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| 1 | Cryospheric Science: research framework and disciplinary system显示文摘Cryospheric changes and their impacts have received increasing concern, extending the research to include the interactions between earth spheres and the impacts of and social adaptation to cryospheric changes. As a result, Cryospheric Science is rapidly developing. However, the research framework of Cryospheric Science has not completely been set up, and the intension and extension of Cryospheric Science are unclear.Following a literature review, the research framework for Cryospheric Science and the discipline components are analysed in this paper. We consider that Cryospheric Science is an inevitable product of international research on the earth and environmental changes as well as on human sustainable development. It will not only strengthen the linkage between the cryosphere and other earth spheres by deepening traditional research areas, but will also bring more focus on the critical roles of the cryosphere in interactions between earth spheres, and will enhance the relationship between cryospheric change and climate, ecology, hydrology, surface environment and sustainable development. The disciplinary tree of Cryospheric Science is developed following the mainstream of change-impacts adaptation. The disciplines of Cryospheric Science were teased out against characteristics of traditional branches and the developing interdisciplinary branches of cryosphere elements, which will provide reference to Cryospheric Science as it systematically grows to maturity. | Dahe Qin Yongjian Ding Cunde Xiao Shichang Kang Jianwen Ren Jianping Yang Shiqiang Zhang | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，2： | 42 |
| 2 | 黑河流域年冻融指数及其时空变化特征分析显示文摘利用黑河流域气象站点的逐日平均温度数据计算空气及地表冻融指数,并分析其变化趋势以及空间分布。结果表明,黑河流域空气冻结指数、空气融化指数、地表冻结指数和地表融化指数变化范围依次为:673-2135℃·d,1028-4177℃·d,682-1702℃·d,1956-5278℃·d;黑河流域冻结指数出现明显的下降趋势,其中空气冻结指数(1951—2007年)下降速率为56.0℃·d/10a,地表冻结指数(1954—2005年)下降速率为35.4℃·d/10a;融化指数表现为上升,其中空气融化指数(1951—2008年)整体以每年47.8℃·d/10a的速率上升,地表融化指数在1954—1975年以135.9℃·d/10a的速率下降,在1976—2006年以185.3℃·d/10a的速率上升;黑河流域各站点冻结指数受海拔及纬度双重影响,而融化指数则主要受海拔影响;年平均气温与冻融指数有非常强的线性关系。 | 曹斌 张廷军 彭小清 郑雷 牟翠翠 王庆峰 | 2015 | 地球科学进展2015，30，3： | 27 |
| 3 | 面向可持续发展的冰冻圈科学显示文摘21世纪以来,在全球气候变暖的大背景下,冰冻圈科学发展快速。在梳理国际冰冻圈相关研究态势、分析中国相关研究动向的基础上,总结了'冰冻圈科学'发展的历程并简要介绍了冰冻圈科学的基本框架。研究指出,自20世纪70年代冰冻圈概念正式提出以来,国际社会以推出气候与冰冻圈(WCRP-CliC)计划和成立国际冰冻圈科学协会(IACS)为标志,并在深化冰冻圈自身机理、过程认识的同时,更加关注与其他圈层之间相互作用中的冰冻圈效应,表明冰冻圈研究趋向变化-影响-适应这一主线发展,在一定程度显现出了'冰冻圈科学'的核心特征。中国冰冻圈研究近20年、尤其是近10年发展迅猛,沿着冰冻圈科学的主体思路,在冰冻圈变化,冰冻圈变化对生态、水文、气候、地表环境以及社会经济的影响等方面取得了系统性成果,对冰冻圈科学的内涵和外延有了系统的认识。在分析国际冰冻圈科学孕育和发展背景和简要总结中国冰冻圈研究近况基础上,对冰冻圈科学学科框架体系从科学内涵和外延、研究构架和学科组成等方面进行了论述,冰冻圈科学已经成为一门涉及广泛、过程机理研究与可持续发展密切关联的全新学科。 | 秦大河 姚檀栋 丁永建 任贾文 | 2020 | 冰川冻土2020，42，1： | 18 |
