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| 1 | 绿色超级稻品种的农艺与生理性状分析显示文摘探明绿色超级稻的农艺与生理性状,对于培育和选用绿色超级稻品种有重要意义。本研究以4个绿色超级稻品种为材料,1个超级稻品种和1个非超级稻品种为对照,观察了绿色超级稻的农艺与生理表现。结果表明,与对照品种相比,绿色超级稻品种具有较高的产量和氮素利用效率。绿色超级稻品种较高的产量得益于总颖花数和结实率的同步提高,较高的氮素利用率主要在于较高的植株氮素籽粒生产效率(氮素内部利用效率)。绿色超级稻具有较高的茎蘖成穗率和粒叶比,抽穗期较高的糖花比,灌浆期较高的作物生长速率、净同化率、根系氧化力和茎中同化物向籽粒的运转率和成熟期较高的收获指数。这些性状与产量及植株氮素籽粒生产效率均呈极显著的正相关。建议将上述性状作为培育和选用绿色超级稻品种的参考指标。 | 许阳东 朱宽宇 章星传 王志琴 杨建昌 | 2019 | 作物学报2019，45，1： | 17 |
| 2 | 水稻氮高效栽培技术、品种改良和生理机制研究进展显示文摘氮肥施用对保障我国粮食安全具有重要意义,但是过量施用氮肥不仅降低了氮素利用效率,还带来了一系列环境污染问题。协同提高产量与氮素利用效率是21世纪以来我国水稻生产面临的一项重要挑战,同时也是当前水稻栽培、生理与育种研究的热点。本文介绍了国内外典型氮肥管理策略的基本原理与施肥技术;总结了氮高效水稻品种尤其是绿色超级稻的氮高效相关农艺性状;综述了水稻高效吸收利用氮素的生理和分子机制,尤其是氮素对叶片结构及光合生理的影响和近期发现的重要氮高效基因。 | 杨德生 黄冠军 李勇 黄见良 王飞 | 2022 | 华中农业大学学报2022，41，1： | 15 |
| 3 | Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice显示文摘A major challenge in rice(Oryza sativa L.)production is to cope with increasing grain yield and fertilizer use efficiency without compromising grain quality.This study was designed to determine if optimizing integrative cultivation management in rice could improve grain quality while increase yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).An indica-japonica hybrid rice cultivar and a japonica rice cultivar were grown in the field,with five cultivation managements including no N application(0 N),local farmer's practice(LFP),and three optimizi ng in teg rati ve cultivati on managements,reducing N rate and increasi ng plant density(ND),ND+alternate wetting and moderate soil drying irrigation(NDW),and NDW+applying rapeseed cake fertilizer(NDWR).The results showed that the optimizi ng integrative cultivati on man ageme nts could not only in crease grain yield,but also enhance NUE compared to LFP.Compared to LFP,NDWR sign ifica ntly in creased brow n,milled,head milled rice rate,ratio of the kern el le ngth to breadth and breakdown value of starch,whereas decreased amylose content,gel consiste ncy,prolamin con tent,setback value,perce ntage of chalky kern els,and chalki ness.The three optimizing in tegrative cultivation managements increased con tents of total protei ns,albumin and glutelin,activities of the key enzymes involved in the sucrose-starch con version in grains,root oxidati on activity,and malic and succinic acid concentrations in root exudates during the grain-filling period.The results suggested that optimizing integrative cultivation managements could improve grain quality meanwhile increase grain yield and NUE by enhancing physiological activities of rice plants. | ZHANG Hao HOU Dan-ping PENG Xian-long MA Bing-ju SHAO Shi-mei JING Wen-jiang GU Jun-fei LIU Li-jun WANG Zhi-qin LIU Yuan-ying YANG Jian-chang | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2019，18，12： | 14 |
