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| 1 | 黄河三角洲贝壳砂干旱生境杠柳(Periploca sepium)叶片的光合作用特征显示文摘水分是黄河三角洲贝壳堤滩脊地带植被生长的主要限制因子。以4年生杠柳(Periploca sepium)苗木为对象,模拟贝壳砂干旱生境,设定对照(土壤相对含水量RWC为77.72%)、轻度(RWC为58.16%)、中度(RWC为42.98%)及重度(RWC为32.39%)干旱胁迫4组水分梯度,测定分析杠柳叶片气体交换参数的光响应以及叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:(1)水分条件可显著影响贝壳砂生境杠柳叶片的光合效率。随干旱胁迫的加重,杠柳净光合速率(Pn)显著下降,重度干旱胁迫下,Pn最小,为0.62μmol·m^-2·s^-1,仅是对照的5%。表观量子效率、光饱和点和暗呼吸速率随干旱胁迫的加重逐渐降低,而光补偿点逐渐升高。干旱胁迫导致杠柳叶片光照生态幅变窄,光能利用率降低。(2)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳蒸腾速率显著下降。适度干旱胁迫可显著提高杠柳的水分利用效率,在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下维持较高值,而对照和重度干旱胁迫下显著降低。在轻度、中度干旱胁迫下,杠柳Pn下降主要受气孔限制,而重度干旱胁迫则以非气孔限制为主。(3)随干旱胁迫加重,杠柳叶片潜在光化学效率、实际光化学效率和非循环光合电子传递速率均显著下降,受到光抑制,电子传递效率下降;非光化学猝灭系数显著增加,光能热耗散增多。杠柳叶片通过调节光合效能来适应干旱胁迫逆境,对干旱逆境表现出一定的可塑性和适应性。 | 王晓 夏江宝 周东兴 赵自国 董林水 | 2019 | 中国沙漠2019，39，4： | 5 |
| 2 | 甘肃小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶形态-光合生理特征对淹水的响应显示文摘盐沼湿地植物叶片功能性状对淹水的响应分析,有助于探究植物叶片可塑性机制与光合生理特征间的内在关联性,对深入理解盐沼湿地植物的生境抗逆性策略具有重要意义。根据小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水持留时间长短分别设置:轻度淹水区(静水持留30–90天)、中度淹水区(静水持留90–150天)、重度淹水区(静水持留150–210天)3个试验样地,以盐地风毛菊(Saussurea salsa)为研究对象,研究了小苏干湖盐沼湿地盐地风毛菊叶片功能性状对淹水的响应。结果表明:随着静水持留时间的增加,轻度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态上采用小比叶面积(SLA)的肉质化小叶模式,光合生理上具有高实际光合效率(Y(II))和低调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NPQ))的协同变异;重度淹水区盐地风毛菊形态和光合生理上则采用与轻度淹水区完全相反的协同变异策略;在3个样地中,SLA与Y(II)、光化学淬灭(QP)和Y(NPQ)间均呈极显著相关关系;叶绿素a含量和叶绿素b含量与调节性能量耗散的量子产额(Y(NO))均呈显著正相关关系。小苏干湖湖水泛滥区静水时空演变格局影响下,盐地风毛菊种群通过改变叶面积、叶厚度和SLA等叶片形态特征,适时调整叶片Y(II)和Y(NPQ)等光合生理特征,实现植物叶片光合碳同化产物的收支平衡,表现出对水盐异质性环境较强的耐受性,反映了盐沼湿地植物在极端生存环境下的叶片可塑性和抗逆性机制。 | 李群 赵成章 王继伟 文军 李子琴 马俊逸 | 2019 | 植物生态学报2019，43，8： | 5 |
| 3 | 最大电子传递速率的确定及其对电子流分配的影响显示文摘非直角双曲线模型(简称模型Ⅰ)是Farquhar、von Caemmerer和Berry提出的生物化学光合模型(简称FvCB生化模型)的主要子模型。在植物光合作用对光响应曲线的拟合中,模型Ⅰ得到广泛的应用和验证。同时,模型Ⅰ也可用于估算植物叶片的最大电子传递速率(J_(max))。然而,由模型Ⅰ估算植物叶片的J_(max)是否与实测值相符,尚未得到严格的验证。该文应用LI-6400-40光合测定仪测定了遮阴和全日照条件下大豆(Glycine max)叶片的光合速率和电子传递速率对光的响应曲线,然后分别用模型Ⅰ和电子传递速率对光响应机理模型(简称模型Ⅱ)进行了拟合。结果表明,由模型Ⅰ估算遮阴和全日照条件下大豆叶片的J_(max)与观测值之间存在显著差异;由模型Ⅱ计算得到的J_(max)与实测值之间不存在显著差异。此外,用模型Ⅰ估算的J_(max)将高估光合电子流分配到光呼吸的量,从而高估光呼吸对植物的光保护作用。因此,在估算植物叶片J_(max)和准确评估光呼吸对植物光保护作用方面,模型Ⅱ更合理。 | 叶子飘 段世华 安婷 康华靖 | 2018 | 植物生态学报2018，42，4： | 4 |
| 4 | 调亏灌溉对西北地区不同种植密度玉米耗水和产量的影响显示文摘为研究种植密度与调亏灌溉对玉米蒸发蒸腾和产量的影响,该研究2017—2019年连续3 a设置2个种植密度(常规低密度、高密度)和不同灌溉处理开展田间试验。2017年设当地灌溉(W1)、充分灌溉(W2)、全生育期轻度亏缺(W3)、抽穗期充分灌溉其余生育期轻度亏缺(W4)4个水分处理;在2017年试验结果基础上,2018年调整了试验设计,设充分灌溉(W2)、营养生长阶段(苗期末、拔节期)轻度亏缺(W5)、营养生长阶段中度亏缺(W6)3个水分处理;2019年设充分灌溉(W2)、营养生长阶段和灌浆末期轻度亏缺(W7)、营养生长阶段和灌浆末期中度亏缺(W8)3个水分处理。测定和计算了玉米植株茎流、棵间蒸发、冠层覆盖度、产量等指标。结果表明:玉米单株茎流速率受种植密度和水分亏缺的影响明显,复水可以缓解水分亏缺造成的茎流速率降低。高种植密度下,玉米植株对水分胁迫的反映更为敏感,相同水分亏缺程度会造成更严重的减产。相较于低种植密度(当地密度),充分灌溉下(W2)增大种植密度使2017、2018、2019年玉米产量分别提升15.82%、34.89%、22.64%;高密度处理下,相较于当地的经验灌水模式,在作物营养生长阶段后期及灌浆后期进行轻度亏水处理可在产量下降不显著的情况下节水约23.14%。因此,增大种植密度并在作物营养生长阶段后期及灌浆后期进行轻度亏水,可在显著增大产量的同时大幅减少耗水,结果为西北地区玉米节水增产提供科学依据。 | 吴宣毅 佟玲 康德奎 王磊 马冬青 杨其锟 郭晓旭 | 2022 | 农业工程学报2022，38，S01： | 4 |
