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| 1 | 论非常规油气成藏机理:油气自封闭作用与分子间作用力显示文摘非常规油气的成功开发大幅增加了全球油气资源、推动了全球油气产量增长,同时对经典石油天然气地质学理论形成了重大突破。常规油气成藏机理是以圈闭富集保存油气及浮力成藏为核心的,非常规油气则是以连续性聚集和非浮力成藏为特征。研究揭示,非常规油气成藏机理的核心是油气自封闭作用,其动力是分子间作用力。依据分子间作用力表现和相应自封闭作用,可将非常规油气成藏机制分为3类:①以大分子黏滞力和缩合力为主的稠油和沥青;②以毛管压力和分子吸附力为主的致密油气、页岩油气和煤层气;③以分子间笼合作用为主的天然气水合物。论文详细论述了5种类型非常规油气成藏自封闭作用特征、边界条件及地质实例,和分子间作用力的基本原理与数学表征。该项研究将深化对非常规油气成藏机理的理解,提升中国对非常规油气资源的预测评价能力,并有助于提高对非常规油气开发生产机理和潜在生产能力的认识。 | 贾承造 庞雄奇 宋岩 | 2021 | 石油勘探与开发2021，48，3： | 42 |
| 2 | 中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏形成分布的基本特征与动力机制及发展方向显示文摘随着油气资源对外依赖度加大,中国的油气勘探已经拓展到深层和超深层领域,并相继在中西部盆地发现了塔河、普光、安岳、靖边、顺北等一批大型油气田,展示出广阔的勘探前景。中国已探明的深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏特征与全球的有很大差异,经典的油气地质理论指导这类油气田勘探遇到了前所未有的重大挑战,需要完善和发展。通过调研和比较全球已探明的碳酸盐岩和砂岩油气藏地质特征,发现它们的油气来源条件、油气藏形成条件、成藏动力、演化过程特征等类同;同时,发现碳酸盐岩和砂岩油气藏的矿物组成、孔隙度和渗透率随埋深变化特征、孔渗结构特征、储层物性下限、油气藏类型等有着很大不同。中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏与全球的相比较具有五方面差异:地层年代更老、埋藏深度更大、白云岩储层比率更大、天然气资源比率更高、储层孔渗关系更乱。中国已经发现的深层碳酸盐岩油气藏成因类型可以归为五种:沉积型高孔高渗油气藏、压实成岩型低孔低渗油气藏、结晶成岩型低孔低渗油气藏、流体改造型高孔低渗油气藏、应力改造型低孔高渗油气藏;它们形成的动力学机制分别与地层沉积和浮力主导的油气运移作用、地层压实和非浮力主导的油气运移作用、成岩结晶和非浮力主导的油气运移作用、流体改造介质和浮力主导的油气运移作用、应力改造和浮力主导的油气运移作用等密切相关。中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏勘探发展的有利领域和油气藏类型主要有三个:一是低热流盆地浮力成藏下限之上自由动力场形成的高孔高渗常规油气藏;二是构造变动频繁的叠合盆地内外应力和内部流体活动改造而形成的缝洞复合型油气藏;三是构造稳定盆地内局限动力场形成的广泛致密连续型非常规油气藏。改造类非常规致密碳酸盐岩油气藏是中国含油气盆地深层和超深层油气资源的主要类型:它们叠加了早期形成的常规油气藏特征,又具有自身广泛连续分布的非常规特征,还经受了后期构造变动的改造;复杂的分布特征,致密的介质条件和高温高压环境使得这类油气资源勘探开发难度大、成本高。 | 庞雄奇 林会喜 郑定业 李慧莉 邹华耀 庞宏 胡涛 国芳馨 李宏雨 | 2020 | 地质力学学报2020，26，5： | 21 |
| 3 | 相—势—源复合控油气成藏机制物理模拟实验研究显示文摘含油气盆地的地质相、流体势、烃源灶是影响圈闭含油气性的决定性因素,三者缺一不可。在各要素满足控藏临界条件下,优相—低势—近源复合指数(FPSI)越高,圈闭含油气性越好。基于相—势—源复合控油气成藏机制开展物理模拟实验研究,结果表明:'源'控制着油气成藏的物质来源,'相'控制着油气成藏的孔隙空间、'势'控制着油气成藏的运移动力,当三者联合作用时能够形成油气藏。实验结果还表明,圈闭外部(盖层)岩相和圈闭内部(储集层)岩相粒径差别越大,越有利于油气在毛细管力作用下从细粒低孔渗的围岩之中进入到粗粒高孔渗的储集层之内聚集成藏,临界条件是:圈闭外部围岩颗粒粒径较圈闭内部储集层颗粒粒径小2倍以上,或外部毛细管力较之内部大2倍以上,也即外部界面势能较内部高2倍以上;圈闭外部烃源岩含油气饱和度越高,越有利油气进入圈闭内部储集层中聚集成藏,临界条件是外部源岩的含油气饱和度达到和超过5%。 | 庞雄奇 陈冬霞 张俊 郭继刚 郭丰涛 | 2013 | 古地理学报2013，15，5： | 20 |
| 4 | 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发历程与启示显示文摘鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层埋深变化较大,不同埋深的煤层气成藏特征及储层改造方式差别较大。目前煤层气勘探开发深度逐渐从1 000 m以浅延伸到2 000 m以深,为了研究不同埋深条件下煤层气资源高效勘探开发理论技术,系统梳理回顾了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘近30年的勘探开发实践,按照地质认识转变、技术发展、勘探工作量、勘探成果和产气量变化,将鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发历程分为3个阶段:浅层煤层气勘探阶段,在“浅层富煤区构造高点富集”理论指导下,寻找“煤层埋深小于800 m、煤层厚度大、高含气量、构造高点”目标,发现韩城WL1井区气田;浅–中深层煤层气规模勘探阶段,以“水动力控气–构造调整–缓坡单斜”成藏理论指导,优选“埋深小于1 500 m、水动力封闭条件好、煤层厚度大、高含气量、缓坡单斜及正向构造”甜点,发现保德、临汾煤层气田,转变储层改造理念,实现韩城构造煤有效增产改造;深层煤层气勘探突破阶段,提出“温压控气、高饱和”成藏模式,指导2 000 m以深煤层气的勘探突破。在此基础上,重点剖析了典型区块的煤层气赋存、富集特征和目标方向,总结了鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发获得的3点启示:保存条件是保德区块浅层煤层气富集成藏的重要因素;3类顶板间接压裂射孔模式支撑了韩城构造煤增产改造;“地质–工程”甜点评价助推了大宁-吉县深层煤层气勘探突破。 | 杨秀春 徐凤银 王虹雅 李曙光 林文姬 王伟 郝帅 | 2022 | 煤田地质与勘探2022，50，3： | 14 |