| 4 | Effect of various crop rotations on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy–upland systems in southeastern China显示文摘To evaluate the effects of various rotation systems on rice grain yield and N use efficiency, a paddy–upland cropping experiment(2013–2016) was conducted in southeastern China. The experiment was designed using six different rice––winter crop rotations: rice–fallow(RF),rice–wheat(RW), rice–potato with rice straw mulch(RP), rice–green manure(Chinese milk vetch; RC–G), rice–oilseed rape(RO), and rice–green manure crop(oilseed rape with fresh straw incorporated into soil at flowering; RO–G) and three N rates, N0(0 kg N ha-1), N1(142.5 kg N ha-1), and N2(202.5 kg N ha-1). Average rice yields in the RF(5.93 t ha-1) rotation were significantly lower than those in the rotations with winter crops(7.20–7.48 t ha-1)under the N0 treatment, suggesting that incorporation of straw might be more effective for increasing soil N than winter fallow. The rice yield differences among the rotations varied by year with the N input. In general, the grain yields in the RP and RO–G rotations –were respectively 11.6–28.5% and 14.80–37.19% higher than those in the RF in plots with N applied. Increasing the N rate may have tended to minimize the average yield gap between the RF and the other rotations; the yield gaps were 18.55%, 4.14%, and 0.23% in N0, N1, and N2, respectively. However, the N recovery efficiency in the RF was significantly lower than that in other rotations, except for 2015 under both N1 and N2 rates, a finding that implies a large amount of chemical N loss. No significant differences in nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE) and physiological efficiency(NPE) were found between the rotations with legume(RC–G) and non–legume(RO and RW) winter crops, a result that may be due partly to straw incorporation. For this reason, we concluded that the return of straw could reduce differences in N use efficiency between rotations with and without legume crops. The degree of synchrony between the crop N demand and the N supply was evaluated by comparison of nitrogen balance degree(NBD) values. The NBD values in the RP and RW were significantly lower than those in the other rotations under both N1 and N2 rates. Thus,in view of the higher grain yield in the RP compared to the RW under the N1 rate, the RP rotation might be a promising practice with comparable grain yield and greater N use efficiency under reduced N input relative to the other rotations. The primary yield components of the RF and RP were identified as number of panicles m-2 and numbers of kernels panicle-1, respectively. The NAE and NPE were positively correlated with harvest index, possibly providing a useful indicator for evaluating N use efficiency. | Song Chen Shaowen Liu Xi Zheng Min Yin Guang Chu Chunmei Xu Jinxiang Yan Liping Chen Danying Wang Xiufu Zhang | 2018 | The Crop Journal2018，6，6： | 13 |
