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| 1 | Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and North America in Chamaecyparis:Insights from ecological niche models显示文摘The disjunct distribution of plants between eastern Asia(EA) and North America(NA) is one of the most well-known biogeographic patterns. However, the formation and historical process of this pattern have been long debated. Chamaecyparis is a good model to test previous hypotheses about the formation of this disjunct pattern as it contains six species disjunctly distributed in EA, western North America(WNA)and eastern North America(ENA). In this study, we applied ecological niche models to test the formation of the disjunct pattern of Chamaecyparis. The model calibrated with the EA species was able to predict the distribution of eastern NA species well, but not the western NA species. Furthermore, the eastern Asian species were shown to have higher niche overlap with the eastern North American species. The EA species were also shown to share more similar habitats with ENA species than with WNA species in the genus. Chamaecyparis species in WNA experienced a significant niche shift compared with congeneric species. Chamaecyparis had a low number of suitable regions in Europe and the middle and western NA during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) period, and became extinct in the former region whereas it retains residual distribution in the latter. The extirpations in western NA and Europe in response to the late Neogene and Quaternary climatic cooling and the more similar habitats between ENA and EA ultimately shaped the current intercontinental disjunct distribution of Chamaecyparis. Both current hypotheses may be also jointly applied to explain more eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunctions observed today. | Ping Liu Jun wen Tingshuang Yi | 2017 | Plant Diversity2017，39，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Animal-mediated long-distance dispersals and migrations shaping the intercontinental disjunctions of Celastrus(Celastraceae)among five continents显示文摘The mechanisms underlying the origin,evolution,and distributional patterns of organisms are a major focus of biogeography.Vicariance and long-distance dispersal(LDD)are two important explanations for disjunctive distribution patterns among lineages.In-depth biogeographic studies of taxa that exhibit wide-ranging disjunctions can provide valuable information for addressing the relative importance of these biogeographic mechanisms.The genus Celastrus contains ca.30 species that are disjunctly distributed in five continents of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres,providing an excellent system for historical biogeographic analyses.Here,we used sequence data from five markers(nuclear external transcribed spacer and internal transcribed spacer,and plastid psbA-trnH,rpl16,and trnL-F)to reconstruct the phylogeny of Celastrus and investigate its phylogenetic relationships with Tripterygium,estimate clade divergence times using the fossil-calibrated method,and infer its ancestral distribution range.Celastrus and Tripterygium were each supported as monophyletic.The morphology-based classification systems were not supported by the phylogenetic results.The divergence time between Celastrus and Tripterygium was estimated to be 26.22 Ma(95%highest posterior density:24.46-28.17 Ma),and the diversification of Celastrus were suggested to be linked to global warming events during the Miocene.Celastrus was suggested to have a tropical Asian origin,and dispersed to Central and South America,North America,Oceania,and Madagascar at different periods,most probably through LDD.Birds may have facilitated transoceanic migrations of Celastrus because of its bicolored fruits,which contain red and fleshy arils.Our results highlight the importance of key morphological innovations and animal-mediated dispersals for the rapid diversification of plant lineages across vast distributional ranges. | Yi-Xuan Zhu Feng-Wei Lei Ling Tong Xian-Yun Mu Jun Wen Zhi-Xiang Zhang | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，6： | 1 |
| 3 | On Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism显示文摘This article makes a brief introduces to Daniel Bell's The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism which explores how a bourgeois economy coexists with an anti-bourgeois culture. This article is comprised of four parts including the concept of culture、the disjunction of three realms(economics, politics and culture)、the cultural contradictions of capitalism and the evaluation on Daniel Bell's theory. It offers a close look into the inner relation between different spheres in the capitalist society illustrated in Bell's book, and Bell's theory in terms of cultural contradictions of capitalism will be concretely elaborated. | 郭春娟 | 2016 | 海外英语2016，，10： | 1 |
