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| 1 | Responses of Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity to Incorporation of Straws and Straw Biochars and Their Effects on Soil Respiration and Soil Organic Carbon Turnover显示文摘Like straw, biochar incorporation can influence soil microorganisms and enzyme activities and soil carbon(C) responses;however,few studies have compared the various effects of straw and biochar and the underlying mechanisms. An experiment was performed to study the changes in soil respiration(SR) and soil organic C(SOC) fluxes in response to the incorporation of three kinds of straw(reed, smooth cordgrass, and rice) and their pyrolyzed products(biochars) at Chongming Island, China. In addition, the microbial activity and community structure of some amended soils were also analyzed to clarify the mechanisms of these responses. The results showed that all biochar incorporation(BC) induced lower SR than the corresponding unpyrolyzed straw incorporation(ST), and the average SR in the soils following BC and ST during the experimental periods was 21.69 and 65.32 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1, respectively.Furthermore, the average SOC content was 16.97 g kg-1 following BC, which was higher than that(13.71 g kg-1) following ST,indicating that compared to ST, BC was a low-C strategy, even after accounting for the C loss during biochar production. Among the BC treatments, reed-BC induced the lowest SR(17.04 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1), whereas smooth cordgrass-BC induced the highest SR(27.02 μmol CO2 m^-2s^-1). Furthermore, in contrast with ST, BC significantly increased the abundance of some bacteria with poorer mineralization or better humification ability, which led to lower SR. The lower easily oxidizable C(EOC) and higher total C contents of biochars induced lower SR and higher SOC in the soil following BC compared to that following ST. Among the BC treatments,the higher total nitrogen content of rice biochar led to significantly higher soil microbial biomass, and the lower EOC content of reed biochar led to lower soil microbial activity and SR. | TIAN Xiaoping WANG Lei HOU Yahong WANG Han TSANG Yiu Fai WU Jihua | 2019 | Pedosphere2019，29，4： | 7 |
| 2 | 环境因素对湿地土壤微生物群落影响研究进展显示文摘湿地生态系统具有水陆过渡带的重要特征,在养分循环、能量流动、环境净化、维持生态平衡等方面有着重要的生态环境功能。土壤微生物是湿地生态系统的重要组成部分,对于深入探讨湿地生态系统结构和功能具有非常重要的作用。总结了湿地生态系统土壤微生物组成与多样性的相关研究,综述了植被、盐度、水分、污染物等环境因素对微生物的影响,并对其未来的研究方向进行展望,提出加强分子生物学技术在湿地土壤微生物领域的应用、扩大环境因素的研究范围、采用多因素综合分析方法的研究方向。 | 王金爽 胡泓 李甜甜 李正炎 吕向梨 | 2015 | 湿地科学与管理2015，11，4： | 4 |
| 3 | 辽河口芦苇湿地细菌和古菌群落周期日变化特征显示文摘采用实时荧光定量PCR和Illumina高通量测序技术对秋季辽河口芦苇湿地水体中一昼夜细菌和古菌群落特征进行了研究.测序共获得52802条细菌和106091条古菌高质量序列,以97%的相似性聚类并抽平后共划分了530和979个OTU.结果表明,湿地水体中浮游细菌和古菌群落丰度均在早上达到最高值,夜晚达到最低值.细菌和古菌群落多样性指数均存在周期日变化,不同时间细菌和古菌群落结构和组成具有显著差异.此外,古菌群落组成特征表明辽河口芦苇湿地具有较高的潜在甲烷生成能力.本研究为进一步认识河口湿地细菌和古菌群落特征和功能奠定了基础. | 李明月 米铁柱 甄毓 王勋功 | 2019 | 中国环境科学2019，39，2： | 1 |
| 4 | 荒漠草原盐沼湿地苦豆子土壤细菌群落构建机制及其影响因素显示文摘【背景】荒漠草原盐沼湿地是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,土壤水分和盐分变化是影响该生态系统土壤细菌群落构建的重要因素。【目的】土壤细菌群落构建是由确定性和随机性主导的连续生态过程,阐明荒漠草原盐沼湿地土壤细菌群落的构建机制对于加深微生物作为关键生态系统因子重要性的理解具有积极意义。【方法】以宁夏中部典型荒漠草原盐沼苦水湖湿地为研究对象,对近湖边(near the lake,NL)和远离湖边(far from the lake,FL)苦豆子群落土壤理化特性进行测定并结合土壤细菌高通量测序分析。【结果】NL和FL样地具有明显的水盐梯度变化,NL样地土壤pH、含水量和电导率均显著高于FL样地;变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和黏菌门是研究区域土壤细菌群落的优势菌门,变形菌门相对丰度随水盐梯度上升而升高,放线菌门和厚壁菌门相对丰度则随之下降,门下成员大多与水盐变化具有明显的相关性;此外,FL样地土壤细菌网络则具有稳定的网络关系;随着NL样地向FL样地的延伸,土壤细菌群落由随机过程主导,并且受pH、电导率和环境变量的影响。【结论】荒漠草原盐沼湿地水分和盐分的变化改变了土壤细菌群落结构;土壤细菌群落通过生态位占据等策略提高逆境下的生存能力;细菌群落构建是随机过程和确定性过程组成的连续统一体,同样受环境变化的影响。本结果揭示了荒漠草原盐沼湿地细菌群落结构和相互关系对环境变化的响应特征,同时阐明了该区土壤细菌群落的构建机制及影响因素,也为相关科学研究提供了一定理论参考。 | 文婧荣 潘雅清 康鹏 张亚琪 胡金鹏 雷茜 | 2024 | 微生物学通报2024，51，1： | 0 |
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