| 5 | 甬优系列籼粳杂交稻产量及氮素吸收利用的差异显示文摘从24个甬优系列籼粳杂交稻品种(系)中,根据不同产量水平和氮素农学利用率筛选出具有代表性的3种类型(高产氮高效、高产氮中效、中产氮中效),系统比较各类型产量和氮素农学利用率,以探究高产氮高效型籼粳杂交稻产量和氮素吸收利用特征。结果表明,高产氮高效型产量显著高于高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型,分别高4.04%~4.38%和13.37%~13.41%,其高产原因在于群体颖花量大,能达到5.87×10^8~6.20×10^8 hm^-2。与高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型相比,高产氮高效型成穗率高,能保持在68.83%~70.05%;抽穗期叶面积指数高,且生育后期衰减平缓,成熟期叶面积指数在3.85以上;抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量大,达7.91~7.99 t hm^-2,全生育期干物质量可达21.15~21.46 t hm^-2。在氮素吸收利用方面,高产氮高效型总吸氮量显著高于高产氮中效型和中产氮中效型,分别高5.07%~5.14%和4.50%~5.96%;拔节至抽穗期和抽穗至成熟期氮素吸收速率表现为高产氮高效型>高产氮中效型>中产氮中效型,花后茎鞘氮素转运量、穗部氮素积累量和氮素收获指数也有相同表现;氮素回收利用率、农学利用率、生理利用率和偏生产力均以高产氮高效型最高;高产氮中效型除氮素回收利用率和百千克籽粒吸氮量外,其他各项氮素利用指标均高于中产氮中效型。 | 周磊 刘秋员 田晋钰 朱梦华 程爽 车阳 王志杰 邢志鹏 胡雅杰 刘国栋 魏海燕 张洪程 | 2020 | 作物学报2020，46，5： | 13 |
| 6 | Improving grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and radiation use efficiency by dense planting, with delayed and reduced nitrogen application, in double cropping rice in South China显示文摘Improving both grain yield and resource use efficiencies simultaneously is a major challenge in rice production.However,few studies have focused on integrating dense planting with delayed and reduced nitrogen application to enhance grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and radiation use efficiency (RUE) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the double rice cropping system in South China.A high-yielding indica hybrid rice cultivar (Yliangyou 143) was grown in field experiments in Guangxi,South China,with three cultivation managements:farmers’practice (FP),dense planting with equal N input and delayed N application (DPEN) and dense planting with reduced N input and delayed N application (DPRN).The grain yields of DPRN reached 10.6 and 9.78 t ha^(–1) in the early and late cropping seasons,respectively,which were significantly higher than the corresponding yields of FP by 23.9–29.9%.The grain yields in DPEN and DPRN were comparable.NUE in DPRN reached 65.2–72.9 kg kg^(–1),which was 61.2–74.1% higher than that in FP and 24.6–30.2% higher than that in DPEN.RUE in DPRN achieved 1.60–1.80 g MJ^(–1),which was 28.6–37.9% higher than that in FP.The productive tiller percentage in DPRN was 7.9–36.2% higher than that in DPEN.Increases in crop growth rate,leaf area duration,N uptake from panicle initiation to heading and enhancement of the apparent transformation ratio of dry weight from stems and leaf sheaths to panicles all contributed to higher grain yield and higher resource use efficiencies in DPRN.Correlation analysis revealed that the agronomic and physiological traits mentioned above were significantly and positively correlated with grain yield.Comparison trials carried out in Guangdong in 2018 and 2019 also showed that DPRN performed better than DPEN.We conclude that DPRN is a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing grain yield,NUE and RUE in the double rice cropping system in South China. | FU You-qiang ZHONG Xu-hua ZENG Jia-huan LIANG Kai-ming PAN Jun-feng XIN Ying-feng LIU Yan-zhuo HU Xiang-yu PENG Bi-lin CHEN Rong-bing HU Rui HUANG Nong-rong | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2021，20，2： | 12 |
