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| 1 | First experimental demonstration of an exact quantum search algorithm in nuclear magnetic resonance system显示文摘The success probability of searching an objective item from an unsorted database using standard Grover's algorithm is usually not exactly 1. It is exactly 1 only when it is used to find the target state from a database with four items. Exact search is always important in theoretical and practical applications. The failure rate of Grover's algorithm becomes big when the database is small, and this hinders the use of the commonly used divide-and-verify strategy. Even for large database, the failure rate becomes considerably large when there are many marked items. This has put a serious limitation on the usability of the Grover's algorithm. An important improved version of the Grover's algorithm, also known as the improved Grover algorithm, solves this problem. The improved Grover algorithm searches arbitrary number of target states from an unsorted database with full success rate. Here, we give the first experimental realization of the improved Grover algorithm, which finds a marked state with certainty, in a nuclear magnetic resonance system. The optimal control theory is used to obtain an optimized control sequence. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical predictions. | LIU Yang ZHANG FeiHao | 2015 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2015，58，7： | 2 |
| 2 | Existence and construction of simultaneous cloning machines for mixed states显示文摘It is a well-known fact that the no-cloning theorem forbids the creation of identical copies of an arbitrary unknown quantum state.In other words,there does not exist a quantum cloning machine that can clone all quantum states.However,it is possible to clone given quantum states under certain conditions,for instance,k distinct pure states|ψ1,|ψ2,...,|ψk can be cloned simultaneously if and only if they are orthogonal.This paper discusses the existence and construction of simultaneous cloning machines for mixed states.It is proved that k distinct mixed statesρ1,ρ2,...,ρkof the n-dimensional quantum system Cncan be cloned simultaneously,that is,there exists a quantum channel Φ on MnMn and a state Σ in Mn,such that Φ(ρiΣ)=ρiρi for all i,if and only ifρiρj=0(i j).Also,the constructing procedure of the desired simultaneous cloning machine is given. | GUO ZhiHua CAO HuaiXin QU ShiXian | 2015 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2015，58，4： | 0 |
| 3 | Editorial显示文摘Quantum communication and quantum computation are two major branches of quantum information.In quantum communication,principles of quantum physics provide us with the capability of on-site detection of eavesdropping(ODE).In quantum key distribution,random numbers are distributed between two remote parties.If an eavesdropper is found,then the communicated data will be discarded.If no eavesdropper is found,the transmitted data is then post-processed to a very high security level and used as keys.Quantum key distribution could not communicate secret message directly,because it cannot obliterate the information leakage before eavesdropper detection(OILBED).In quantum secure direct communication,not only eavesdropper can be found on-site,but also the obliteration of information leakage before eavesdropper detection can be realized. | LONG GuiLu PAN JianWei | 2014 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2014，57，7： | 0 |
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