| 4 | Polyphyletic Alyssum cuneifolium(Brassicaceae)revisited:Morphological and genome size differentiation of recently recognized allopatric taxa显示文摘Alyssum cuneifolium has been recognized as a perennial alpine species growing in five isolated European mountain ranges:the Pyrenees,Western Alps,Apennines,Pirin Mts and Mt Smolikas.Recent molecular systematic studies revealed that the disjunct populations from distant mountains are not closely related and belong to five independent species:A.cacuminum(Spain,Pyrenees),A.cuneifolium(italy,Apennines),A.flexicaule(France,Western Alps),A.pirinicum(Bulgaria,Pirin Mts),and A.spruneri(Greece,Mt Smolikas).The present study brings the thorough morphometric analysis of the segregated taxa.We found minor morphological differences between them.Whereas A.pirinicum can be clearly distinguished,the other taxa are recognizable only at the level of population means of investigated characters.The morphological similarity of these distantly related species is obviously the result of adaptation to similar high-alpine scree habitats.It is not clear,however,whether this adaptation is environmentally controlled or whether it is also genetically fixed and whether it reflects parallel evolution towards similar morphotypes.The observed morphological patterns and their assumed correlation with environmental factors are discussed using examples from other Alyssum taxa.Three different ploidy levels have been reported for the species under study.In the present article,we examine variation in relative nuclear genome size.The Alpine and Pyrenean species have larger relative monoploid genome sizes than the Apennine and Balkan ones,probably reflecting the evolutionary history of the group.A nomenclatural account of the study species is presented,and lectotypes of A.cuneifolium and of two other names are selected. | Stanislav Spanie Karol Marhold Judita Zozomová-Lihová | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，3： | 0 |
| 5 | Metaphoric and Literal Readings for Spatial Prepositions: The Case of Boolean Phrases显示文摘This paper presents an account of how literal and metaphoric readings of spatial prepositions in so-called'Boolean Phrases'can arise.The account aims to explain how metaphoric and literal readings can interact,when two(spatial)prepositional phrases are the arguments of one phrase headed by Boolean connectives and and or(e.g.in front of the car and over his problems).It is shown that these phenomena can receive a more thorough compositional analysis by assuming that both types of readings are part of a larger semantic domain for spatial prepositions,logical connectives and their combinations thereof. | Francesco-Alessio Ursini | 2015 | Language and Semiotic Studies2015，1，3： | 0 |
| 6 | Biogeography and ecological niche evolution in Diapensiaceae inferred from phylogenetic analysis显示文摘Diapensiaceae(Ericales)are a small family of about 15 species.Within this clade,two species are broadly distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere,whereas the remaining species have a disjunct distribution between eastern North America and eastern Asia.To address patterns and processes of diversification in Diapensiaceae,we conducted biogeographic analyses and inferred shifts in the ecological niche across the phylogeny of the clade.Although Diapensiaceae have been the focus of multiple phylogenetic and biogeographic studies,previous studies have been taxonomically limited.This study has greatly improved the phylogenetic underpinning for Diapensiaceae with the most inclusive taxonomic sampling thus far,employing both nuclear and plastid gene sequence data for at least one sample per species in the family.Our estimates indicate that genera of Diapensiaceae variously diverged in the Eocene,Oligocene,and early to mid-Miocene.The biogeographic analysis suggests that the probable ancestor of the Diapensiaceae crown clade originated in the Nearctic,with vicariance events contributing to the current distribution of the disjunct taxa.Ecological niche,when considered in a phylogenetic context,was observed to be clustered on the basis of biogeographic realm.In general,a greater ecological overlap was found at younger nodes and a greater niche divergence was found among distantly related species.Diversification in Diapensiaceae appears to have been shaped by both large-scale biogeographic factors,such as vicariance,and divergence in an ecological niche among closely related species. | Michelle L.Gaynor Chao-Nan Fu Lian-Ming Gao Li-Min Lu Douglas ESoltis Pamela SSoltis | 2020 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2020，58，5： | 0 |
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