| 4 | 冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性与适应研究体系显示文摘冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性与适应研究是以探索冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性概念为前提和基础,以冰冻圈变化的自然影响为链接点,以社会经济影响研究为突破,以脆弱性研究为桥梁与纽带,以应对与适应冰冻圈变化影响、风险为目的的冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向。探讨了冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性概念,并以影响—脆弱性—适应为主线,针对冰冻圈变化的社会经济影响研究、脆弱性研究、适应研究内容及其关键科学问题、脆弱性评估模型、尺度问题进行了较为详细的阐述,初步搭建了中国冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性与适应研究体系。基于冰冻圈要素的多样性、变化影响的复杂性与显著的区域差异性,从2个梯度勾绘了冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性与适应研究格局与空间布局。中国冰冻圈及其变化的脆弱性与适应研究除深化冰冻圈变化的影响与脆弱性研究之外,应加强不同利益相关者协同设计、共同参与的冰冻圈变化适应应用研究,并关注冰冻圈灾害风险、渐变风险研究。 | 杨建平 丁永建 方一平 秦大河 | 2015 | 地球科学进展2015，30，5： | 17 |
| 5 | 内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区冷暖季节气候变化趋势分析显示文摘利用内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区8个站点近30 a的日气温数据分析了该地区年冻融指数变化趋势.结果表明:该生态功能区融化指数呈显著上升趋势,冻结指数波动变化但不显著;年>0℃天数呈增加趋势,<0℃天数则减少,都未达到显著水平;暖季日平均融化指数显著上升,冷季日平均冻结指数也呈增加趋势,其中2站点达显著水平,表明该地区暖季越暖,冷季亦变冷,气候呈两极化趋势;>0℃生长季初日全部提前,其中62.5%的站点达到显著水平,多数站点生长季推后,但只有1个站点达到显著水平,表明生长季延长初日提前贡献较大. | 代海燕 陈素华 武艳娟 李丹 朝鲁门 | 2016 | 冰川冻土2016，38，3： | 10 |
| 6 | 中国天山冰川变化脆弱性研究显示文摘冰川是重要的淡水资源,对社会经济发展和生态环境影响显著,而其变化的脆弱性也关乎区域生态服务和经济可持续发展。本文以中国天山为例,基于脆弱性的暴露度、敏感性、适应能力构建涵盖自然地理特征、人口状况、社会经济水平、农业发展和社会服务等因素的冰川变化脆弱性框架,并以此针对性构建评价指标体系,探析天山冰川变化脆弱性的空间特征,采用地理探测器模型探讨自然、社会、经济和人口等因素对冰川变化适应能力的影响及交互作用。结果表明:(1)脆弱性等级由西部地区向东部地区呈降低趋势,且水平差异显著。天山东部地区脆弱性最低、中部地区次之、西部地区较高。(2)暴露度、敏感性和适应能力在空间上分别存在明显正相关与负相关,表明区域范围内冰川变化具有高暴露、高敏感地区往往适应能力较低,进而导致脆弱性较高;反之,脆弱性较低。(3)天山应对冰川变化能力的空间异质性是自然、社会、经济和人口因素共同作用的结果。其中,第二、三产业产值、城镇人口数、城镇固定资产投资与年末单位从业人员等因素具有主导作用。 | 蔡兴冉 李忠勤 张慧 徐春海 | 2021 | 地理学报2021，76，9： | 7 |
| 7 | Effect of a thermokarst lake on soil physical properties and infiltration processes in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China显示文摘Changes in the hydrological processes in alpine soil constitute one of the several key problems encountered with studying watershed hydrology and ecosystem stability against the background of global warming. A typically developing thermokarst lake was chosen as a subject for a study using model simulation based on observations of soil physical properties, infiltration processes, and soil moisture. The results showed that the selected thermokarst lake imposed certain changes on the soil infiltration processes and, with the degree of impact intensifying, the initial infiltration rate decreased. The greatest reduction was achieved in the area of moderate impact. However, the stable infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration gradually increased in the surface layer at a depth