| 5 | 利用团簇同位素恢复沉积盆地热历史的探索显示文摘海相碳酸盐岩层系由于缺乏有效的古温标,其热历史的恢复一直是困扰地球科学界的难题.碳酸盐团簇同位素(clumped isotope)作为一种新兴的古温标,在碳酸盐岩地层热历史研究中展现出了巨大的潜力.本文选取了塔里木盆地与四川盆地多口钻井受后期成岩作用影响较弱的碳酸盐岩样品进行团簇同位素古温标(Δ47)测试与分析,探讨了不同岩性的深层自然演化碳酸盐岩样品Δ47温度的意义、方解石团簇同位素^(13)C-^(18)O键固态重排规律以及沉积盆地热历史对不同岩性的团簇同位素的影响.塔里木盆地顺托果勒-卡塔克地区碳酸盐Δ47为0.443‰~0.634‰,计算团簇同位素温度为49.9~201.7℃,川中古隆起碳酸盐Δ47为0.423‰~0.537‰,计算团簇同位素温度为105.7~233.5℃.测得的团簇同位素温度远高于可能的成岩温度,表明上述研究区自然样品的碳酸盐团簇同位素受到了后期埋藏升温作用的影响,可能发生了^(13)C-^(18)O键的固态重排.根据塔里木盆地顺托果勒-卡塔克地区团簇同位素温度与钻孔温度关系推测自然样品方解石团簇同位素^(13)C-^(18)O键固态重排的'封闭温度'不高于120℃,热力学'平衡温度'不低于160℃,与国外实验室条件下得到的结果相一致.综合分析认为一阶近似模型能够较为准确地描述盆地热历史对方解石^(13)C-^(18)O键固态重排的影响;而盆地热历史对白云石团簇同位素影响的热演化模型还需要进一步研究. | 徐秋晨 邱楠生 刘雯 常青 | 2019 | 科学通报2019，64，5： | 13 |
| 6 | A unified model for the formation and distribution of both conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs显示文摘The discovery and large-scale exploration of unconventional oil/gas resources since 1980s have been considered as the most important advancement in the history of petroleum geology;that has not only changed the balance of supply and demand in the global energy market,but also improved our understanding of the formation mechanisms and distribution characteristics of oil/gas reservoirs.However,what is the difference of conventional and unconventional resources and why they always related to each other in petroliferous basins is not clear.As the differences and correlations between unconventional and conventional resources are complex challenging issues and very critical for resources assessment and hydrocarbon exploration,this paper focused on studying the relationship of formations and distributions among different oil/gas reservoirs.Drilling results of 12,237 exploratory wells in 6 representative petroliferous basins of China and distribution characteristics for 52,926 oil/gas accumulations over the world were applied to clarify the formation conditions and genetic relations of different oil/gas reservoirs in a petroliferous basin,and then to establish a unified model to address the differences and correlations of conventional and unconventional reservoirs.In this model,conventional reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field with high porosity and permeability located above the boundary of hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit.Unconventional tight reservoirs formed in confined hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and permeability located between hydrocarbon buoyancy-driven accumulation depth limit and hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit.Shale oil/gas reservoirs formed in the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field with low porosity and ultra-low permeability within the source rock layers.More than 75%of proved reserves around the world are discovered in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field,which is estimated to contain only 10%of originally generated