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| 1 | A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns显示文摘发展史长通知了蕨类植物分类。当我们推断进化的树的能力改善了,针对认出生来的组的分类变得逐渐地预兆、稳定。这里,我们为 lycophytes 和蕨纲植物提供一个现代、全面分类,在下面,利用一条基于社区的途径类水平。我们 monophyly 用作主要标准让 taxa,而且目的识别保存两个广泛地被接受的存在 taxa 和界限并且与我们蕨类植物发展史的理解一致。总共,这个分类对待一在 337 个类, 51 个家庭, 14 目,和二个班估计了 11 916 种类。这个分类没在 lycophyte 和蕨纲植物上作为最后的词被打算分类,而是当前的假设的概括陈述,源于最好的可得到的数据并且在问题由熟悉植物的那些大多数塑造了。我们希望它将在蕨类植物上为最近的文学的那些想要的参考用作一个资源发展史和分类,为指导未来调查的一个框架,和推进讲话的刺激。 | Eric Schuettpelz Harald Schneider Alan R. Smith Peter Hovenkamp Jefferson Prado Germinal Rouhan Alexandre Salino Michael Sundue Thafs Elias Almeida Barbara Parris Emily B. Sessa Ashley R. Field Andre Luis de Gasper Carl J. Rothfels Michael D. Windham Marcus Lehnert Benjamin Dauphin Atsushi Ebihara Samuli Lehtonen Pedro Bond Schwartsburd Jordan Metzgar Li-Bing Zhang Li-Yaung Kuo Patrick J. Brownsey Masahiro Kato Marcelo Daniel Arana Francine C. Assis Michael S. Barker David S. Barrington Ho-Ming Chang Yi-Han Chang Yi-Shan Chao Cheng-Wei Chen De-Kui Chen Wen-Liang Chiou Vinicius Antonio de Oliveira Dittrich Yi-Fan Duan Jean-Yves Dubuisson Donald R. Farrar Susan Fawcett Jose Maria Gabriel y Galan Luiz Armando de Araujo Goes-Neto Jason R. Grant Amanda L. Grusz Christopher Haufler Warren Hauk Hai He Sabine Hennequin Regina Yoshie Hirai Layne Huiet Michael Kessler Petra Korall Paulo H. Labiak Anders Larsson Blanca Leen Chun-Xiang Li Fay-Wei Li Melanie Link-Perez Hong-Mei Liu Ngan Thi Lu Esteban I. Meza-Torres Xin-Yuan Miao Robbin Moran Claudine Massi Mynssens Nathalie Nagalingum Benjamin Ollgaard Alison M. Paul Jovani B. de S. Pereira Leon R. Perrie Monica Ponce Tom A. Ranker Christian Schulz Wataru Shinohara Alexander Shmakov Erin M. Sigel Filipe Soares de Souza Lana da Silva Sylvestre Weston Testo Luz Amparo Triana-Moreno Chie Tsutsumi Hanna Tuomisto IvAn A. Valdespino Alejandra Vasco Raquel Stauffer Viveros Alan Weakley Ran Wei Stina Weststrand Paul G. Wolf George Yatskievych Xiao-Gang Xu Yue-Hong Yan Liang Zhang Xian-Chun Zhang Xin-Mao Zhou | 2016 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2016，54，6： | 44 |
| 2 | Continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic agents following colorectal surgery:Systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM:To provide a specifi c review and meta-analysis of the available evidence for continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic agents following midline laparoto-my for major colorectal surgery. METHODS: Medline, Embase, trial registries, conference proceedings and article reference lists were searched to identify randomised, controlled trials of continuous wound infusion of local anaesthetic agents following colorectal surgery. The primary outcomes were opioid consumption, pain visual analogue scores (VASs), return to bowel function and length of hospital stay. Weighted mean difference were calculated for continuous outcomes. RESULTS: Five trials containing 542 laparotomy wounds were eligible for inclusion. There was a sig- nificant decrease in post-operative pain VAS at rest on day 3 (weighted mean difference: -0.43; 95% CI: -0.81 to -0.04; P = 0.03) but not on post-operative day 1 and 2. Local anaesthetic infusion was associated with a signifi cant reduction in pain VAS on movement on all three post-operative days (day 1 weighted mean difference: -1.14; 95% CI: -2.24 to -0.041; P = 0.04, day 2 weighted mean difference: -0.97, 95% CI: -1.91to -0.029; P = 0.04, day 3 weighted mean difference: -0.61; 95% CI: 1.01 to -0.20; P = 0.0038). Local an- aesthetic wound infusion was associated with a signifi - cant decrease in total opioid consumption (weighted mean difference: -40.13; 95% CI: -76.74 to -3.53; P = 0.03). There was no signifi cant decrease in length of stay (weighted mean difference: -20.87; 95% CI: -46.96 to 5.21; P = 0.12) or return of bowel function (weighted mean difference: -9.40; 95% CI: -33.98 to 15.17; P = 0.45). CONCLUSION: The results of this systematic re- view and meta-analysis suggest that local anaesthetic wound infusion following laparotomy for major color- ectal surgery is a promising technique but do not pro- vide conclusive evidence of benefi t. Further research is required including cost-effectiveness analysis. | Alan Karthikesalingam Stewart R Walsh Sheraz R Markar Umar Sadat Tjun Y Tang Charles M Malata | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，34： | 4 |
