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| 1 | Study on the electric property of shaly sand and its interpretation method显示文摘There are so many shaly sand conduction models, and most of them are only used in some local area, and have their limitations. So far, there is no theoretical model that can be used commonly and efficiently .In this paper, based on some existing models, and combining with the knowledge of the researched area, we designed out a new conduction model. The total conductivity of the rock is the combining result from free water in inter granular porous, micro pore water and the clay bound water. It can well describe many electric conduction characteristics of shaly sand. In order to make it useable in practice, we also provide some methods for interpreting the pore components with comprehensive logging data. | Li Zhoubo and Mo Xiuwen (Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China, 130026) | 1999 | Global Geology1999，4，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Rock fracture density characterization using measurement while drilling(MWD) techniques显示文摘Accurate determination of rock mass properties is a critical part of open-pit mine planning activities to enable more prescriptive blast designs to achieve improved loading and hauling and downstream process efficiency. Better and more accurate blast practice that delivers enhanced outcomes(better fragmentation, improved diggability, less dilution, etc.) is a critical and fundamental element of being able to achieve an effective Mine-Mill approach at a mining operation. Based on previous work, it has been demonstrated that an accurate representation of the rock mass properties can be obtained from the analysis of variations in blasthole drill performance as derived from measurement while drilling(MWD) systems when using tricone bits. This paper further investigates how monitored rate of penetration,pulldown force, rotary torque, rotary speed and bailing air pressure responses can be used to determine the presence of open and partially open fractures having varying dip angles. Based on a correlation of geophysically measured fracture logs and monitored drill performance variables in the same blastholes, the results show that the latter responses can accurately determine open versus closed fractures. The results also identified that variations in rate of penetration and rotary torque show the most sensitivity in the presence of open fractures that intersect a vertical blasthole at near orthogonal angles. | Mohammad Babaei Khorzoughi Robert Hall Derek Apel | 2018 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2018，28，6： | 6 |
| 3 | Chinese social media reaction to the MERS-CoV and avian influenza A(H7N9) outbreaks显示文摘Background:As internet and social media use have skyrocketed,epidemiologists have begun to use online data such as Google query data and Twitter trends to track the activity levels of influenza and other infectious diseases.In China,Weibo is an extremely popular microblogging site that is equivalent to Twitter.Capitalizing on the wealth of public opinion data contained in posts on Weibo,this study used Weibo as a measure of the Chinese people’s reactions to two different outbreaks:the 2012 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus(MERS-CoV)outbreak,and the 2013 outbreak of human infection of avian influenza A(H7N9)in China.Methods:Keyword searches were performed in Weibo data collected by The University of Hong Kong’s Weiboscope project.Baseline values were determined for each keyword and reaction values per million posts in the days after outbreak information was released to the public.Results:The results show that the Chinese people reacted significantly to both outbreaks online,where their social media reaction was two orders of magnitude stronger to the H7N9 influenza outbreak that happened in China than the MERS-CoV outbreak that was far away from China.Conclusions:These results demonstrate that social media could be a useful measure of public awareness and reaction to disease outbreak information released by health authorities. | Isaac Chun-Hai Fung King-Wa Fu Yuchen Ying Braydon Schaible Yi Hao Chung-Hong Chan Zion Tsz-Ho Tse | 2013 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2013，2，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Fractal Correction of Well Logging Curves显示文摘It is always significant for assessing and evaluation of oil bearing layers, especially for well logging data processing and interpretation of non marine oil beds to get more accurate physical properties in thin and inter thin layers. This paper presents a definition of measures and the measure presents power law relation with the corresponded scale described by fractal theory. Thus, logging curves can be reconstructed according to this power law relation. This method uses the local structure nearby concurrent points to compensate the average effect of logging probes and measurement errors. As an example, deep and medium induced conductivity (IMPH and IDPH) curves in ODP Leg 127 Hole 797C are reconstructed or corrected. Corrected curves are with less adjacent effects through comparison of corrected curves with original one. And also, the power spectra of corrected well logging curve are abounding with more resolution components than the original one. Thus, fractal correction method makes the well logging more resoluble for thin beds. | Li Qingmou Cheng Qiuming Institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3 | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，3： | 5 |
