper presents an evaluation index system for resources and environment carrying capacity based on four aspects of carrying capacity(i.e., water resources, land resources, the environment, and ecosystems) by using a square deviation decision-making method, and on the basis of above effort evaluates the resources and environment carrying capacity across 31 provincial regions in China(not including Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions of China). In addition, this paper evaluates the current state of socio-economic development, and analyzes the spatial distribution of resources and environment pressure. The results showed that distinct spatial differences in resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure across provincial regions. Resources and environment pressure is affected by both comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity and socio-economic development. Regions subjected to lower degrees of resources and environment pressure will be restricted by resources and environmental problems through future courses of development owing to excessively low carrying capacities. By contrast, regions with higher comprehensive resources and environment carrying capacity will be subjected to excessively high levels of resources and environment pressure because of rapid socio-economic development. Both of resources and environment carrying capacity and pressure must therefore be considered in the allocation of country-binding targets to provincial regions. | CHENG Jingyao ZHOU Kan CHEN Dong FAN Jie | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，4： | 14 |
| 3 | Orbital-scale Asian summer monsoon variations:Paradox and exploration显示文摘The Asian summer monsoon(ASM) is a vast climate system, whose variability is critical to the livelihoods of billions of people across the Asian continent. During the past half-century, much progress has been made in understanding variations on a wide range of timescales, yet several significant issues remain unresolved. Of note are two long-standing problems concerning orbital-scale variations of the ASM.(1) Chinese loess magnetic susceptibility records show a persistent glacial-interglacial dominated ~100 kyr(thousand years) periodicity, while the cave oxygen-isotope(δ18 O) records reveal periodicity in an almost pure precession band(~20 kyr periodicity)—the 'Chinese 100 kyr problem'.(2) ASM records from the Arabian Sea and other oceans surrounding the Asian continent show a significant lag of 8–10 kyr to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation(NHSI), whereas the Asian cave δ18 O records follow NHSI without a significant lag—a discrepancy termed the 'sea-land precession-phase paradox'. How can we reconcile these differences? Recent and more refined model simulations now provide spatial patterns of rainfall and wind across the precession cycle, revealing distinct regional divergences in the ASM domain, which can well explain a large portion of the disparities between the loess, marine, and cave proxy records. Overall, we also find that the loess, marine, and cave records are indeed complementary rather than incompatible, with each record preferentially describing a certain aspect of ASM dynamics. Our study provides new insight into the understanding of different hydroclimatic proxies and largely reconciles the 'Chinese 100 kyr problem' and 'sea-land precession-phase paradox'. | Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Yanjun CAI Zhengguo SHI Liang YI Chenglong DENG Qingzhen HAO Youbing PENG Ashish SINHA Hanying LI Jingyao ZHAO Ye TIAN Jonathan BAKER Carlos PEREZ-MEJIAS | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，4： | 6 |
| 4 | HMGB1-mediated autophagy promotes gefitinib resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer显示文摘Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)ranks the first in incidence and mortality among malignant tumors in China.Molecular targeted therapies such as gefitinib,an oral inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase,have shown significant benefits in patients with advanced NSCLC.However,most patients have unsatisfactory outcomes due to the development of drug resistance,and there is an urgent need to better understand the pathways involved in the resistance mechanisms.In this study,we found that HMGB1 is highly expressed in drug-resistant cells and confers to gefitinib resistance in NSCLC cells via activating autophagy process.Gefitinib upregulates HMGB1 expression in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners in human NSCLC cells.RNA interference-mediated knockdown of HMGB1 reduces PC9GR cell viability,induces apoptosis,and partially restores gefitinib sensitivity.Mechanistic analyses indicate that elevated HMGB1 expression contributes to gefitinib resistance by inducing autophagy.Thus,our results suggest that HMGB1 is an autophagy regulator and plays a key role in gefitinib resistance of NSCLC. | Tianyao Lei Jiali Huang Fei Xie Jingyao Gu Zhixiang Cheng Zhaoxia Wang | 2022 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2022，54，4： | 2 |
| 5 | Nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual-and auditory-related nervous tissues, in a macaque model of type 2 diabetes显示文摘The present study detected distribution and expression of nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory-related nervous tissues, in a macaque model of type 2 diabetes using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that nerve growth factor expression decreased, but inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased, in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory- related nervous tissues. These results suggested that nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase play an important role in regulating the development of diabetic visual- and auditory-related diseases. | Qihui Luo Wentao Liu Jingyao Chen Mingshu Wang Wen Zeng Zhengli Chen Anchun Cheng | 2012 | Neural Regeneration Research2012，7，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Milankovitch theory and monsoon显示文摘The widely accepted“Milankovitch theory”explains insolation-induced waxing and waning of the ice sheets and their effect on the global climate on orbital timescales.In the past half century,however,the theory has often come under scrutiny,especially regarding its“100-ka problem.”Another drawback,but the one that has received less attention,is the“monsoon problem,”which pertains to the exclusion of monsoon dynamics in classic Milankovitch theory even though the monsoon prevails over the vast low-latitude(30N to30S)region that covers half of the Earth’s surface and receives the bulk of solar radiation.In this review,we discuss the major issues with the current form of Milankovitch theory and the progress made at the research forefront. | Hai Cheng Hanying Li Lijuan Sha Ashish Sinha Zhengguo Shi Qiuzhen Yin Zhengyao Lu Debo Zhao Yanjun Cai Yongyun Hu Qingzhen Hao Jun Tian Gayatri Kathayat Xiyu Dong Jingyao Zhao Haiwei Zhang | 2022 | The Innovation2022，3，6： | 0 |
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