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| 1 | 我国主要城市大气颗粒物及碳组分污染水平研究进展显示文摘本文梳理归纳我国2007—2018年主要城市大气细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))及可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))污染数据,分析大气颗粒物(PM)及负载有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的年际、季节和空间变化规律。发现我国主要城市大气PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度水平在年际、季节和空间尺度上变化规律相似,2010年以前大气PM浓度较低,之后逐年上升,且自我国《大气污染防治行动计划》等一系列政策实施后,大气PM浓度逐年下降;由于气候和人类活动原因,大气PM浓度呈现秋冬季节浓度高于春夏季节的变化趋势;在不同地理条件下,北方城市大气PM浓度普遍高于南方城市。同时,我国主要城市PM_(2.5)中OC和EC浓度变化趋势与PM_(2.5)大体一致。我国城市大气PM污染有所改善,但形势依旧严峻,需从减少大气排放和政策规范制定等方面加强和完善,以降低大气污染对人体健康的危害。 | 崔倩 张艳平 莫杨 王琼 王立新 | 2021 | 环境卫生学杂志2021，11，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains显示文摘The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain(NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions(WSIs) in PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization(PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle(FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_(2.5). The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was 111 μg/m^(3) during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_(2.5) mass, and NO_(3)^(-) ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH_(4)^(+) was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO_(2)-4, NO_(3)^(-), and Cl^(-) might be present in the form of(NH_4)_(2)SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NH_4Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO_(2) and NO_(2) was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO_(4)^(2-) formation. We found that NO_(3)^(-) mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N_(2)O_5 in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_(2.5) : secondary origin(37.8%), vehicular emissions(34.7%), biomass burning(11.5%), coal combustion(9.4%), and crustal dust(6.6%). | Xiaoyong Liu Mingshi Wang Xiaole Pan Xiyue Wang Xiaolong Yue Donghui Zhang Zhigang Ma Yu Tian Hang Liu Shandong Lei Yuting Zhang Qi Liao Baozhu Ge Dawei Wang Jie Li Yele Sun Pingqing Fu Zifa Wang Hong He | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，5： | 5 |
| 3 | 空气污染物暴露对儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数的影响显示文摘目的了解空气污染物暴露对儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数的影响。方法收集贵州省人民医院2009年1月—2016年12月儿科常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿临床资料及贵阳市各环境监测点空气污染物监测数据,包括:PM2.5、PM10、一氧化氮(NO)、二氧化硫(SO2)浓度。应用典型相关分析方法分析空气污染物对儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数的影响。结果共10876例呼吸系统疾病住院患儿纳入研究,其中诊断以支气管肺炎为主(76.31%),平均住院(9.56±6.05)d。大气污染物与支气管肺炎相关系数最高(r=0.33,P<0.001),其次为支气管炎(r=0.21,P<0.001)和急性扁桃体炎(r=0.20,P<0.001)。PM10是影响儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数的主要空气污染物成分,住院前1 d空气污染对儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数影响最大。结论环境空气污染物可影响儿童常见呼吸系统疾病的住院患儿数,其中对支气管肺炎的住院患儿数影响最大。PM10是影响儿童常见呼吸系统疾病住院患儿数最常见的污染物,最大影响效应为住院前1 d。 | 周芳 崔玉霞 刘烨 陈恒 周浩 | 2020 | 中国医药导报2020，17，21： | 3 |
| 4 | Hydroxyl,hydroperoxyl free radicals determination methods in atmosphere and troposphere显示文摘The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very difficult.In the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere.But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques.So far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.In this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals.The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere. | Guoying Wang Yves Iradukunda Gaofeng Shi Pascaline Sanga Xiuli Niu Zhijun Wu | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，1： | 2 |
