| 1 | Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia显示文摘Background:Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Lao PDR)and two provinces in Cambodia,together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence,the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible.However,sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved.We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S.mekongi-endemic areas.Methods:The prevalence and infection intensity of S.mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination,antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests.Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens(CCA,CAA)in urine and serum were utilized.Results:Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S.mekongi of 6.4%(one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR),while that of Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp.were 50.4%,28.1%,3.5%,0.3%and 1.9%,respectively.In the urine samples,the tests for CCA and CAA detected S.mekongi infections in 21.0%and 38.7%of the study participants,respectively.In the serum samples,the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%,while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%.There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR.Conclusions:The CCA,CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S.mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears.Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously.Hence,sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of S.mekongi.The pivotal role of highly sensitive diagnostic assays in areas targeting elimination cannot be overemphasised. | Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert Jvan Dam Pytsje THoekstra Paul L.A.M.Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Strongyloides stercoralis prevalence and diagnostics in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic显示文摘Background:Despite the high prevalence of strongyloidiasis in the Laotian population,Laotian hospitals still lack diagnostic capacity to appropriately diagnose Strongyloides stercoralis infections.This cross-sectional hospital-based study was conducted to assess the prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among hospitalized patients treated at Mahosot Hospital,the primary reference hospital of Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Lao PDR),and to validate feasible methods for diagnosing S.stercoralis infection at hospital’s laboratory.Methods:Between September and December 2018,stool samples of 104 inpatients were investigated for S.stercoralis infection by wet smear,Baermann technique,Koga Agar plate culture(KAPC),and real-time detection polymerase chain reaction(RTD-PCR)at the Infectious Diseases Ward of the Mahosot Hospital in Vientiane.The sensitivity,the specificity,the negative predictive value(NPV)of each diagnostic test,as well as their combination(s)was calculated using a composite reference standard(CRS).The correlation of the different test methods was assessed by chi-square or Fisher’s exact test.Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to assess the diagnostic agreement of the different test methods.Results:The overall prevalence of S.stercoralis infections among the study population was 33.4%.The cumulative infection prevalence statistically significantly increased from the lowest age group of 40 years and below(22.4%),to the medium(40.0%)and to the oldest age group of 61 year and above(72.7%)(P=0.003).The cumulative infection prevalence of CRS was considerably higher in male(40.4%)compared to female patients(28.1%),but not statistically different(P=0.184).The diagnostic sensitivity of Baermann technique,KAPC,RTD-PCR,and the combination of Baermann technique and KAPC were 60.0,60.0,74.3,and 77.1%,respectively.Only 13 patients(37.1%)of the total 35 S.stercoralis patients diagnosed with any technique had a simultaneously positive diagnostic test with Baermann,KAPC and RTD-PCR.Conclusions:We identified Baermann technique and KAPC to be currently the most feasible and implementable standard methods for diagnosing S.stercoralis at a hospital setting such as Mahosot Hospital and provincial and district hospitals in Lao PDR and other low-and middle income countries in Southeast Asia.Trial registration:This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research in Lao PDR(reference no.083/NECHR)and by the Ethics Committee Northwest and Central Switzerland(reference no.2018–00594). | Somaphone Chankongsin Rahel Wampfler Marie-Therese Ruf Peter Odermatt Hanspeter Marti Beatrice Nickel Valy Keoluangkhot Andreas Neumayr | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，5： | 0 |
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