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| 1 | 中药与天然药物2015~2020年研究亮点评述显示文摘中药与天然药物在2015~2020年取得多项突破性进展,屠呦呦青蒿素研究获得诺贝尔奖促使国内外掀起研究中药与天然药物的热潮,“甘露寡糖二酸”、“桑枝总生物碱片”等原创药物获得新药证书;多项研究成果入选年度“中国十大医学进展”,在Nature、Science、New England Journal of Medicine、Lancet等国际顶级期刊发表了高水平的研究论文,本文梳理总结了这五年期间国内外科学家在国际著名期刊发表中药与天然药物相关的亮点学术成果,并对其在化学、药物资源、药理、制剂、新药开发等相关领域取得的重要进展进行了评述,以期追踪和报道中药与天然药物领域发展的前沿和热点,并通过对其分析得出学科发展的启示和展望。 | 陈士林 孙奕 万会花 张晗 赵庆贺 | 2020 | 药学学报2020，55，12： | 24 |
| 2 | 药用植物分子遗传学研究显示文摘随着现代生物技术的发展,药用植物分子遗传学研究逐步成为学术界的热点。该文首次提出了药用植物分子遗传学的研究体系,从遗传资源、基因组、基因功能和研究方法方面阐述了药用植物分子遗传学体系的基础;探讨了药用植物品种鉴定、分子育种以及生物合成方面的主要应用范围;指出药用植物分子遗传学的主要研究方向,重点推进千种草药基因组计划,建立以药用模式物种及突变体库为主体的功能基因研究平台,构建药用植物活性成分异源合成体系基因原件库及专一底盘细胞,通过分子育种培育高有效成分高抗性的药用植物新品种等。 | 陈士林 吴问广 王彩霞 向丽 师玉华 张栋 胡灏禹 | 2019 | 中国中药杂志2019，0，12： | 21 |
| 3 | 药用植物分子遗传学研究规律的探讨显示文摘该文探讨了药用植物分子遗传学的定义,即是以药用植物作为研究对象的综合性学科,该学科关注药用植物的遗传和变异规律,研究药用植物关键性状(有效成分、产量、抗性等)和基因型的相关性,主要从分子水平上研究药用植物基因的结构与功能,遗传与变异,从而揭示药用植物生长发育和环境应答过程中遗传信息传递、表达和调控的分子机制。详细论述了药用植物分子遗传学的三大研究重点方向:一是药用植物个体和群体的遗传和变异规律,主要突出药用植物的人工驯化的遗传机制、药用植物物种层面的个体基因组学和药用植物群体遗传多样性的形成和规律;二是药用植物药效成分合成途径的解析及代谢途径的进化。重点阐述药用植物有效成分的生物合成、有效成分的多样性及分子进化;三是药用植物体内外因子影响其关键性状形成的分子遗传调控机制。主要涉及到药用植物药用活性成分的积累和分布,环境因子对活性成分积累调控网络分子机制。最后结合多组学技术的快速发展对药用植物分子遗传研究重点的未来发展方向进行了展望,并提出应用药用植物分子遗传学规律实现药用植物保育、育种和有效成分生物合成等的具体方法和措施。 | 陈士林 孙伟 吴问广 陈万生 王瑛 董扬 刘义飞 徐志超 孙超 尹青岗 李勇青 罗鸣 肖莹 万会花 | 2020 | 中国中药杂志2020，45，23： | 10 |
| 4 | Comparative Genome Analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria barbata Reveals the Evolution of Active Flavonoid Biosynthesis显示文摘Scutellaria baicalensis(S.baicalensis)and Scutellaria barbata(S.barbata)are common medicinal plants of the Lamiaceae family.Both produce specific flavonoid compounds,including baicalein,scutellarein,norwogonin,and wogonin,as well as their glycosides,which exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities.Here,we report chromosome-level genome assemblies of S.baicalensis and S.barbata with quantitative chromosomal variation(2 n=18 and 2 n=26,respectively).The divergence of S.baicalensis and S.barbata occurred far earlier than previously reported,and a whole-genome duplication(WGD)event was identified.The insertion of long terminal repeat elements after speciation might be responsible for the observed chromosomal expansion and rearrangement.Comparative genome analysis of the congeneric species revealed the species-specific evolution of chrysin and apigenin biosynthetic genes,such as the S.baicalensis-specific tandem duplication of genes encoding phenylalanine ammonia lyase and chalcone synthase,and the S.barbata-specific duplication of genes encoding 4-Co A ligase.In addition,the paralogous duplication,colinearity,and expression diversity of CYP82 D subfamily members revealed the functional divergence of genes encoding flavone hydroxylase between S.baicalensis and S.barbata.Analyzing these Scutellaria genomes reveals the common and species-specific evolution of flavone biosynthetic genes.Thus,these findings would facilitate the development of molecular breeding and studies of biosynthesis and regulation of bioactive compounds. | Zhichao Xu Ranran Gao Xiangdong Pu Rong Xu Jiyong Wang Sihao Zheng Yan Zeng Jun Chen Chunnian He Jingyuan Song | 2020 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2020，18，3： | 10 |
| 5 | Sclareol and linalyl acetate are produced by glandular trichomes through the MEP pathway显示文摘Sclareol,an antifungal specialized metabolite produced by clary sage,Salvia sclarea,is the starting plant natural molecule used for the hemisynthesis of the perfume ingredient ambroxide.Sclareol is mainly produced in clary sage flower calyces;however,the cellular localization of the sclareol biosynthesis remains unknown.To elucidate the site of sclareol biosynthesis,we analyzed its spatial distribution in the clary sage calyx epidermis using laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging(LDI–FTICR-MSI)and investigated the expression profile of sclareol biosynthesis genes in isolated glandular trichomes(GTs).We showed that sclareol specifically accumulates in GTs’gland cells in which sclareol biosynthesis genes are strongly expressed.We next isolated a glabrous beardless mutant and demonstrate that more than 90%of the sclareol is produced by the large capitate GTs.Feeding experiments,using 1-13 C-glucose,and specific enzyme inhibitors further revealed that the methylerythritol-phosphate(MEP)biosynthetic pathway is the main source of isopentenyl diphosphate(IPP)precursor used for the biosynthesis of sclareol.Our findings demonstrate that sclareol is an MEP-derived diterpene produced by large capitate GTs in clary sage emphasing the role of GTs as biofactories dedicated to the production of specialized metabolites. | Camille Chalvin Stephanie Drevensek Françoise Gilard Caroline Mauve Christel Chollet Halima Morin Edith Nicol Eva Heripre Lucie Kriegshauser Bertrand Gakiere Michel Dron Abdelhafid Bendahmane Adnane Boualem | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 2 |
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