| 7 | 20 years'development of super rice in China--The 20th anniversary of the super rice in China显示文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is originated from Asia and more than 90%of rice is produced in Asia.As the most important cereal crop in the world,rice is the staple food for over 1/3global population,while this proportion is over 60%in Asia(Wan 2010).In order to maintain the most important role that rice has played in Asian agriculture and ensure | CHEN Wen-fu XU Zheng-jin TANG Liang | 2017 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2017，16，5： | 8 |
| 8 | 不同深度土壤控水对稻田土壤微生物区系及细菌群落多样性的影响显示文摘为研究不同深度土壤控水对壤土稻田土壤水势、微生物区系和细菌群落多样性的影响,通过土培池栽试验,在水稻生育后期设置土壤深度0~5cm(S05)、0~10cm(S10)和0~15cm(S15)控水处理,以保持水层为对照,分析了不同深度控水处理下5 cm、10 cm、15 cm深土壤水势与土壤微生物区系、细菌群落多样性的变化。结果表明:土壤5 cm、10 cm、15 cm深度的水势随着控水深度增加而降低, S05控水处理主要影响上层(5 cm)土壤水势,S10控水处理影响上、中层(10cm)土壤水势,S15控水处理土壤水势随土层深度的增加而升高。花后8 d和32 d, S05控水处理上层土壤细菌数量显著高于S10、S15控水处理;花后16~24 d, S05控水处理中层、下层(15cm)土壤细菌数量均显著高于S15控水处理;土壤水势与水稻生育后期中、下层土壤细菌数量呈极显著正相关关系。S05控水处理10 cm、15 cm土层的细菌丰富度Chao指数均显著高于S15控水处理及CK。3个控水处理中, 5 cm土层细菌的多样性Shannon指数以S05控水处理最低。优势细菌菌群分析发现,优势群落主要为变形菌门、绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门,四者总相对丰度在80%以上; S15控水处理中层土壤变形菌门相对丰度低于S05和S10控水处理。3个控水处理土壤样品中优势纲(相对丰度大于2%)达15个,主要包括α-变形菌纲、β-变形菌纲、δ-变形菌纲、厌氧绳菌纲等,这4个纲的总相对丰度在47%以上,其中厌氧绳菌纲相对丰度最高;上层土壤中S05控水处理的β-变形菌纲相对丰度显著低于S10和S15控水处理。因此,不同深度土壤控水对壤土土壤水势、细菌数量存在影响,改变了细菌的多样性及丰富度,对土壤细菌优势菌种类无显著影响。 | 张静 可文静 刘娟 王留行 陈浩 彭廷 赵全志 | 2019 | 中国生态农业学报(中英文)2019，27，2： | 7 |
| 9 | 全生育期干湿交替灌溉对稻米品质及淀粉特性的影响显示文摘以常规籼稻和杂交籼稻品种为材料,在大田种植条件下,全生育期设置常规灌溉(CF)和干湿交替灌溉(WMD)处理,观察不同灌溉方式对稻米品质和淀粉特性的影响。结果表明:与常规籼稻品种相比,杂交籼稻品种具有较高的产量、灌溉水利用效率、精米率、整精米率、总蛋白质及其组分含量、消减值、相对结晶度、1045/1022cm-1红外比值、中淀粉粒体积百分比以及灌浆早期和中期的籽粒关键酶活性、剑叶光合速率和根系氧化力。与CF相比,WMD可改善稻米的加工和外观品质,增加支链淀粉和总淀粉含量、中淀粉粒数量和体积百分比,优化蛋白质组分,提高淀粉的峰值黏度、热浆黏度、最终黏度、崩解值以及灌浆期籽粒关键酶活性、剑叶光合速率和根系氧化力,降低淀粉消减值、相对结晶度、大淀粉粒数量和体积百分比。在WMD下,杂交籼稻品质和淀粉特性改善幅度大于常规籼稻。这说明全生育期干湿交替灌溉可获得较高的产量和水分利用效率,并能明显改善杂交籼稻米质及淀粉特性。 | 张耗 马丙菊 张春梅 赵步洪 许京菊 邵士梅 顾骏飞 刘立军 王志琴 杨建昌 | 2020 | 扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版)2020，41，6： | 6 |
| 10 | From Green Super Rice to green agriculture:Reaping the promise of functional genomics research显示文摘Producing sufficient food with finite resources to feed the growing global population while having a smaller impact on the environment has always been a great challenge.Here,we review the concept and practices of Green Super Rice(GSR)that have led to a paradigm shift in goals for crop genetic improvement and models of food production for promoting sustainable agriculture.The momentous achievements and global deliveries of GSR have been fueled by the integration of abundant genetic resources,functional gene discoveries,and innovative breeding techniques with precise gene and whole-genome selection and efficient agronomic management to promote resource-saving,environmentally friendly crop production systems.We also provide perspectives on new horizons in genomic breeding technologies geared toward delivering green and nutritious crop varieties to further enhance the development of green agricul-ture and better nourish the world population. | Sibin Yu Jauhar Ali Shaochuan Zhou Guangjun Ren Huaan Xie Jianlong Xu Xinqiao Yu Fasong Zhou Shaobing Peng Liangyong Ma Dingyang Yuan Zefu Li Dazhou Chen Ruifeng Zheng Zhigang Zhao Chengcai Chu Aiqing You Yu Wei Susong Zhu Qiongyao Gu Guangcun He Shigui Li Guifu Liu Changhua Liu Chaopu Zhang Jinghua Xiao Lijun Luo Zhikang Li Qifa Zhang | 2022 | Molecular Plant2022，15，1： | 6 |