| 5 | Review of drought impacts on carbon cycling in grassland ecosystems显示文摘Grasslands play a key role in both carbon and water cycles.In semi-arid and arid grassland areas,the frequency and intensity of droughts are increasing.However,the influence of a drought on grassland carbon cycling is still unclear.In this paper,the relationship between drought and grassland carbon cycling is described from the perspective of drought intensity,frequency,duration,and timing.Based on a large amount of literature,we determined that drought is one of the most prominent threats to grassland carbon cycling,although the impacts of different drought conditions are uncertain.The effects of a drought on grassland carbon cycling are more or less altered by drought-induced disturbances,whether individually or in combination.Additionally,a new conceptual model is proposed to better explain the mechanism of droughts on grassland carbon cycling.At present,evaluations of the effects of droughts on grassland carbon cycling are mainly qualitative.A data fusion model is indispensable for evaluating the fate of carbon cycling in a sustainable grassland system facing global change.In the future,multi-source data and models,based on the development of single and multiple disturbance experiments at the ecosystem level,can be utilized to systematically evaluate drought impacts on grassland carbon cycling at different timescales.Furthermore,more advanced models should be developed to address extreme drought events and their consequences on energy,water,and carbon cycling. | Tianjie LEI Jie FENG Cuiying ZHENG Shuguang LI Yang WANG Zhitao WU Jingxuan LU Guangyuan KAN Changliang SHAO Jinsheng JIA Hui CHENG | 2020 | Frontiers of Earth Science2020，14，2： | 2 |
| 6 | Studies on forest ecosystem physiology: marginal water-use efficiency of a tropical, seasonal, evergreen forest in Thailand显示文摘Marginal water-use efficiency plays a critical role in plant carbon–water coupling relationships.We investigated the ecosystem marginal water-use efficiency(k)of a tropical seasonal evergreen forest to(1)determine the general pattern of k across time,(2)compare different models for calculating k,and(3)address how k varies with soil water content during different seasons.There was a U-shaped diurnal pattern in k,which was higher in the early morning and late afternoon.At other times of the day,k was lower and remained constant.Ecosystem k was higher in the wet season than in the dry season.All three models successfully captured the diurnal and seasonal patterns of k but differed in the calculated absolute values.The idea that k is constant on a subdaily scale was partly supported by our study,while a constant k was only true when data from the early morning and late afternoon were not included.Theλincreases with soil water content on a seasonal scale,possibly because early morningλremained low in dry conditions when the soil water content was low. | Mengping Chen Guanze Wang Shuangxi Zhou Junfu Zhao Xiang Zhang Chunsheng He Yongjiang Zhang Liang Song Zhenghong Tan | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，6： | 1 |