| 5 | Interpretation models and charts of production profiles in horizontal wells显示文摘Stratified flow is common for the gravity segregation and flow regimes are very complex because of borehole inclination,therefore,all the conventional production logging tools cannot be effectively applied in horizontal wells,thus significantly increasing the difficulties in log interpretation. In this paper,firstly,the overseas progress in updated integration tools for horizontal wells and production profile interpretation methods has been discussed in brief. Secondly,by means of theory study and experimental simulations,we have obtained the production profile interpretation model and experimental interpretation charts,which have been calibrated by the improved downhole technology and optimization methods. Finally,we have interpreted X-well with the production profile interpretation software designed by us,and it proves that the methods are useful for the production profile interpretation in horizontal wells. | GUO HaiMin,LIU JunFeng,DAI JiaCai,WANG Kai & SONG HongWei Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Education of China and School of Geophysics & Oil Resources of Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434023,China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，S1： | 5 |
| 6 | Automatic fracture–vug identification and extraction from electric imaging logging data based on path morphology显示文摘We present a path morphology method to separate total rock pore space into matrix, fractures and vugs and derive their pore structure spectrum. Thus, we can achieve fine pore evaluation in fracture–vug reservoirs based on electric imaging logging data. We automatically identify and extract fracture–vug information from the electric imaging images by adopting a path morphological operator that remains flexible enough to fit rectilinear and slightly curved structures because they are independent of the structuring element shape. The Otsu method was used to extract fracture–vug information from the background noise caused by the matrix. To accommodate the differences in scale and form of the different target regions,including fracture and vug path, operators with different lengths were selected for their recognition and extraction at the corresponding scale. Polynomial and elliptic functions are used to fit the extracted fractures and vugs, respectively, and the fracture–vug parameters are deduced from the fitted edge. Finally, test examples of numerical simulation data and several measured well data have been provided for the verification of the effectiveness and adaptability of the path morphology method in the application of electric imaging logging data processing. This also provides algorithm support for the fine evaluation of fracture–vug reservoirs. | Xi-Ning Li Jin-Song Shen Wu-Yang Yang Zhen-Ling Li | 2019 | Petroleum Science2019，16，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Discovery of shale gas from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Xianfeng area, Hubei Province, China显示文摘1.Objective The Xianfeng area in Hubei Province is located in the central anticlinorium of the fold belt in western Hunan-Hubei,with a stable tectonic structure.It was in a deep-water shelf sedimentary environment from Wufeng period of Late Ordovician to Longmaxi period of Early Silurian,contributing to the formation of organic-rich shale in this area(Li B et al.,2016;Zhang H et al.,2019;Wu X et al.,2019).The well E Feng Di 1(Well EFD1)was drilled in Xianfeng area in the south of the central anticlinorium by preliminary geological survey and favorable shale gas areas optimization.During the drilling,shale gas was discovered from Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation to Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation(Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation).The geological conditions for shale gas enrichment were further defined through the analysis of the data obtained from the well drilling,well logging,and sample testing.The discovery will provide an important basis for further exploration and development of shale gas in this area. | Fan-yang Meng Shi-zhen Li Si-yu Wei Shou-song Zhang Peng Wang Chao Wang | 2020 | China Geology2020，3，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Analytical solution of electromagnetic field generated by induction logging tool in a fan-ring slot of drill collar while drilling显示文摘Based on the structural characteristic of metal drill collar for induction logging while drilling, we have given the analytical formulae of lengthways fields Ez and Hz when the tool is located in a fan-ring shaped slot of drill collar by the boundary conditions of electromagnetic field, and derived the other components of electromagnetic field in and out the fan-ring slot from Ez and Hz. In the other intervals of formation, where the drill collar is a solid cylinder, the analytical formulae of field are educed through the method of variable coefficient. The total analytical solutions of field in whole space have been obtained. With the help of the analytical formulae, we have also given numerical examples and analyzed the distributive characteristic of electromagnetic field. From the computational results we find that the secondary scattering field Hz is in a linear relation with the conductivity of stratum. The characteristic of field is very useful for induction logging while drilling, which can be used to measure and analyze the logging responses of the stratum conductivity. This paper sets up a theoretical foundation for us to study the distrbutions of field and to direct the design of logging instruments. | LIU FuPing WANG AnLing YANG ChangChun | 2009 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2009，52，7： | 4 |