of 10 and 20 cm, both decreasing initially and then increasing, which is correlated significantly with soil textures. Moreover, the cumulative infiltration changed in line with steady infiltration rate. Based on a comparative analysis, the Horton model helps better understand the effect on the soil infiltration processes of the cold alpine meadow close to the chosen thermokarst lake. In conclusion, the formation of the thermokarst lake reduced the water holding capacity of the alpine meadow soil and caused the hydraulic conductivity to increase, resulting in the reduction of runoff capacity in the area of the thermokarst lake. | WANG YiBo GAO ZeYong WEN Jing LIU GuoHua GENG Di LI XiaoBing | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，10： | 7 |
| 8 | 青藏高原多年冻土区热融湖塘对土壤物理特性及入渗过程的影响显示文摘全球变暖背景下高寒土壤水文过程的变化是流域水文学及生态系统稳定性研究的关键问题之一,以多年冻土区典型发育的热融湖塘为研究对象,基于土壤物理特性、入渗过程及土壤水分等的观测,并进行模型模拟.结果表明:热融湖塘改变了土壤的入渗过程,随着其影响程度的加剧,初始入渗速率降低,且在中度影响迹地降低幅度最大;稳定入渗速率与累积入渗量在表层逐渐增加,10与20 cm深度处均为先减小后增加,与土壤质地显著相关,且累积入渗量受制于稳定入渗速率变化;通过对比分析,Hoton模型更适用于热融湖塘影响迹地高寒草甸土壤水分入渗过程的研究.总之,热融湖塘的形成降低了高寒草甸土壤的持水能力,使其导水性增强,导致热融湖塘分布区域的产流能力降低. | 王一博 高泽永 文晶 刘国华 耿迪 李小兵 | 2014 | 中国科学:地球科学2014，44，10： | 6 |
| 9 | 冰冻圈变化的适应框架与战略体系显示文摘冰冻圈变化的适应研究是冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向,是当今全球变化研究中自然科学与社会科学交叉融合研究的典型代表。文章阐述了冰冻圈变化适应研究的内容框架,分析了目前国际冰冻圈变化适应研究的现状、动态与发展趋势。在此基础上,从理论探索与实践研究两方面,详细介绍了中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究。在理论与方法研究方面,中国冰冻圈变化适应研究2007年起步至今,已建立了由冰冻圈变化影响(冰冻圈服务和冰冻圈灾害)-风险-恢复力-适应构成的中国冰冻圈变化适应研究理论与方法体系;在实践研究方面,从致利与致害两条线,开展了冰冻圈服务与冰冻圈灾害风险研究;从冰冻圈与人类圈交互视角,开展了冰冻圈变化的脆弱性、恢复力与适应典型案例研究。未来,一方面需进一步完善和深化现有理论体系,尤其是冰冻圈与人类圈相耦合的灾害风险、脆弱性与适应定量评估方法;另一方面,既要针对不同冰冻圈问题,加强案例研究,又要拓展尺度,深入宏观研究,为国家和地方政府决策提供科学依据与对策建议。 | 丁永建 杨建平 方一平 王世金 | 2020 | 冰川冻土2020，42，1： | 5 |
| 10 | 气候变暖背景下内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区冷暖急转气候特征显示文摘1961-2015年内蒙古大兴安岭生态功能区气候变暖趋势明显,其气温突变年份为1987年。在气候变暖的背景下,生态功能区的严寒和寒冷日数在突变前呈减少趋势、在突变后呈增加趋势,表明突变后冬季冷天日数并没有明显减少趋势;炎热和温暖日数在突变后呈极显著增加趋势,而暖天日数突变前后变化较为平缓。综合来看,在气候变暖的背景下气温突变后高温日数增加要显著多于低温日数增加。过渡期日数变化趋势特征表明,严寒炎热过渡期、寒冷温暖过渡期和冷暖过渡期在突变后明显变短,生态功能区冷暖急转现象尤为明显。在历年尺度上,冷暖过渡期日数变化随着温度范围的扩大而减少幅度在加大。 | 代海燕 边玉明 安莉娟 都瓦拉 王晓江 李丹 | 2018 | 冰川冻土2018，40，5： | 4 |
| 11 | 中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究:进展与展望显示文摘冰冻圈变化的适应研究是冰冻圈科学领域的新兴研究方向,是当今自然科学与社会科学交叉融合跨学科集成研究的典型代表。起步于2007年的中国冰冻圈变化适应研究,经历了早期的探索,研究重点由评价脆弱性发展为量化冰冻圈变化的影响,形成以影响/风险—脆弱性—适应全链条的完善的研究体系,研究方法突破传统的指标体系赋权法的不足,初步实现了定量化,有机结合影响/风险、脆弱性、适应三方面的研究结果,使冰冻圈变化的适应措施由偏重宏观性、普适性开始转向更有针对性。未来中国冰冻圈变化的适应研究应拓展、完善和深化现有的理论体系,构建冰冻圈与社会经济耦合模型,科学量化冰冻圈全要素变化的影响,建立不同利益相关者与科学家共同参与的研究新模式,科学有效应对与适应冰冻圈变化及其影响。 | 杨建平 丁永建 方一平 | 2019 | 气候变化研究进展2019，15，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Vulnerability of mountain glaciers in China to climate change显示文摘Mountain glaciers in China are an important water source for both China and adjoining countries, and therefore their adaptation to glacier change is crucial in relation to maintaining populations. This study aims to improve our understanding of glacial vulnerability to climate change to establish adaptation strategies. A glacial numerical model is developed using spatial principle component analysis(SPCA) supported by remote sensing(RS) and geographical information system(GIS) technologies. The model contains nine factorsdslope, aspect, hillshade,elevation a.s.l., air temperature, precipitation, glacial area change percentage, glacial type and glacial area, describing topography, climate, and glacier characteristics. The vulnerability of glaciers to climate change is evaluated during the period of 1961-2007 on a regional scale, and in the 2030 s and 2050 s based on projections of air temperature and precipitation changes under the IPCC RCP6.0 scenario and of glacier change in the 21 st century. Glacial vulnerability is graded into five levels: potential, light, medial, heavy, and very heavy, using natural breaks classification(NBC). The spatial distribution of glacial vulnerability and its temporal changes in the 21 st century for the RCP6.0 scenario are analyzed, and the factors influencing vulnerability are discussed. Results show that mountain glaciers in China are very vulnerable to climate change, and41.2% of glacial areas fall into the levels of heavy and very heavy vulnerability in the period 1961-2007. This is mainly explained by topographical exposure and the high sensitivity of glaciers to climate change. Trends of glacial vulnerability are projected to decline in the 2030 s and 2050 s, but a declining trend is still high in some regions. In addition to topographical factors, variation in precipitation in the 2030 s and 2050s is found to be crucial. | YANG Jian-Ping DING Yong-Jian LIU Shi-Yin TAN Chun-Ping | 2015 | Advances in Climate Change Research2015，6，3： | 4 |
| 13 | 冰冻圈服务综合区划理论与方法显示文摘冰冻圈是全球气候系统的主要圈层之一,既具有不可替代的气候效应,又维系着寒旱地区社会经济和自然生态系统良好运行,而中国是中低纬度地区冰川、积雪、冻土发育程度最高的国家。长期以来,针对冰冻圈'致害性'的研究众多,而聚焦冰冻圈服务的'致利性'研究则相对滞后,在此背景下着眼于人类福祉的冰冻圈服务识别与综合区划研究成为冰冻圈科学、人地系统可持续发展等的关键科学问题之一,也是目前迫切需要开展的研究方向。首先,确定以地域分异规律理论、人地关系地域系统理论、集合论和信息编码论等跨学科理论为研究基础;尔后,构建面向综合区划研究的冰冻圈服务分类体系,先以供需均衡模型为核心进行单项服务重要性空间识别,再以服务最大化模型为指导,通过区位熵算法判定冰冻圈主导服务的空间分布;最后,以三维魔方展开法为核心制定冰冻圈服务综合区划方案,将研究区划分多重空间层级、彼此独立完整、相互联系密切的冰冻圈服务单元。综上,形成综合自然供给和人文需求因素且适应地区特色的冰冻圈服务空间识别与综合区划技术体系和方法流程,为冰冻圈服务供给与社会经济发展需要架起一座桥梁,是满足国家重大战略需求和合理利用冰冻圈服务的必由之路。 | 林浩曦 黄金川 效存德 漆潇潇 陈云谦 | 2020 | 地理学报2020，75，3： | 3 |
