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| 1 | Transcriptional repression by androgen receptor: roles in castration-resistant prostate cancer显示文摘Androgen receptor (AR), a hormonal transcription factor, plays important roles during prostate cancer progression and is a key target for therapeutic interventions. While androgen-deprivation therapies are initially successful in regressing prostate tumors, the disease ultimately comes back as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or at the late stage as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). CRPC remains largely dependent on hyperactive AR signaling in the milieu of low androgen, while NEPC is negative of AR expression but positive of many AR-repressed genes. Recent technological advances in genome-wide analysis of transcription factor binding sites have revealed an unprecedented set of AR target genes. In addition to its well-known function in activating gene expression, AR is increasingly known to also act as a transcriptional repressor. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which AR represses gene expression. We also summarize AR-repressed genes that are aberrantly upregulated in CRPC and NEPC and represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention. | Galina Gritsina Wei-Qiang Gao Jindan Yu | 2019 | Asian Journal of Andrology2019，21，3： | 4 |
| 2 | Utility of cell-free nucleic acid and circulating tumor cell analyses in prostate cancer显示文摘 | Theodore Gourdin Guru Sonpavde | 2018 | Asian Journal of Andrology2018，20，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Targeting androgen receptor-independent pathways in therapy-resistant prostate cancer显示文摘Since androgen receptor(AR)signaling is critically required for the development of prostate cancer(PCa),targeting AR axis has been the standard treatment of choice for advanced and metastatic PCa.Unfortunately,although the tumor initially responds to the therapy,treatment resistance eventually develops and the disease will progress.It is therefore imperative to identify the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance and novel molecular targets that are independent of AR signaling.Recent advances in pathology,molecular biology,genetics and genomics research have revealed novel AR-independent pathways that contribute to PCa carcinogenesis and progression.They include neuroendocrine differentiation,cell metabolism,DNA damage repair pathways and immune-mediated mechanisms.The development of novel agents targeting the non-AR mechanisms holds great promise to treat PCa that does not respond to AR-targeted therapies. | Lingfan Xu Junyi Chen Weipeng Liu Chaozhao Liang Hailiang Hu Jiaoti Huang | 2019 | Asian Journal of Urology2019，6，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Applications of circulating tumor cells for prostate cancer显示文摘One of the major challenges that clinicians face is in the difficulties of accurately monitoring disease progression.Prostate cancer is among these diseases and greatly affects the health of men globally.Circulating tumor cells(CTCs)are a rare population of cancer cells that have shed from the primary tumor and entered the peripheral circulation.Not until recently,clinical applications of CTCs have been limited to using enumeration as a prognostic tool in Oncology.However,advances in emerging CTC technologies point toward new applications that could revolutionize the field of prostate cancer.It is now possible to study CTCs as components of a liquid biopsy based on morphological phenotypes,biochemical analyses,and genomic profiling.These advances allow us to gain insight into the heterogeneity and dynamics of cancer biology and to further study the mechanisms behind the evolution of therapeutic resistance.These recent developments utilizing CTCs for clinical applications will greatly impact the future of prostate cancer research and pave the way towards personalized care for men. | Shirley Cheng Jie-Fu Chen Yi-Tsung Lu Leland W.K.Chung Hsian-Rong Tseng Edwin M.Posadas | 2016 | Asian Journal of Urology2016，3，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Potential therapeutic effect of epigenetic therapy on Ireatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer显示文摘 | Xiang Xu Yu-Hua Huang Yan-Jing Li Alexa Cohen Zhen Li Jill Squires Wei Zhang Xu-Feng Chen Min Zhang Jiao-Ti Huang | 2017 | Asian Journal of Andrology2017，19，6： | 1 |
| 6 | MicroRNAs in treatment-induced neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer显示文摘Prostate cancer is a condition commonly associated with men worldwide.Androgen deprivation therapy remains one of the targeted therapies.However,after some years,there is biochemical recurrence and metastatic progression into castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).CRPC cases are treated with second-line androgen deprivation therapy,after which,these CRPCs transdifferentiate to form neuroendocrine prostate cancer(NEPC),a highly aggressive variant of CRPC.NEPC arises via a reversible transdifferentiation process,known as neuroendocrine differentiation(NED),which is associated with altered expression of lineage markers such as decreased expression of androgen receptor and increased expression of neuroendocrine lineage markers including enolase 2,chromogranin A and synaptophysin.The etiological factors and molecular basis for NED are poorly understood,contributing to a lack of adequate molecular biomarkers for its diagnosis and therapy.Therefore,there is a need to fully understand the underlying molecular basis for this cancer.Recent studies have shown that microRNAs(miRNAs)play a key epigenetic role in driving therapy-induced NED in prostate cancer.In this review,we briefly describe the role of miRNAs in prostate cancer and CRPCs,discuss some key players in NEPCs and elaborate on miRNA dysregulation as a key epigenetic process that accompanies therapy-induced NED in metastatic CRPC.This understanding will contribute to better clinical management of the disease. | Theresa Akoto Divya Bhagirath Sharanjot Saini | 2020 | Cancer Drug Resistance2020，3，4： | 0 |
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