| 9 | Full 3-D numerical modeling of borehole electric image logging and the evaluation model of fracture显示文摘A full 3-D finite element method numerical modeling program is written based on the principle and technical specification of borehole electric image well logging tool. The response of well logging is computed in the formation media model with a single fracture. The effect of changing fracture aperture and resistivity ratio to the logging response is discussed. The identification ability for two parallel fractures is also present. A quantitative evaluation formula of fracture aperture from borehole electric image logging data is set up. A case study of the model well is done to verify the accuracy of the for-mula. The result indicates that the formula is more accurate than the foreign one. | KE ShiZhen Resource & Information Collage of Chinese Petroleum University,Beijing 102249,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 3 |
| 10 | Effects of boundary conditions on vibrating mode of acoustic logging dipole transducer显示文摘Acoustic transducer is an important part of acoustic well logging tool. In this paper,ANSYS software package is used to design acoustic dipole transducer and simulate vibrating mode of the dipole transducer in different mechanical boundary conditions. The results show that boundary conditions influence the number of vibrating mode in the same frequency band and the frequency value of the same vibrating mode. Several acoustic dipole transducers are designed according to the results of numerical simulation and laboratory measurements. The basic frequency of vibrating mode of experi-ment has good agreement with that of simulation. The numerical simulation plays a good guidance role in designing,producing and correctly installing the acoustic dipole transducer. | QIAO WenXiao,CHE XiaoHua & ZHANG Fei State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 3 |
| 11 | Lower limit of thermal maturity for the carbonization of organic matter in marine shale and its exploration risk显示文摘Based on the drilling data of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Sichuan Basin and periphery, SW China, the Ro lower limits and essential features of the carbonization of organic matter in over-high maturity marine shale were examined using laser Raman, electrical and physical property characterization techniques. Three preliminary conclusions are drawn:(1) The lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter in marine shale is 3.5%; when the Ro is less than 3.4%, carbonization of organic matter won't happen in general; when the Ro ranges from 3.4% to 3.5%, non-carbonization and weak carbonization of organic matter may coexist; when the Ro is higher than 3.5%, the carbonization of organic matter is highly likely to take place.(2) Organic-rich shale entering carbonization phase have three basic characteristics: log resistivity curve showing a general 'slender neck' with low-ultralow resistance response, Raman spectra showing a higher graphite peak, and poor physical property(with matrix porosity of only less than 1/2 of the normal level).(3) The quality damage of shale reservoir caused by the carbonization of organic matter is almost fatal, which primarily manifests in depletion of hydrocarbon generation capacity, reduction or disappearance of organic pores and intercrystalline pores of clay minerals, and drop of adsorption capacity to natural gas. Therefore, the lower limit of Ro for the carbonization of Type I-II1 organic matter should be regarded as the theoretically impassable red line of shale gas exploration in the ancient marine shale formations. The organic-rich shale with low-ultralow resistance should be evaluated effectively in area selection to exclude the high risk areas caused by the carbonization of organic matter. The target organic-rich shale layers with low-ultralow resistance drilled during exploration and development should be evaluated on carbonization level of organic matter, and the deployment plan should be adjusted according to the evaluation results in time. | WANG Yuman LI Xinjing CHEN Bo WU Wei DONG Dazhong ZHANG Jian HAN Jing MA Jie DAI Bing WANG Hao JIANG Shan | 2018 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2018，45，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Neutron and density logging responses to gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging:Gas reservoirs of sandstone in a western China field显示文摘Studying the response differences between neutron and density logging of gas reservoir for well-balanced and under-balanced logging will be of significance in evaluation of gas reservoir under the under-balanced condition and application of logging data. With Monte Carlo simulation technique,the paper obtains the relationship between neutron and density logging measurement and borehole di-ameter,porosity or gas saturation for well-balanced and under-balanced logging. The conclusions show that the response trend of under-balanced logging to gas reservoirs agrees with that of well-balanced logging with small borehole,and under-balanced logging data can be used usually as well-balanced logging data. When borehole diameter is large,under-balanced logging data should be corrected for the influences of borehole. | WU WenSheng1,XIAO LiZhi1 & ZHANG LongHai2 1 Resource & Information Department,China University of Petroleum,Beijing 102249,China 2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China | 2008 | Science China Earth Sciences2008，51，S2： | 2 |