hydrocarbons.Most of undiscovered resources distributed in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field and the bound hydrocarbon dynamic field,which contains 90%of original generated hydrocarbons,implying a reasonable and promising area for future hydrocarbon explorations.The buried depths of hydrocarbon dynamic fields become shallow with the increase of heat flow,and the remaining oil/gas resources mainly exist in the deep area of“cold basin”with low geothermal gradient.Lithology changing in the hydrocarbon dynamic field causes local anomalies in the oil/gas dynamic mechanism,leading to the local formation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in the free hydrocarbon dynamic field or the occurrence of oil/gas enrichment sweet points with high porosity and permeability in the confined hydrocarbon dynamic field.The tectonic movements destroy the medium conditions and oil/gas components,which leads to the transformation of conventional oil/gas reservoirs formed in free hydrocarbon dynamic field to unconventional ones or unconventional ones formed in confined and bound hydrocarbon dynamic fields to conventional ones. | Xiongqi Pang Chengzao Jia Junqing Chen Maowen Li Wenyang Wang Qinhong Hu Yingchun Guo Zhangxin Chen Junwen Peng Keyu Liu Keliu Wu | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，2： | 8 |
| 7 | 深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏地质特征、形成条件及成藏模式——以墨西哥湾盆地为例显示文摘深层与超深层作为当前墨西哥湾盆地油气勘探的热点领域,具有巨大的油气资源潜力,分析深层—超深层油气藏的地质特征、形成条件及其成藏模式对于明确深层—超深层油气藏的分布规律具有重要意义。与中层—浅层相比,墨西哥湾盆地深层—超深层具有较低的地温梯度和较高的压力梯度,发育大量高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏。不均衡压实成因型超压是深部高孔高渗碎屑岩储层形成和油气富集的主要原因,其与浮力共同构成深部油气运移的主要动力。盆地北部和南部的沿海平原、陆架和陆坡发育区域性厚层状盐岩层。盐岩变形诱导邻近地层发育一系列断层、形成多种构造圈闭,为深层—超深层油气提供了极好的运移通道和聚集场所。墨西哥湾盆地深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气成藏与不均衡压实型超压和区域性厚层状盐岩发育密切相关,表现为'高压驱动、高孔高渗聚集、高点赋存和高位封盖'的成藏模式。被动大陆边缘盆地盐下探区是深层—超深层高孔高渗碎屑岩油气藏的有利发育区和勘探热点区。 | 张兴文 庞雄奇 李才俊 于吉旺 汪文洋 肖惠译 李昌荣 余季陶 | 2021 | 石油学报2021，42，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Quantitative Analysis Model and Application of the Hydrocarbon Distribution Threshold显示文摘烃来源岩石显然控制烃水库的形成和分发。基于来源控制理论的地质的概念,烃分发阀值的概念被提出。这为岩石调节在烃盆移居的来源控制的烃意味着最大的范围。三个定量分析模型在这个基础上被建议,也就是烃累积概率,最大的烃规模阀值和储备分发概率,分别地指形成一座烃水库的概率,烃水库和在在烃分发阀值以内的某个区域的储备分发的百分比的可能的最大的规模。539 座烃水库上的统计分析从七沉积的盆在 28 个烃来源厨房里发现了并且最大的水库规模可能在烃盆,烃累积概率和油和煤气的储备分发形成了的东方中国表演下垂概率都被烃来源岩石的特征控制。通常,当从烃的距离采购原料,摇中心和烃分泌物边界变得更长并且来源岩石中心得到的烃的烃分泌物紧张更小,将有烃累积的更低的概率。相应量的模型基于单个因素统计和 multivariate 分析被建立。在 Jiyang 消沉的实际申请证明从为烃分发阀值的定量分析模型的预言与实际探索结果同意很好,显示定量分析模型是可能的是一个可行工具。 | JIANG Fujie PANG Xiongqi GUO Jigang | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，1： | 6 |
| 9 | 含油气盆地深层有效砂岩储层判别与定量评价——以塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层为例显示文摘通过油气聚集动力分析和物理模拟实验,揭示库车坳陷深部储层油气富集机制与临界条件,并建立有效储层判别标准与评价方法。研究表明,围岩介质毛细管力与砂岩储层毛细管力比值的大小决定储层含油气性,比值越大越有利于油气聚集,依据毛细管力比值交汇图版来判别有效储层并评价储层质量;围岩与砂岩储层毛细管力比值越大,储层质量越好;有效砂岩储层临界条件下的毛细管力比值随埋深增加表现出逐渐增大的趋势。库车坳陷深部储层有效储层级别与储层含油(气)饱和度具有明显正相关性;深层砂岩储层以Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级储层和非有效储层为主,有少量Ⅰ级储层。 | 姜航 庞雄奇 陈冬霞 陈迪 | 2015 | 石油学报2015，36，S2： | 6 |
