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1Reactive oxygen species may play an essential role in driving biological evolution: The Cambrian Explosion as an example显示文摘The Cambrian Explosion is one of the most significant events in the history of life;essentially all easily fossilizable animal body plans first evolved during this event. Although many theories have been proposed to explain this event, its cause remains unresolved.Here, we propose that the elevated level of oxygen, in combination with the increased mobility and food intake of metazoans, led to increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS), which drove evolution by enhancing mutation rates and providing new regulatory mechanisms. Our hypothesis may provide a unified explanation for the Cambrian Explosion as it incorporates both environmental and developmental factors and is also consistent with ecological explanations for animal radiation. Future studies should focus on testing this hypothesis, and may lead to important insights into evolution.Dong Yang Xuejun Guo Tian Xie Xiaoyan Luo 2018Journal of Environmental Sciences2018,30,1:5
2Cu_(2)O纳米颗粒对小麦根系形态及遗传毒性的影响显示文摘为了阐明Cu_(2)O纳米颗粒(NPs)暴露对植物根系的毒性效应,本研究以小麦品种‘周麦18’为材料,采用水培试验方法,研究了10、50、100和200 mg·L^(-1)浓度的Cu_(2)O-NPs对小麦幼苗生长、根系活性、形态结构及细胞遗传学毒性的影响。结果表明:不同浓度的Cu_(2)O-NPs降低了小麦幼苗的根芽长度、鲜重、根活性和根冠比,增加了初生根的数量;随着Cu_(2)O-NPs浓度的升高,幼苗根伸长区缩短、根系变硬变脆、根径增加、根冠变大;100 mg·L^(-1)浓度的Cu_(2)O-NPs处理下,小麦根尖有丝分裂指数显著降低,根尖细胞形状不规则化、质壁分离、细胞出现空泡化、细胞核核膜模糊、核内染色体异常。在水培条件下,Cu_(2)O-NPs对小麦幼苗具有一定的遗传学毒性效应,从而影响小麦幼苗的生长发育和根系形态结构。马占强 许雁翀 凡贞洁 侯典云 徐秋月 2021应用生态学报2021,32,3:0
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