| 13 | Evaluation Methods of Profitable Tight Oil Reservoir of Lacustrine Coquina: A Case Study of Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic in the Sichuan Basin显示文摘Based on core observation,cast and fluorescent thin sections,FESEM and ESEM,coquina in Da'anzhai Member of Jurassic in Sichuan Basin were examined systematically.Together with production data and logging evaluation,a method for lacustrine coquina evaluation based on geological theory was established up.In the article,two aspects of the study were elaborated,characteristics of favorable reservoirs,and a'five-step'evaluation method for favorable coquina reservoir.According to the correlation between porosity and production data,porosity is not effective in finding high quality coquina reservoir of this area.Whereas micro research of reservoir samples from a high productivity well revealed that sparry coquina is the best lithofacies,with the most developed micro storage space of various kinds.After the favorable reservoir was sorted out,a five-step method evaluating the coquina reservoir was worked out.Correlation ofGR value and rock types suggests that GR<30 API is an effective evaluation parameter in identifying profitable reservoir lithofacies.Meanwhile,the combination of profitable reservoir rock thickness and production data revealed that the reservoirs with the highest potentiality are those with thickness of 3-18 m.Fractures are more developed in faults,folds and structural noses in the study area.Organic acid is discharged massively before the peak of hydrocarbon generation,leading to the formation of dissolution pores in the reservoir.The evaluation of organic acid was made by using the source rock indexes.After evaluating the four factors,and compiling their distribution maps,the maps were overlapped to predict favorable reservoir zones,and 7 first class and 9 second class favorable zones of coquina were picked out. | PANG Zhenglian TAO Shizhen ZHANG Qin ZHANG Bin ZHANG Tianshu YANG Xiaoping WU Yinye FAN Jianwei YUAN Miao | 2020 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2020，94，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Monte Carlo simulation of scintillation crystal detector for formation element logging显示文摘Formation elements logging is a neutron gamma spectroscopy logging technique used to acquire the content of elements and minerals by recording the gamma ray produced by the reaction of neutron and elemental nucleus in the formation. It has a wide usage in discriminating complex lithology and evaluating unconventional reservoir. The Monte Carlo simulation model of formation elements logging tool is established in this paper, with which the effects of tool parameters including the material and length of the scintillation crystal and source spacing on logging responses are modeled. The results show that the energy response of LaBr_3: Ce crystal is better than others, and the detection efficiency increases with the crystal length but decrease with source spacing. The above results may be used as a reference for optimizing the tool structure design. | HAN Ruiyi WANG Zhuwen | 2019 | Global Geology2019，22，2： | 2 |
| 15 | New insights into porosity determination using artificial intelligence techniques for carbonate reservoirs显示文摘The porosity of the petroleum reservoirs is considered one of the most important parameters in reserve estimation because it determines the effective volume of the hydrocarbon that is stored in the reservoir.Based on the reserve estimation,the development plan can be set and managed.Porosity can be determined in the laboratory which is the most expensive methods.Porosity also can be determined from the logs such as density,neutron,sonic,and NMR logs.There are a lot of uncertainties in the porosity estimation from wireline logs because it depends on many statistical analysis and also is affected by the logging environment and logging tools.The prediction of the porosity from different porosity logs using artificial intelligence(AI)methods validated with the laboratory measured values is the best method to determine an accurate value of the rock porosity.The objective of this research is to evaluate AI tools such as artificial neural network(ANN),Support vector machine(SVM)and Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system(ANFIS)to predict the reservoir porosity based on wireline log data.More than 1700 field measurements of porosity with logs data were used for training and testing the AI techniques.The results obtained showed that ANN and ANFIS can be used to estimate the reservoir porosity based on log data with a high correlation coefficient(R)and low average absolute percentage error(AAPE).The main inputs required for porosity estimation are bulk density,neutron porosity,and sonic compressional time.The developed mathematical equation based on the weights and bias of the ANN model can be used to predict the reservoir porosity based on log data with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 and an AAPE less than 8%.The advantage of this work is that we extracted the mathematical model from the ANN that can be used directly to determine the porosity without the need for training and testing the data.The porosity estimation from the neutron-density crossplots,which is the current technique used by the industry,yielded 14.7%error. | Salaheldin Elkatatny Zeeshan Tariq Mohamed Mahmoud Abdulazeez Abdulraheem | 2018 | Petroleum2018，4，4： | 2 |
| 16 | Theoretical eduction and numerical simulation researches on the relationship between resistivity and water saturation of waterflood oil zone显示文摘In the process of water displacing oil,the relationship between resistivity and water saturation is the fundament of the quantitative research on the waterflooded grade and the remaining oil saturation with well logging data. A large number of core analysis data and production data are cumulated in the process of oil field exploitation,which offers the basis for the above research. This paper educed two methods from the Archie equation and material balance theory to calculate the quantitative relationships between Rz and Sw,and between Rt and Sw. The relationships set up by the two methods are similar to those set up by the real core measurements. The results can be used to analyze influencing factors and determine saturation quantitatively. | ZHANG ChaoMo,ZHANG ZhanSong,GUO HaiMin,LI Jun & TANG XiaoMei Key Laboratory of Exploitation Technologies for Oil and Gas(Yangtze University) ,Ministry of Education of China,Jingzhou 434023,China | 2009 | Science China Earth Sciences2009，52，S1： | 2 |