| 10 | Analysis of petrophysical cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity and with accumulation capacity in clastic reservoirs显示文摘Methodologies have been developed for calculating cutoffs of reservoir intervals with production capacity(RIPC) and reservoir intervals with accumulation capacity(RIAC) according to the types of pore throat structures and dynamic force by using data from petrophysical analysis, production tests and mercury injection. The data are from clastic reservoirs in the third member(Es3) and the fourth member(Es4) of the Shahejie Formation in the Shengtuo area on the North Slope of the Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression, China. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIPC is summarized as follows: 1) determination of permeability cutoffs of RIPC; 2) classification of types of pore-throat structures according to mercury injection data and then relating porosity to permeability and determining the relationship between porosity and permeability according to each type of pore-throat structure; and 3) calculating porosity cutoffs of RIPC using established correlation between porosity and permeability according to the type of pore throat structure. The method of calculating cutoffs of RIAC includes: 1) establishing a functional relationship between oil-water interfacial tension and formation temperature; 2) calculating limiting values of maximum connected pore-throat radii according to formation temperature and dynamic forces of each reservoir interval; 3) correlating permeability with maximum connected pore-throat radius and then obtaining permeability cutoffs of RIAC; and 4) calculating porosity cutoffs on the basis of permeability cutoffs according to specific correlations, suitable for the type of porethroat structure. The results of this study show that porosity and permeability cutoffs of clastic reservoirs decrease with depth. For a fixed permeability cutoff, the porosity cutoff of RIPC varies because the type of pore throat is different. At a fixed temperature, porosity and permeability cutoffs of RIAC decrease as dynamic force increases. For a fixed permeability cutoff of effective hydrocarbon accumulation, the porosity cutoff also varies with different types of pore throat. | Wang Yanzhong Cao Yingchang Song Guoqi Song Ling Yang Tian Zhang Shaomin | 2014 | Petroleum Science2014，11，2： | 4 |