| 7 | 黄河三角洲芦苇功能性状对不同水分生境的适应性显示文摘植物功能性状反映植物对环境变化的适应对策,对揭示植物的环境适应机制具有重要意义。以黄河三角洲不同水分生境(草地、河岸)的优势植物芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,分析了2种不同水分生境条件下芦苇功能性状变化特征、功能性状之间的关系、土壤含水率与芦苇功能性状之间的关系。结果表明:草地生境的芦苇株高、叶长、叶面积、比叶面积显著小于河岸生境,而叶片厚度显著大于河岸生境(P<0.05),说明芦苇对生境变化的适应策略发生了改变,其在草地生境下表现为保守的生存策略。芦苇株高与叶长、叶面积呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),叶片厚度与株高、叶长呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),叶片厚度与比叶面积呈显著负相关(P<0.05),株高、叶长、叶面积与土壤含水率呈显著正相关,叶片厚度与土壤含水率呈显著负相关。逐步回归分析表明,土壤深度(h)为10 cm | 岳喜元 岳伟 严宽 | 2023 | 东北林业大学学报2023，51，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Subsurface accumulation of CaCO3 and Cl- from groundwater under black locust and poplar plantations显示文摘When conditions are similar,more water evaporates from forest plantations than herbaceous vegetation,thereby affecting hydrological fluxes and ion transport in the soil.The vertical distribution of CaCO3 and Cl^-ions shifts due to afforestation.The effect of groundwater depth and clay content were studied in the Great Hungarian Plain where forest area has been increasing for decades by analyzing soil and groundwater samples from stands of black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia,11 plots)and poplar(Populus spp.,11 plots).All study sites contained one herbaceous(control)and one or more forested plots.CaCO3 and Cl^-ions accumulated in the soil profile in greater quantities under tree cover than in the controls.The scale of this process largely depended on the species and on soil and ion properties.Under black locust,Cl^-accumulated between 1.3 and 6.3 m,with a maximum difference of 0.3 pCl unit(pCl is Cl^-activity,the negative of the logarithm to base 10 of the concentration of the chloride ion,determined using an ion-selective electrode,it is a dimensionless quantity.),while the difference in CaCO3 accumulation was at most 3.5%in some layers,compared to control plots.This result may be explained by the difference in the mobility of Ca+and Cl^-ions.Different mechanisms were noticeable under poplar plantations due to their higher water uptake:Cl-accumulation was detected below 0.9 m to the groundwater with a maximum difference of 0.5 pCl units,while CaCO3 accumulation was continuous at depths of 2.3–6.8 m with a maximum difference of 8.4%,compared to the controls.With increasing clay content,there was a discernible effect on CaCO3 and Cl-accumulation under black locust,but not observed under poplars.These differences were explained by the differences in water uptake mechanisms and root patterns of the two species and the different mobility of Ca2^+and Cl-ions. | Andras Szabo Zoltan Gribovszki Esteban Gabriel Jobbagy Kitti Balog Andras Bidlo Tibor Toth | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，4： | 0 |
| 9 | 山桃叶片光合生理参数对土壤水分的响应特征显示文摘为探明山桃幼苗叶片光合生理特性对土壤干旱胁迫的响应规律,明确干旱胁迫下山桃幼苗的光合作用特性,以期为山桃幼苗的水分栽植管理提供理论依据。本研究以3 a生山桃幼苗为研究对象,模拟设置土壤相对含水量(RWC)为90.49%~30.28%共5个水分梯度,采用便携式光合仪Li-6400,测定分析不同土壤水分条件下山桃叶片的光合光响应曲线,筛选适宜的光合光响应模型,探讨山桃叶片净光合速率(P_(n))、光合光响应参数、蒸腾速率(T_(r))和水分利用效率(WUE)对土壤水分的响应规律。土壤水分可显著影响山桃幼苗叶片的光合作用和蒸腾作用,直角双曲线修正模型可较好模拟不同土壤水分条件下山桃叶片光合光响应曲线。山桃叶片表观量子效率、最大净光合速率、光饱和点、光补偿点和暗呼吸速率随土壤水分的降低均呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在RWC为59.68%~74.26%时光照生态幅较宽,利用弱光能力较强。随土壤水分的降低,山桃叶片P_(n)和T_(r)呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,分别在RWC为74.26%和59.68%下达最高值,而WUE表现为先降低后升高的趋势,在RWC为90.49%下达最高值。高水分条件下山桃叶片P_(n)、T_(r)和WUE显著高于低水分条件,适宜的水分条件可显著提升山桃叶片的光合能力。随干旱胁迫的加重,山桃叶片呈现T_(r)比P_(n)更加敏感的响应表现,呈现出干旱胁迫下以降低蒸腾作用提升水分高效利用的生理特性。 | 郑岩 刘传林 赵红霞 孙效静 彭广伟 张军 赵万里 夏江宝 | 2023 | 山东林业科技2023，53，5： | 0 |
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