| 11 | 施氮量对超级稻南粳9108产量、淀粉RVA谱特征值和理化特性的影响显示文摘为探明施氮量对水稻RVA谱特征值、稻米淀粉结构和理化特性的影响,以超级稻品种南粳9108为材料,在大田种植,设置3个施氮水平,分别为全生育期不施氮(N0)、施纯氮180kg/hm^(2)(N180)和360kg/hm^(2)(N360),研究了淀粉结构和理化性质与RVA谱特征值的关系。结果表明,与N0相比,N180和N360处理下南粳9108的产量显著增加,氮肥利用率则逐渐降低。与N0相比,N180处理下南粳9108的崩解值、热浆黏度、峰值黏度、糊化温度和胶稠度提升,消减值和直链淀粉含量降低;提高了支链淀粉中短中链含量、淀粉的无序结构、溶解度和膨胀度,降低了糊化焓和结晶度。N360处理的结果与上述结果相反。相关性分析表明,支链淀粉短中链含量与崩解值、淀粉的无序结构、溶解度和膨胀度呈显著或极显著正相关,与糊化焓、结晶度和消减值呈显著或极显著负相关。综上可得,全生育期施纯氮180kg/hm^(2)时南粳9108支链淀粉结构和淀粉理化性质得到改善,优化了RVA谱特征值,使蒸煮食味品质变优。 | 李润卿 申勇 朱宽宇 王志琴 杨建昌 | 2022 | 作物杂志2022，，1： | 5 |
| 12 | 不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期铵吸收特性及生长差异分析显示文摘[目的]测定不同氮吸收效率品种对外界NH4+浓度的响应,解释水稻品种间氮吸收差异的机理。[方法]采用水培法栽培氮吸收高效的水稻品种齐粒丝苗(QL)和氮吸收低效的品种沪科3号(HK),通过分析水稻幼苗在0—0.80 mmol·L^(-1)低铵浓度和1.00-12.96 mmol·L^(-1)高铵浓度下的铵吸收速率,计算铵吸收动力学参数Vmax和Km值,比较不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期铵吸收特性;通过比较不同NH4+浓度下的水稻苗期株高、分蘖数、叶绿素含量、以及地上和地下部的干物质和氮素积累量,用根系扫描法分析根系形态,包括总根长、根体积、根表面积、平均直径、根尖数等,用非损伤性扫描离子选择电极技术(scanning ion-selective electrode technique,SIET)测量根分生区和伸长区NH4+的跨细胞膜运输,用液相氧电极系统分析根系氧损耗,研究不同氮吸收效率水稻品种的苗期生长差异。[结果](1)在0—0.8 mmol·L^(-1)、低铵浓度下,2个水稻品种QL和HK幼苗对NH4+的吸收符合Michaelich-Menten方程,氮吸收高效品种QL的吸收动力学参数Vmax为氮吸收低效品种HK的1.66倍;当NH4+的浓度大于1 mmol·L^(-1)时,水稻幼苗对NH4+的吸收均随着外界NH4+浓度的增加而增大,但同一NH4+浓度下,氮吸收高效品种QL对NH4+的吸收速率大于氮吸收低效品种HK;(2)水稻根系分生区在外界不同NH4+浓度下均表现为NH4+的跨细胞膜净流入,且NH4+净流入速率随着外界NH4+浓度的升高而增加,氮吸收高效品种QL在低铵(LN)、中铵(MN)和高铵(HN)处理下根系分生区NH4+净流入速率分别比氮吸收低效品种HK高42.0%、71.8%和63.6%;根系伸长区NH4+的跨细胞膜流通品种间存在差异,氮吸收低效品种HK在LN和HN下均出现NH4+跨细胞膜净输出,而氮吸收高效的品种QL仅在HN下出现NH4+跨细胞膜净输出,且净输出速率比氮吸收低效的HK低34.30%。(3)在LN和MN浓度下,氮吸收高效品种QL的苗期形态和物质积累并不占优势;适量增铵可以增加水稻的株高、分蘖、叶绿素含量、干物质和氮素积累量,但过高的外界铵浓度对水稻生长特别是根系生长有抑制作用;HN下,氮吸收高效的品种QL显示出一定的生长优势,播种后10-20 d的分蘖增加速率和干物质增加速率分别比氮吸收低效的品种HK高65.7%和31.4%;虽然品种QL的根系氮浓度比品种HK低15.1%,但其地上部氮积累量比HK高23.5%,说明QL比HK能更快地将根系吸收的氮转运至地上部供其生长所需。[结论]与氮吸收低效品种相比,氮吸收高效品种根系细胞膜上有更多的NH4+运输载体,根系吸收的NH4+同化、转运速度快,苗期分蘖速率和干物重积累速率大。 | 黄秀 叶昌 燕金香 李福明 褚光 徐春梅 陈松 章秀福 王丹英 | 2021 | 中国农业科学2021，54，7： | 4 |
| 13 | Mechanisms and molecular approaches for heat tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under climate change scenario显示文摘Rice, a staple cereal crop in many parts of the world, has been confronted with multiple environmental stresses including high temperature, negatively impacts the booting as well as anthesis growth stages. The situation is further complicated by the changing climatic conditions, resulting in gradual escalation of temperature as well as changing the rainfall pattern and frequency, thus raising a concern of food security worldwide. The situation can be combat by developing rice varieties with excellent genetics with improved morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms, together can minimize the adverse effects