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| 1 | Immune response in COVID-19:addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2显示文摘To date,no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments.Therefore,based on the fast and global spread of the virus,urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic drugs.In this regard,treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major focus.Notably,while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection,excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level.Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients.In particular,the massive cytokine and chemokine release,the so-called“cytokine storm”,clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune defense.Although the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling,a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.The identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be targeted.Thus,given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19,a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages. | Michele Catanzaro Francesca Fagiani Marco Racchi Emanuela Corsini Stefano Govoni Cristina Lanni | 2020 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2020，5，1： | 11 |
| 2 | The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19显示文摘The Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has become a global crisis and is more devastating than any other previous infectious disease.It has affected a significant proportion of the global population both physically and mentally,and destroyed businesses and societies.Current evidence suggested that immunopathology may be responsible for COVID-19 pathogenesis,including lymphopenia,neutrophilia,dysregulation of monocytes and macrophages,reduced or delayed type I interferon(IFN-I)response,antibody-dependent enhancement,and especially,cytokine storm(CS).The CS is characterized by hyperproduction of an array of pro-inflammatory cytokines and is closely associated with poor prognosis.These excessively secreted pro-inflammatory cytokines initiate different inflammatory signaling pathways via their receptors on immune and tissue cells,resulting in complicated medical symptoms including fever,capillary leak syndrome,disseminated intravascular coagulation,acute respiratory distress syndrome,and multiorgan failure,ultimately leading to death in the most severe cases.Therefore,it is clinically important to understand the initiation and signaling pathways of CS to develop more effective treatment strategies for COVID-19.Herein,we discuss the latest developments in the immunopathological characteristics of COVID-19 and focus on CS including the current research status of the different cytokines involved.We also discuss the induction,function,downstream signaling,and existing and potential interventions for targeting these cytokines or related signal pathways.We believe that a comprehensive understanding of CS in COVID-19 will help to develop better strategies to effectively control immunopathology in this disease and other infectious and inflammatory diseases. | Lan Yang Xueru Xie Zikun Tu Jinrong Fu Damo Xu Yufeng Zhou | 2021 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2021，6，8： | 7 |
| 3 | COVID-19:immunopathogenesis and Immunotherapeutics显示文摘The recent novel coronavirus disease(COVID-19)outbreak,caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),is seeing a rapid increase in infected patients worldwide.The host immune response to SARS-CoV-2 appears to play a critical role in disease pathogenesis and clinical manifestations.SARS-CoV-2 not only activates antiviral immune responses,but can also cause uncontrolled inflammatory responses characterized by marked pro-inflammatory cytokine release in patients with severe COVID-19,leading to lymphopenia,lymphocyte dysfunction,and granulocyte and monocyte abnormalities.These SARS-CoV-2-induced immune abnormalities may lead to infections by microorganisms,septic shock,and severe multiple organ dysfunction.Therefore,mechanisms underlying immune abnormalities in patients with COVID-19 must be elucidated to guide clinical management of the disease.Moreover,rational management of the immune responses to SARSCoV-2,which includes enhancing anti-viral immunity while inhibiting systemic inflammation,may be key to successful treatment.In this review,we discuss the immunopathology of COVID-19,its potential mechanisms,and clinical implications to aid the development of new therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. | Li Yang Shasha Liu Jinyan Liu Zhixin Zhang Xiaochun Wan Bo Huang Youhai Chen Yi Zhang | 2020 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy2020，5，1： | 4 |
| 4 | 新型冠状病毒对心血管系统影响的研究进展显示文摘新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)患者存在心血管系统受损的临床表现,且此类患者进展为重症或死亡的风险较高。目前尚不清楚新型冠状病毒对心血管系统的影响机制。本文重点介绍新型冠状病毒与心血管系统疾病的相互关系,总结新型冠状病毒损伤心血管系统可能的机制,包括病毒直接损害心肌细胞及其传导系统,细胞因子风暴,氧供需失衡,药物影响,应激等对心血管系统的损害,并总结其临床表现、治疗方法等。 | 李雷 彭祎雪 张洁 卓利佳 赵霞 张龙浩 朱培嘉 曾国军 | 2022 | 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志2022，29，1： | 4 |
| 5 | 新型冠状病毒肺炎合并急性肾损伤的研究进展显示文摘新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)是2019年12月在湖北省武汉市爆发的新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引起的疾病,其传染性强、危害性高.COVID-19患者可以合并急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI),该类患者病情重、预后差,AKI可能是SARS-CoV-2感染肺炎患者死亡的主要原因之一.本文对COVID-19合并AKI的研究进展做一综述,以期为COVID-19合并AKI患者诊治提供帮助. | 胡权 徐昉 廖晓辉 | 2020 | 中国急救医学2020，40，9： | 0 |
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