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| 1 | Molecular targets in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis显示文摘Alcohol related costs to health and society are high. One of the most serious complications of alcohol misuse to the individual is the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a clinical syndrome of jaundice and progressive inflammatory liver injury in patients with a history of recent heavy alcohol use. It has a poor outcome and few existing successful therapies. The use of glucocorticoids in patients with severe AH is still controversial and there remains a group of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant disease. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition improves there are opportunities to develop new targeted therapies with specific actions to control liver inflammation without having a detrimental effect on the immune system as a whole. In this article we review the molecular mechanisms of AH concentrating on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. We consider existing treatments including glucocorticoids, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and pentoxifylline and their limitations. Using our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis we discuss possible novel therapeutic approaches. New targets include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, chemokines and their receptors (for example IL-8, CXCL9 and CXCR3) and augmentation of anti-inflam- matory molecules such as IL-10 and IL-22. And there is also future potential to consider combination therapy to selectively modulate the immune response and gain control of disease. | Ashwin D Dhanda Richard WL Lee Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，39： | 9 |
| 2 | Is liver biopsy necessary in the management of alcoholic hepatitis?显示文摘Acute alcoholic hepatitis(AAH)is characterised by deep jaundice in patients with a history of heavy alcohol use,which can progress to liver failure.A clinical diagnosis of AAH can be challenging to make in patients without a clear alcohol history or in the presence of risk factors for other causes of acute liver failure.Other causes of acute on chronic liver failure such as sepsis or variceal haemorrhage should be considered.Liver biopsy remains the only reliable method to make an accurate diagnosis.However,there is controversy surrounding the use of liver biopsy in patients with AAH because of the risks of performing a percutaneous biopsy and limitations in access to transjugular biopsy.We review the existing literature and find there are few studies directly comparing clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH.In the small number of studies that have been conducted the correlation between a clinical and histological diagnosis of AAH is poor.Due to this lack of agreement together with difficulties in accessing transjugular liver biopsy outside tertiary referral centres and research institutions,we cannot advocate universal biopsy for AAH but there remains a definite role for liver biopsy where there is clinical diagnostic doubt or dual pathology.Italso adds value in a clinical trial context to ensure a homogeneous trial population and to further our understanding of the disease pathology.Further prospective studies are required to determine whether non-invasive markers can be used to accurately diagnose AAH. | Ashwin D Dhanda Peter L Collins C Anne McCune | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 4 |
| 3 | Development andvalidation of screening and confirmatory methods for the detectionof chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide using SPRbiosensor and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Ashwin H M Stead S L Taylor J C | 2005 | Anal Chim Acta2005，529，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Tissue distribution of quercetin in rats and pigs 显示文摘 | Vincent C J Ashwin A D Hester W | 2005 | J Nutr2005，135，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Facial emotion processing in schizophrenia:a non-specific neuropsycholocal deficit Psychol Med显示文摘 | Clotet EP Hynes F Ashwin C | 2010 | Schizophr Res2010，40，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Differential activation of amygdala and the 'social brain' during fearful face-processing in Asperger Syndrome显示文摘 | Ashwin C Baron-Cohen S | 2007 | Neruopsychologia2007，45，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Development and validation of screening and confirmatory methods for the detection of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide using SPR biosensor and liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Ashwin H M Stead S L Taylor J C | 2005 | Anal Chim Acta2005，529，： | 1 |
| 8 | Alcohol, DNA Methylation, and Cancer显示文摘 | Varela-Rey Marta Woodhoo Ashwin Martinez-Chantar Maria-Luz Mato José M Lu Shelly C | 2013 | Alcohol Research2013，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Differential activation of the amygdala and the social brain during fearful face-prncessing in asperger syndrome显示文摘 | Ashwin C Baron-Cohen S Wheelwright S | 2007 | Neuropsychologia2007，45，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Planer negative refractive index media using periodically L - CLoaded transmission lines 显示文摘 | George V Eleftheriades Ashwin K lyer Peter C Kremer | 2004 | IEEE Trans Micro TheoTech2004，50，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Planar negative refractive index media using periodically L- C loaded transmission lines 显示文摘 | George V Eleftheriades Ashwin K lyer Peter C Kremer | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques2002，50，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Development and validation of screening and confirmatory methods for the detection of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol glucuronide using SPR biosensor and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Ashwin H M Stead S L Taylor J C | 2005 | Analytica Chimica Acta2005，529，： | 1 |
| 13 | Laterality biases to chimeric faces in Asperger syndrome:what is 'right' about face- processing显示文摘 | Ashwin C Wheelwright S Baron-Cohen S | 2005 | J Autism Dev Disord2005，35，： | 1 |
| 14 | Calculation of the periodic spectral components in a chaotic DC-DC converter显示文摘 | Deane J H B Ashwin P Hamill D C Jefferies D J | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications1999，46，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Symbolic analysis for some planar piecewise linear maps 显示文摘 | FU X C ASHWIN P | 2003 | Discr and Contin Dynam Syst2003，9，： | 1 |
| 16 | Arsenic-stimulated liver sinusoidal capillarization in mice requires NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide显示文摘 | Straub Adam C Clark Katherine A Ross Mark A Chandra Ashwin G Li Song Gao Xiang Pagano Patrick J Stolz Donna B Barchowsky Aaron | 2008 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2008，，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Optimized light absorption in Si wire array solar cells显示文摘 | Hadiseh Alaeian Ashwin C Atre Jennifer A Dionne | 2012 | Journal of Optics2012，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Talent in autism: hyper-systemizing, hyper-attention to detail and sensory hypersensitivity显示文摘 | Baron-Cohen S Ashwin E Ashwin C | 2009 | Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci2009，364，1522： | 1 |
| 19 | Calculation of the periodic spectral components in a chaotic DC-DC converter 显示文摘 | Deane J H B Ashwin Peter Hamill D C | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-1:Fundamental Theory and Applications1999，46，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Development and validation of screening and confirmatory methods for the detection of ehloramphenieol and chloramphenieol glueuronide using SPR biosensor and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | ASHWIN H M STEAD S L TAYLOR J C | 2005 | Analytica Chimica Acta2005，529，： | 1 |
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