of heat stress. Here, several strategies(encompassing genetic and genomic, and mechanisms involved) for mitigating the impact of high temperature on rice have been discussed. Finally, the utilization of genomic knowledge in augmenting the conventional breeding approaches have been comprehensively elaborated to develop heat tolerant germplasm. | Syed Adeel Zafar Amjad Hameed Muhammad Amjad Nawaz MA Wei Mehmood All Noor Muzammil Hussain Mehboob-ur-Rahman | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，4： | 4 |
| 14 | 氮肥对超级杂交稻穗颈节间维管束结构的影响显示文摘在大田栽培条件下,以代表性超级杂交稻品种为材料,研究不同施氮量[0(N0)、150(N10)、210(N14)、300(N20)、390(N26)、450(N30)kg/hm^2]条件下灌浆期超级杂交稻穗颈节间维管束结构的变化,并分析其与产量及其构成因素的关系,为超级杂交稻增产的生理机制研究提供理论依据。结果表明,施用氮肥可以改变超级杂交稻穗颈节间维管束结构;随施氮量的增加,各品种大维管束和小维管束数目、面积、总面积总体上均表现为先增加后减小的变化趋势,且总体在施氮量为210 kg/hm^2下维管束结构最优;超级杂交稻穗颈节间大维管束和小维管束数目、面积、总面积均与有效穗数(大维管束和小维管束数目除外)、千粒质量呈显著或极显著负相关,而与穗粒数、结实率(小维管束数目、面积除外)、产量(小维管束面积除外)均呈显著或极显著正相关。综上,合理施氮肥通过改变大、小维管束结构影响“流”的运转能力,可能主要体现在提高超级杂交稻穗粒数、结实率方面,进而增加产量,总体以施氮量210 kg/hm^2最优。 | 王留行 彭廷 熊加豹 王海彬 刘晔 张静 王代长 滕永忠 赵全志 | 2019 | 河南农业科学2019，48，9： | 3 |
| 15 | 水稻根系特征与稻米品质的关系研究进展显示文摘水稻根系是吸收水分和养分的重要部位,同时也是合成和分泌多种植物激素、有机酸和氨基酸等营养物质的主要器官,其形态和生理特征对产量和品质有重要影响。本文综述了水稻根系形态与生理特征研究进展,分析了主要根系特征及化学信号与稻米品质的关系,并讨论了目前研究存在的问题和未来研究方向。 | 景文疆 杨颖 马强 吴昊 张瑛 顾汉柱 叶苗 张耗 | 2022 | 中国稻米2022，28，4： | 3 |
| 16 | 田间开放式增温对东北水稻氮素利用的影响显示文摘东北地区是全球气候变暖趋势最为显著的地区之一,研究预期增温对东北水稻氮素吸收利用的影响,可为区域水稻可持续生产与氮肥优化管理提供借鉴。本研究于2019—2020年在黑龙江省哈尔滨市设置田间开放式增温(free air temperature increase,FATI)系统,大田与盆栽试验相结合,采用^(15)N同位素示踪技术,模拟预期增温(+1.5℃)对水稻产量、氮素利用以及氮肥去向的影响。结果表明,增温促进了水稻地上部干物质积累,与对照相比,大田与盆栽的水稻产量2年平均分别提高10.4%和10.8%;增温显著提高了水稻氮素吸收总量,与对照相比,2年平均增幅达21.3%,但增温处理的氮素籽粒利用效率呈降低趋势;增温处理下水稻从肥料中吸收的氮素显著下降,但从土壤中吸收的氮素显著增加31.1%,导致氮肥回收率降低12.5%,而氮肥损失率增加14.2%。总体来看,增温有增加水稻籽粒产量的趋势,但降低了水稻对肥料氮的吸收比例,导致氮素利用效率降低,氮肥损失率显著增加。在气候变暖背景下,建议合理增加水稻移栽密度,以充分利用温度升高对水稻产量的正向效应,适当减少氮肥施用量、优化氮肥运筹管理,提高水稻氮素利用效率。 | 阮俊梅 张俊 刘猷红 董文军 孟英 邓艾兴 杨万深 宋振伟 张卫建 | 2022 | 作物学报2022，48，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Solar radiation-use characteristics of indica/japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the late season in southeast China显示文摘New indica and japonica hybrid rice cultivars,such as the Yongyou series,provide farmers with very high yield potential.However,information on their canopy light capture and solar radiation use efficiency in the late season is limited.Field experiments were performed to compare the radiation-use parameters of four rice types:indica rice(IR),inbred japonica rice(IJR),hybrid japonica rice(HJR),and hybrid indica/japonica rice(HIJR),from 2016 to 2018 during the late season in Hangzhou,China.The grain yield,aboveground biomass,intercepted solar radiation(SI),and radiation-use efficiency(RUE)of the HIJR were on average respectively 13.4%–53.4%,14.3%–30.6%,7.6%–21.4%,and 8.2%–14.9%higher than those of the HJR,IJR,and IR.The leaf area index(LAI)of the HIJR was 18.2%–57.0%greater than that of the IJR and HJR at four growth stages,resulting in respectively 17.8%–38.5%and 10.7%–42.8%greater canopy light interception rates(LIR)and amount