| 5 | 2016—2020年广州市PM_(2.5)时空分布特征显示文摘对大气污染物进行时空分布特征研究是开展大气污染防治的关键技术支撑.本研究基于广州市52个城市环境空气质量监测站点数据,采用系统聚类法、经验正交函数(EOF)等方法分析了2016—2020年广州市PM_(2.5)浓度的时空分布特征.结果表明:(1)2016—2020年广州市PM_(2.5)污染改善显著,PM_(2.5)年均浓度从35.9μg·m^(-3)下降至23.0μg·m^(-3),达标比例由96.2%上升至100%;PM_(2.5)干季平均浓度为湿季的1.54倍,国控点超标天数为湿季的10.5倍;PM_(2.5)浓度日变化曲线峰谷值浓度差由7.5μg·m^(-3)下降至3.9μg·m^(-3),日变化幅度趋于平缓.(2)广州市PM_(2.5)浓度最高值区主要分布在东西两侧,高值区域范围逐年减小,全市PM_(2.5)浓度分布趋于均匀;采用系统聚类法可将广州市PM_(2.5)分成北部、中北部、南部、中南部4个污染区,其中,北部区PM_(2.5)浓度下降率仅为其他污染区的1/2,推测其PM_(2.5)浓度下降可能更多地由区域背景浓度的下降贡献;EOF分解前3模态累积方差贡献率达93%,分别可表征PM_(2.5)总体污染程度、在南北方向上的区域输送特征及由外围区域向中心城区聚集的污染特征. | 陈彦宁 张金谱 裴成磊 邱晓暖 陈漾 | 2022 | 环境科学学报2022，42，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models显示文摘Simulation of fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure is essential for evaluating adverse health effects.In this work,an ambient exposure system that mimicked real atmospheric conditions was installed in Taiyuan,China to study impacts of chronic PM_(2.5) exposure on adult and aged mice as well as Sirtuin3 knockout(Sirt3 KO)mice and wild-type(WT)mice.The real-ambient exposure system eliminated the possible artificial effects caused from exposure experiments and maintained the physiochemical characteristics of PM_(2.5).The case studies indicated that aged mice exhibited apparent heart dysfunction involving in-creased heart rate and decreased blood pressure after 17-week of real-ambient PM_(2.5) exposure.Meanwhile,15-week of real-ambient PM_(2.5) exposure decreased the heart rate and amounts of associated catecholamines to induce heart failure in Sirt3 KO mice.Additionally,the increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreased platelet related indices suggested that inflammation occurred.The changes of biomarkers detected by targeted metabolomics confirmed metabolic disorder in WT and Sirt3 KO mice after exposed to real-ambient PM_(2.5).These results indicated that the real-ambient PM_(2.5) exposure system could evaluate the risks of certain diseases associated with air pollution and have great potential for support-ing the investigations of PM_(2.5) effects on other types of rodent models. | Yuanyuan Song Lifang Zhao Zenghua Qi Yanhao Zhang Guodong Cao Ruijin Li Lin Zhu Zhu Yang Chuan Dong Zongwei Cai | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，7： | 1 |
| 7 | 近20年长三角一体化示范区PM_(2.5)暴露风险时空格局演变显示文摘长三角一体化示范区是国家重大战略区域,掌握其PM_(2.5)污染与暴露风险演变格局,对长三角区域碳中和与低碳循环绿色发展具有重要意义.本文利用MODIS数据估算示范区2001—2020年气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)和PM_(2.5)浓度,运用人口加权模型计算1 km×1 km网格PM_(2.5)暴露风险,并结合Moran's I指数、Theil-Sen和Mann-Kendall方法分析其空间集聚性特征、时序演变规律与显著性趋势.结果显示:2001—2020年,示范区PM_(2.5)呈波动增长趋势,春季和冬季浓度明显高于夏季和秋季;人口逐年增加,年均人口密度达到1386人·km-2;年均PM_(2.5)暴露风险为1.23,整体处于安全状态,空间上有4个危险暴露区(松陵镇、盛泽镇、魏塘街道、盈浦街道与香花桥街道交界处).其PM_(2.5)暴露风险的空间集聚性显著,以4个危险暴露区为中心,呈“先边界、后内部”的时空增长模式;示范区暴露风险逐年增加的区域超过36%(速率0.031 a-1),在2011—2020年,暴露风险显著减少的面积反超显著增加的面积.示范区总体空气质量良好,但PM_(2.5)暴露风险的边界扩散现象明显,小尺度区域的PM_(2.5)污染防治应更加注重跨区域共同治理,可以聚焦在镇级或更小行政单位的边缘地带,采取差异化的大气污染联防联控措施. | 徐丹 林文鹏 施润和 高峻 李鲁冰 | 2022 | 环境科学学报2022，42，8： | 0 |
| 8 | Skin inflammation and psoriasis may be linked to exposure of ultrafine carbon particles显示文摘Air pollution has become the largest environmental risk to human health,estimated to kill seven million people worldwide every year.Data from the World Health Organization (WHO)showed that 91%of the world population was exposed to air contamination with air quality not meeting the WHO guidelines in 2016. | Huyan Xiao Hongquan Zhang | 2020 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2020，32，10： | 0 |
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