| 3 | 新加坡成人慢性呼吸系统疾病患者6分钟步行距离的最小临床重要差异值研究(英文)显示文摘目的:6 min步行距离(6MWD)是临床上常见的功能性运动能力测试,特别是对于慢性呼吸系统疾病患者。一些文献记载了关于白种人的6MWD的最小临床重要差异(MCID),但对亚洲人群的相关信息未见记载。本研究旨在建立亚洲成人慢性呼吸道疾病患者6MWD的最小临床重要差异。方法:采用'锚定'法和'分布'法对新加坡中央医院肺康复计划登记处的资料进行了分析。'锚定'法收集确诊为慢性呼吸道疾病的患者50例,其中男38例,女12例;平均年龄(64.2±12.3)岁,通过电话采访及使用整体变化评估量表(GROC)评价患者肺康复计划后的自觉改善程度,再将患者在肺康复计划中6MWD的改变数值与相对应的患者自觉改善程度进行比较,这种关系用操作特征曲线(ROC)统计表示。通过'分布'法确定6MWD的MCID,从门诊和住院的肺康复计划(PRP)参与者中检索医疗记录136例,其中男103例,女33例;平均年龄(60.1±14.1)岁。结果 :ROC曲线表明6MWD出现临床显著性变化的最佳临界值为17.4 m,其对应的敏感性为79.4%,特异性为81.3%,阳性似然比为4.23。由'分布'法确定6MWD的最小临床重要差异值为18.6 m。结论:18.6 m为新加坡华人6MWD的最小临床重要差异的估计值。 | Meredith T L YEUNG Alan W P WONG Katherine S L HUANG Alice Y M JONES | 2015 | 康复学报2015，25，1： | 3 |
| 4 | Astrocyte elevated gene-1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression显示文摘 | Yoo Byoung Kwon Emdad Luni Su Zao-zhong Villanueva Augusto Chiang Derek Y Mukhopadhyay Nitai D Mills Alan Scott Waxman Samuel Fisher Robert A Llovet Josep M Fisher Paul B Sarkar Devanand | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2009，，3： | 2 |
| 5 | New insights on trehalose:a multifunctional molecule显示文摘 | Alan D Elbein Pan Y T Irena Pastuszak David Carroll | 2003 | Glycobiology2003，4，： | 1 |
| 6 | A study of the optimal operating conditions in the organic Rankine cycle using a turbo-expander for fluctuations of the available thermal energy显示文摘 | Cho S Y Cho H C Alan K Y | 2014 | Energy2014，64，： | 1 |
| 7 | Recombinant lentivirus-delivered short hairpin RNAs targeted to conserved eoxsaekievirus sequences protect against viral myocarditis and improve survival rate in an animal model显示文摘 | Kim Y J Alan J Jeung SY | 2008 | Virus Genes2008，36，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Risk factor for unsatisfactory outcome after lumbar foraminal and far lateral microdecom- pression显示文摘 | Chang SB Lee SH Alan Y | 2006 | Spine2006，31，10： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of Grafting on Watermelon Plant Growth,Yield and Quality显示文摘 | Alan O Zdemir N Nen Y | 2007 | Journal of Agronomy2007，6，2： | 1 |
| 10 | New insights on trehalose: a muhifunctional molecule显示文摘 | Alan Elbein D Pan Y T Irena Pastuszak | 2003 | Glycobiology2003，13，4： | 1 |
| 11 | A 100-MHz,16-b,drectdigital frequency synthesizer with a 100-dBc spurious-free dynamic range显示文摘 | Avanindra Madisetti Alan Y Kwentus Alan N Willson | 1999 | IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits1999，34，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Influence of prohexadione calcium on pod yield and pod loss of peanut显示文摘 | Joshua B B David L J Alan C Y | 2002 | Agronomy Journal2002，94，2： | 1 |
| 13 | Investigation on characteristics of thermal conductivity enhancement of nanofluids显示文摘 | Hwang Y J Alan Y C Shin H S | 2006 | Current Applied Physics2006，6，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Scaling theorems for zero grossings IEEE trans rattern anal 显示文摘 | Alan L Y Tomaso A P | 2003 | Mach Intellig2003，25，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Principle of non-contacting infrared temperature measurement 显示文摘 | Alan M Y | 1998 | Proceedings of the International Symposium1998，44，： | 1 |
| 16 | Convergence properties of the softassign quadratic assignment algorithm 显示文摘 | ANAND R ALAN Y ERIC M | 1999 | Neural Computation1999，11，： | 1 |
| 17 | Lymphomas of the head and neck 显示文摘 | Alan Y Charlotte J | 1999 | Semin Oncol1999，26，： | 1 |
| 18 | Posterolateral pereutancous endoscopie lumbar foraminotomy for L5/S1 foraminal or lateral exitzone stenosis:technical note显示文摘 | Alan Y Lee SH Park WM | 2003 | J Neurosurg2003，99，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in the Glucose-sensing apparatus of liver and beta-cells显示文摘 | Kim H I Alan Y H | 2004 | Diabetes2004，53，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Real-life Energy Use in the UK:How Occupancy and Dwelling Characteristics Affect Domestic Electricity Use显示文摘 | YIGZAW G Y JAYANTA D M ALAN W | 2008 | Energy and Buildings2008，40，6： | 1 |
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