of intercepted solar radiation during the vegetative stage.The prolonged grain-filling stage also led to respectively 33.9%–52.6%and 30.5%–51.4%increases in amounts of incident and intercepted radiation for the HIJR relative to the IR during grain filling.These results indicate that the SI superiority of the HIJR was caused by canopy closure as rapid as that of the IR during the vegetative stage(greater LAI and canopy LIR during the growing season)and a grain-filling stage as long as that of the HJR.For grain-filling stage,differences in leaf Pn between HIJR,IR,and IJR were not significant,suggesting that the greater RUE of the HIJR(12.7%–52.8%higher)than that of the other rice types resulted from improved canopy architecture after flowering(FL).Principal components analysis(PCA)revealed that the superiority of the HIJR in terms of solar radiation use resulted from the greater canopy light capture capability of IR and the prolonged growth period(especially during grain filling)of japonica rice in the late growing season. | Min Yin Shaowen Liu Xi Zheng Guang Chu Chunmei Xu Xiufu Zhang Dangying Wang Song Chen | 2021 | The Crop Journal2021，9，2： | 3 |
| 18 | Morpho-physiological traits contributing to better yield performance of japonica/indica hybrids over indica hybrids under input-reduced practices显示文摘It is widely reported that japonica/indica hybrids(JIH)have superior grain yield over other main varietal groups such as indica hybrids(IH)under sufficient resource inputs.To date,little attention has been paid to yield performance of JIH under input-reduced practices,and whether JIH could have better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices.In this study,three JIH varieties and three IH varieties were compared in grain yield and their related morpho-physiological traits under two cultivation modes,i.e.,conventional high-yielding method(CHYM)and double reductions in nitrogen rate and planting density(DRNP).Our results showed that JIH had 8.3 and 13.3%higher grain yield over IH under CHYM and DRNP,respectively.The superior grain yield of JIH over IH under DRNP was mainly attributed to larger sink size and improved sink filling efficiency.Three main morpho-physiological traits were concluded for better yield performance of JIH over IH under DRNP.Firstly,JIH had the reduced unproductive tillers growth,indicated by a higher percentage of productive tillers and the percentage of effective leaf area index(LAI)to total LAI at heading stage.Secondly,a synergistic increase in biomass accumulation and harvest index were achieved of JIH,supported by higher biomass accumulation and leaf area duration during the main growth periods,and improved non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)remobilization after heading.Thirdly,JIH had an improved canopy structure,showing as higher leaf area of upper three leaves and lower light extinction coefficient.Our results suggested that improved morpho-physiological traits of JIH could lead to better grain yield performance over IH under input-reduced practices. | WEI Huan-he MENG Tian-yao GE Jia-lin ZHANG Xu-bin LU Yu LI Xin-yue TAO Yuan DING Enhao CHEN Ying-long DAI Qi-gen | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2020，19，11： | 1 |