| 14 | 石河子地区年冻融指数的多尺度变化特征显示文摘基于石河子地区各气象站点1961─2013年的逐日平均气温数据,计算年冻融指数,并利用集合经验模态分解(EEMD)分析其多尺度变化特征。结果表明:在过去53 a,石河子地区冻结指数和融化指数的年际变化明显,其中冻结指数总体呈减少趋势,融化指数总体呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为-3.84℃·a-1和8.64℃·a-1。在年际变化上,冻结指数年际波动较大,其变幅为820~1 900.7℃;融化指数年际波动较小,变幅为3 518.8~4 577.9℃。在年代尺度上,冻结指数与气温呈明显的负相位,且两者的年际变化周期相同(3 a),年代尺度周期大致相当(10 a左右);融化指数与气温呈明显的正相位,且两者存在年际变化的同周期(3 a)。变化趋势特征表明,伴随着气温的增加,冻结指数呈非线性减少趋势,而融化指数呈非线性增加趋势。 | 罗那那 巴特尔.巴克 吴燕锋 | 2017 | 干旱区研究2017，34，3： | 3 |
| 15 | 我国中高纬度地区冻融指数变化与冷暖急转现象显示文摘利用我国中高纬度地区13个国家基准气候站近30 a日平均气温数据,分析中高纬度区域年冻融指数和冻融日数的变化趋势,结果表明:①近30 a研究区融化指数(thawing index,TI)处于显著上升过程,冻结指数(freezing index,FI)呈微弱上升趋势。②融化日数的上升和冻结日数下降趋势不显著。③日平均TI呈显著上升,日平均FI则微弱下降,小于-10℃的天数呈微弱上升趋势。冷暖季节日均气温有两极化发展趋势。④研究区大于10℃累计积温显著增加,小于-10℃累计积温呈下降趋势,冷暖在向两极发展的同时,过渡期日数显著缩短,冷暖急转现象尤为明显。⑤TI各指标的波动明显小于FI,TI与纬度和海拔呈显著负相关,FI则与纬度和海拔呈正相关,海拔对TI的影响要大于FI,纬度和海拔越高,FI和冻结日数的变化越小,而对应的融化指标波动越大。整体来看,我国中高纬地区从20世纪90年代后存在增温减缓、冷暖季日均气温两极化及冷暖急转现象较为明显。 | 代海燕 陈高娃 吴建华 杨丽萍 都瓦拉 | 2020 | 干旱区研究2020，37，2： | 3 |
| 16 | 冰盖下水流紊动特性试验研究显示文摘河冰是陆地冰冻圈的重要组成要素,在生消演变过程中影响水流运动规律,受冰凌影响河流流态可分为明流、完全冰封和部分冰封。为探究冰盖下水流的紊动特性,采用声学多普勒三维测速仪测量3种流态的恒定均匀流场,对比分析纵向时均流速、雷诺应力和紊动强度的分布规律。结果表明:完全冰封流纵向时均流速垂向上呈不对称“■”型分布,雷诺应力在垂向上线性分布,紊动强度在基于双层假定划分的冰盖层和床面层均符合指数分布律;部分冰封流纵向时均流速垂向分布兼具明流和完全冰封流的特性,存在横向动量交换,导致冰盖区、明流区和过渡区的雷诺应力和紊动强度在水深方向上也存在明显的差异。试验结果可为冰凌灾害防治和供水安全保障提供理论指导。 | 陈刚 董增川 王海军 顾世祥 杨红宣 | 2023 | 水科学进展2023，34，2： | 2 |
| 17 | 中国天山冰川变化脆弱性研究显示文摘The glacier is a crucial freshwater resource in arid and semiarid regions,and the vulnerability of the glacier change is intimately linked to regional ecological services and socio-economic sustainability.Taking the Tianshan Mountains region in China as an example,a basic framework for studying the vulnerability of glacier change was constructed so as to address factors such as physical geography,population status,socio-economic level,agricultural development,and social services.The framework was based on key dimensions,that is,exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability,and this constituted a targeted evaluation index system.We examined the spatial structure and spatial autocorrelation of the glacier change vulnerability using ArcGIS and GeoDa software.The influence and interaction of natural,social,economic,population and other factors on glacier change adaptability was examined using the GeoDetector model.The results suggested the following:(1)The vulnerability level decreased from the western region to the eastern region with significant differences between the two regions.The eastern region had the lowest vulnerability,followed by the central region,and then western region which had the highest vulnerability.(2)Significant positive and negative correlations were found between exposure,sensitivity,and adaptability,indicating that the areas with high exposure and high sensitivity to glacier change tended to have a low adaptive capacity,which led to high vulnerability,and vice versa.