| 17 | Integrated microdevice with a windmill-like hole array for the clog-free,efficient,and self-mixing enrichment of circulating tumor cells显示文摘Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)have tremendous potential to indicate disease progression and monitor therapeutic response using minimally invasive approaches.Considering the limitations of affinity strategies based on their cost,effectiveness,and simplicity,size-based enrichment methods that involve low-cost,label-free,and relatively simple protocols have been further promoted.Nevertheless,the key challenges of these methods are clogging issues and cell aggregation,which reduce the recovery rates and purity.Inspired by the natural phenomenon that the airflow around a windmill is disturbed,in this study,a windmill-like hole array on the SU-8 membrane was designed to perturb the fluid such that cells in a fluid would be able to self-mix and that the pressure acting on cells or the membrane would be dispersed to allow a greater velocity.In addition,based on the advantages of fluid coatings,a lipid coating was used to modify the membrane surface to prevent cell aggregation and clogging of the holes.Under the optimal conditions,recovery rates of 93%and 90%were found for A549 and HeLa cells in a clinical simulation test of our platform with a CTC concentration of 20-100 cells per milliliter of blood.The white blood cell(WBC)depletion rate was 98.7%(n=15),and the CTC detection limit was less than 10 cells per milliliter of blood(n=6).Moreover,compared with conventional membrane filtration,the advantages of the proposed device for the rapid(2 mL/min)and efficient enrichment of CTCs without clogging were shown both experimentally and theoretically.Due to its advantages in the efficient,rapid,uniform,and clog-free enrichment of CTCs,our platform offers great potential for metastatic detection and therapy analyses. | Hao Li Jinze Li Zhiqi Zhang Zhen Guo Changsong Zhang Zixu Wang Qiuquan Guo Chao Li Chuanyu Li Jia Yao Anran Zheng Jingyi Xu Qingxue Gao Wei Zhang Lianqun Zhou | 2022 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2022，8，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoir conductive model——Dual water clay matrix conductive model in the north area of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China显示文摘Shaly sands reservoir is one of the most distributive types of the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs discovered in China, and low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs are mostly shaly sands reservoirs. Therefore, shaly sands reservoir conductive model is the key to evaluate low resistivity oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs using logging information. Some defects were found when we studied the clay distribution type conductive model, dual-water conductive model, conductive rock matrix model, etc. Some models could not distinguish the conductive path and nature of microporosity water and clay water and some models did not consider the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume. So, we utilize the merits,overcome the defects of the above models, and put forward a new shaly sands conductive model-dual water clay matrix conductive model (DWCMCM) in which dual water is the free water and the microporosity water in shaly sands and the clay matrix(wet clay) is the clay grain containing water. DWCMCM is presented here, the advantages of which can tell the nature and conductive path from different water (microporosity water and freewater), in consid-eration of the clay distribution type and the mount of clay volume in shaly sands. So, the results of logging interpretation in the oil(gas)-bearing reservoirs in the north of Tarim Basin area, China with DWCMCM are better than those interpreted by the above models. | 潘和平 王家映 樊政军 马勇 柳建华 李明强 | 2001 | Science China Earth Sciences2001，44，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Petroleum Instrument Development in China显示文摘 | He Guoxin(Xi’an Petroleum Exploration Instrument Complex, CNPO) | 1998 | China Oil & Gas1998，5，1： | 1 |
| 20 | LANDSLIDE ANALYSIS IN TAIWAN显示文摘This study describes the methodology and techniques developed to analyse landslide-prone areas in Taiwan. The field work for this study was conducted in the watershed of An-tung, Hua-lien Hsien. The methodology used are: frequency analysis of storm events, electric specific resistance measurements, and fourteen, 20 m field borings in the study area. The physical and mechanical properties of the soil and geologic strata were determined from the borings. Strain-gage surveys were used to determine the displacement of the landslide layer. In each boring, a fluorescent tracer, specific resistance, salt logging of the groundwater, and the soil temperature at 1 m were used to determine the paths of groundwater flow. The results of the extensive analysis clearly identified that the layer most susceptible to failure is at 3.5 m to 5.5 m, with a resolution of 50 cm. The methodology and techniques developed in this study can be used to analyse suspected landslide areas to determine their locations and depths for the purpose of installation of drain tiles to prevent slope failure. | Chin-Yu LEEDepartment of Soil and Water Conservation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91207, Taiwan, China | 1997 | International Journal of Sediment Research1997，12，3： | 1 |
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