| 19 | dep1 improves rice grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency simultaneously by enhancing nitrogen and dry matter translocation显示文摘The rice cultivars carrying dep1(dense and erect panicle 1)have the potential to achieve both high grain yield and high nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).However,few studies have focused on the agronomic and physiological performance of those cultivars associated with high yield and high NUE under field conditions.Therefore,we evaluated the yield performance and NUE of two near-isogenic lines(NILs)carrying DEP1(NIL-DEP1)and dep1-1(NIL-dep1)genes under the Nanjing 6 background at 0 and 120 kg N ha^(–1).Grain yield and NUE for grain production(NUEg)were 25.5 and 21.9%higher in NIL-dep1 compared to NIL-DEP1 averaged across N treatments and planting years,respectively.The yield advantage of NIL-dep1 over NIL-DEP1 was mainly due to larger sink size(i.e.,higher total spikelet number),grainfilling percentage,total dry matter production,and harvest index.N utilization rather than N uptake contributed to the high yield of NIL-dep1.Significantly higher NUEg in NIL-dep1 was associated with higher N and dry matter translocation efficiency,lower leaf and stem N concentration at maturity,and higher glutamine synthetase(GS)activity in leaves.In conclusion,dep1 improved grain yield and NUE by increasing N and dry matter transport due to higher leaf GS activity under field conditions during the grain-filling period. | HUANG Li-ying Li Xiao-xiao ZHANG Yun-bo Shah FAHAD WANG Fei | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2022，21，11： | 1 |
| 20 | 薯—稻模式下穗肥用量对直播籼稻产量及群体质量的影响显示文摘【目的】为实现水稻减肥稳产或者减肥增产、节本增效和减少环境污染的目标,探索云南省湿热籼稻亚区冬马铃薯—水稻轮作模式下直播籼稻高产高效的施肥新方法。【方法】在云南省临沧市双江县选择前作种植冬马铃薯的田块,以杂交籼稻品种F优498和隆两优1206为试验材料。在不施基蘖肥的基础上,设置0、60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)4个穗肥用量,分别以N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)表示,穗肥全部为氮肥,并且按照促花肥和保花肥质量比1∶1施用,研究穗肥用量对直播籼稻群体质量、光合特性及产量的影响。【结果】施用保花肥前,2品种不同施肥量之间茎蘖数差异不显著(P>0.05);施用保花肥后,能够减缓分蘖消亡速率,显著提高分蘖成穗率和有效穗数(P<0.05)。穗肥显著减小倒3叶与倒4叶相对叶色差,显著提高齐穗期叶面积指数、高效叶面积指数、每穗粒数和总颖花量(P<0.05),同时显著提高净光合速率、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度和蒸腾速率等光合特征参数,促进齐穗期、成熟期和齐穗后干物质积累(P<0.05)。施用60、90和120 kg/hm^(2)穗肥分别促使F优498增产12.10%、19.33%和17.34%,隆两优1206增产12.15%、19.35%和7.88%,2个品种均为穗肥用量90 kg/hm^(2)产量最高,其中F优498为10.36 t/hm^(2),隆两优1206为9.52 t/hm^(2),最高产量的实现是通过增加有效穗和每穗粒数获得高颖花量的同时维持较高结实率和千粒质量。最优穗肥用量90 kg/hm^(2)分别将F优498和隆两优1206氮肥农学效率提高到18.65和17.15 kg/kg。【结论】在云南前作种植冬马铃薯的田块,由于基础地力较高,采取前期不施基蘖肥,结合晒田控制水稻高峰苗过大,促使无效分蘖期叶色落黄,在倒4叶和倒2叶分别施用45 kg/hm^(2)纯氮作穗肥,可以减缓分蘖消亡速率,提高成穗率,增加有效穗数,促进大穗的形成,进而实现高产。 | 朱海平 刘玉文 王耀伟 李如会 田淑玲 欧阳怡平 杨久 杨从党 | 2021 | 云南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2021，36，4： | 0 |
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