(3)The spatial heterogeneity regarding the ability to cope with glacier change reflected the combined effects of the natural,social,economic,and demographic factors.Among them,factors such as the production value of secondary and tertiary industries,the urban population,urban fixed-asset investment,and the number of employees played major roles regarding the spatial heterogeneity of glacier change. | 蔡兴冉 李忠勤 张慧 徐春海 | 2021 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2021，31，10： | 1 |
| 18 | 祁连山冰川变化及其脆弱性显示文摘Glaciers are a reliable freshwater resource in arid regions of West China and the vulnerability of its changes is closely related to regional ecosystem services and economic sustainable development. Here, we took the Qilian Mountains as an example and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of glacier changes from 1998 to 2018, based on remote sensing images and the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory. We estimated the basic organizational framework and evaluation index system of glacier change vulnerability from exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, which covered the factors of physical geography, population status and socio-economic level. We analyzed the spatial and temporal evolutions of glacier change vulnerability by using the vulnerability evaluation model. Our results suggested that:(1) Glacier area and volume decreased by 71.12±98.98 km^(2) and 5.59±4.41 km^(3), respectively, over the recent two decades, which mainly occurred at the altitude below 4800 m, with an area shrinking rate of 2.5%. In addition, glaciers in the northern aspect(northwest, north and northeast) had the largest area reduction. Different counties exhibited remarkable discrepancies in glacier area reduction, Tianjuan and Minle presented the maximum and minimum decrease, respectively.(2) Glacier change vulnerability level showed a decreasing trend in space from the central to the northwestern and southeastern regions with remarkable differences. Vulnerability level had increased significantly over time and was mainly concentrated in moderate, high and extreme levels with typical characteristics of phases and regional complexity. Our study can not only help to understand and master the impacts of recent glacier changes on natural and social aspects but also be conducive to evaluate the influences of glacier retreat on socio-economic developments in the future, thus providing references for formulating relevant countermeasures to achieve regional sustainable development. | 蔡兴冉 李忠勤 徐春海 | 2022 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2022，32，1： | 0 |
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