| 11 | Geochemistry and Origin of Layers in Single Manganese Nodule from the Philippine Sea and Manganese Nodules from Offshore Minami-Torishima, Western Pacific显示文摘从一个锰小瘤的层从菲律宾的海挖出(16 °56′N, 129 °48′E;水深度, 5700 m ) 并且 45 个体积小瘤从近海 Minami-Torishima 岛,日本(23 °3′N, 153 °22′E;水深度, 1200 m ) 化学上被分析,他们的起源基于 geochemical 限制被讨论。一般来说,, Cu, Ni, Zn 和瞬间趋于与增加 Mn 内容增加元素(REE ) 少些显示出的公司, Pb, Ba, V, Sc, Th,和稀土元素有增加 Mn 内容的变化。来自菲律宾的海的小瘤 42H 有平均 Mn/Fe 比率结束到 1 并且显示出一个积极 Ce 异例,建议占优势的氢的起源。230 Th 前 和 230 Th 前 /232 在小瘤 42H 的外部 ∼0.3 公里的 Th 比率显示 ∼1.7 mm/Myr 的稳定的生长率。小瘤 E30 从近海 Minami-Torishima 被更低的 Mn, Fe, Mn/Fe (0.53 ) 和 Mo/V (0.2 ) 比率描绘但是更高的 P 和 Cu/Ni (0.31 ) 相对来自那个区域的另外的小瘤的比率。E30 的 Ce 内容是不平常地低的(82 ppm ) 什么时候与来自区域和它的另外的小瘤相比是唯一的小瘤,与一个否定 Ce 异例(−0.64 ) 分析了。把那个大多数基于我们建议的 geochemical 数据小瘤从近海除了 E30, Minami-Torishima 主要具有氢的起源,它被热水的输入,和 E45 统治,它关于 35% 热水的贡献有。 | YAO Yungchang CHEN Juchin HUH Chihan LEE Yungtan | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，6： | 2 |
| 12 | The mechanism of unconventional hydrocarbon formation: Hydrocarbon self-sealing and intermolecular forces显示文摘The successful development of unconventional hydrocarbons has significantly increased global hydrocarbon resources, promoted the growth of global hydrocarbon production and made a great breakthrough in classical oil and gas geology. The core mechanism of conventional hydrocarbon accumulation is the preservation of hydrocarbons by trap enrichment and buoyancy, while unconventional hydrocarbons are characterized by continuous accumulation and non-buoyancy accumulation. It is revealed that the key of formation mechanism of the unconventional reservoirs is the self-sealing of hydrocarbons driven by intermolecular forces. Based on the behavior of intermolecular forces and the corresponding self-sealing, the formation mechanisms of unconventional oil and gas can be classified into three categories:(1) thick oil and bitumen, which are dominated by large molecular viscous force and condensation force;(2) tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas and coal-bed methane, which are dominated by capillary forces and molecular adsorption;and(3) gas hydrate, which is dominated by intermolecular clathration. This study discusses in detail the characteristics, boundary conditions and geological examples of self-sealing of the five types of unconventional resources, and the basic principles and mathematical characterization of intermolecular forces. This research will deepen the understanding of formation mechanisms of unconventional hydrocarbons, improve the ability to predict and evaluate unconventional oil and gas resources, and promote the development and production techniques and potential production capacity of unconventional oil and gas. | JIA Chengzao PANG Xiongqi SONG Yan | 2021 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2021，48，3： | 0 |
| 13 | 惠州凹陷流体动力场研究方法及应用显示文摘惠州凹陷深层非常规致密油气藏分布规律不清、顶底界限不明,严重影响勘探开发进程,针对该问题,以测井、试油、高压压汞等资料为基础,综合采用储层物性统计分析和实例剖析法确定研究区浮力成藏下限,采用最小流动孔喉半径法和储层内外势差法确定油气成藏底限,对惠州凹陷自由流体动力场和局限流体动力场进行划分,明确非常规油气藏分布界限。研究结果表明:惠州凹陷浮力成藏下限为3500~4000 m,对应孔隙度为8.50%,渗透率为1.00 mD;油气成藏底限临界孔喉半径为0.0325μm,临界孔隙度为1.72%~2.00%,对应的深度底限为6000~6500 m。研究结果为惠州凹陷开拓新的油气勘探领域,寻找新的油气勘探目标和接替资源指明了方向。 | 游婷婷 庞雄奇 李洪博 袁武 胡涛 于飒 施砍园 蔡哲 | 2023 | 特种油气藏2023，30，2： | 0 |
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