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| 1 | 水肥减量对日光温室土壤水分状况及番茄产量和品质的影响显示文摘【目的】水肥一体化技术为改变我国长期以来设施栽培蔬菜'大水大肥'的传统管理方式,实现资源节约、环境友好发展提供了硬件物质基础和载体,但我国不同地区农业生产条件差异较大,适合当地土壤、气候、作物和栽培季节等特点的水肥一体化灌溉制度和施肥量相对缺乏。本文在陕西关中地区研究了水肥一体化条件下不同水肥处理对土壤水分状况及秋冬茬番茄养分吸收和产量等的影响,旨在制定适宜当地日光温室栽培番茄的科学合理的灌溉施肥制度。【方法】田间试验设常规水肥处理(CK)、植苗后水肥一体化灌水追肥期水肥分别减量20%(S1)及40%(S2)3个处理,其中常规处理灌水量为当季作物冠层水面蒸发量(100%ET),追肥量为当地农户的平均用量;水肥一体化为膜下滴灌+文丘里施肥系统。采用自动连续数采张力计(英国Skye Data Hog2)测定蔬菜生长期间各处理0—20 cm和20—50 cm土层土壤水势,并建立对应的土壤水分特征曲线,将土壤水势动态变化转换为土壤含水率动态变化;用直径20 cm蒸发皿测定当季番茄冠层的水面蒸发量,分析冠层水面蒸发量与土壤有效贮水量损失的关系;测定了不同水肥处理对番茄根、茎、叶、果实生物量及氮、磷、钾吸收量与产量和品质的影响。【结果】1)不同处理番茄生育期内0—50 cm土壤相对含水率均在75%以上,土壤水分供应充足。常规水肥处理灌水后0—20 cm土壤含水率达到或超过田间持水量,20—50 cm土层均超过田间持水量,表明土壤水分可下渗到50 cm以下,进而发生土壤养分的淋溶问题。追施期水肥减量40%处理的土壤水分大部分处在75%~85%的适宜值范围。2)随灌水量的减少,0—50 cm土壤有效贮水量损失降低,平均为番茄冠层水面蒸发量的65.4%,与追肥期水肥减量40%处理的灌水量相近。3)不同水肥处理番茄干物质累积、养分携出量、番茄产量、品质均无显著性差异,而灌水利用率从常规水肥处理的55.1 kg/m3提高到83.2 kg/m3,差异达极显著水平。【结论】从0—50 cm土壤水分状况、土壤有效贮水量损失及番茄冠层水面蒸发关系看,温室全覆膜滴灌条件下,当地适宜灌溉定额为作物冠层水面蒸发量的65%左右。根据番茄生育期内不同水肥处理对土壤水分状况、番茄养分吸收、产量及品质和灌水利用效率的影响,制定出适宜当地秋冬茬番茄的合理灌溉制度为:全生育期总灌溉定额为1057 m3/hm2,8~12月对应的灌水定额分别为168、169、132、105及50 m3/hm2,8~11月灌水周期分别为20~30 d、8~13 d、8~13 d和20~30d,12月份依天气少量补水或不灌水,1月份无需灌水。 | 罗勤 陈竹君 闫波 雷金繁 张晓敏 白新禄 周建斌 | 2015 | 植物营养与肥料学报2015，21，2： | 53 |
| 2 | 温室沟灌条件下不同水氮用量对番茄产量、品质及水肥利用的影响显示文摘试验在温室栽培条件下研究不同的水氮用量对番茄产量、品质和水肥利用的影响,以期为温室番茄的生产提供科学的水氮管理依据。结果表明:有机无机配施模式下灌水与施氮量存在一定的交互作用,对于番茄产量、氮素总含量以及水氮利用效率具有较好的拮抗作用;充足的水分供应和适宜的施氮量是保证番茄产量、提高水氮利用率的前提。在相同灌溉量不同施氮量情况下,随着施氮量的升高,番茄品质中可溶性糖、可溶性酸和Vc含量与产量先升高后降低;在相同施氮量不同灌水量情况下,节水灌溉处理的氮肥与水分利用效率明显高于传统灌溉,且比传统灌溉处理增产3. 07%和5. 40%,节水灌溉处理的农学利用效率和肥料偏生产力比传统灌溉分别提高了23. 61%~29. 58%和3. 07%~5. 49%,与传统灌溉相比,节水灌溉处理的水分利用率提高了54. 60%和58. 64%,且节水灌溉下施氮量为675 kg/hm^2的处理产量以及水氮利用率最高。在本试验中,节水灌溉条件下施氮量为675 kg/hm^2的处理W2N675为较适宜番茄生长发育的处理措施。 | 刘东阳 汪俊玉 武雪萍 李若楠 黄绍文 李晓秀 | 2018 | 中国土壤与肥料2018，，6： | 9 |
| 3 | Assessing effects of deficit irrigation techniques on water productivity of tomato for subsurface drip irrigation system显示文摘Water resources are subjected to ever-increasing supply constraints due to extensive agricultural water demand for irrigated lands.Therefore,water-saving irrigation strategies need to be explored.The present study was conducted to explore the possibilities of using regulated deficit irrigation(RDI)and partial root zone drying irrigation(PRD)methods as water-saving irrigation techniques for subsurface irrigation.The objective of this study are to assess the effects of RDI and PRD irrigation on the water productivity of vegetable crops(tomato)under SSD systems in arid climatic conditions,and to compare the responses of tomato crops to PRD,RDI,and FI under an SSD system in terms of productivity,crop quality,and the amount of water saved.The field experiment was conducted during the fall 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 seasons in an experimental field located on an educational farm owned by the Faculty of Food and Agriculture Sciences Department,King Saud University,Riyadh,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.An area of 102.7 m^(2)(13 m×7.9 m)was allocated for the experiment to manage three treatments:RDI,PRD,and full irrigation(FI).The RDI and PRD treatments received 70%of the irrigation water volume of FI.Each was replicated three times.The most important results indicated that the soil water content(SWC)for the RDI and PRD treatments was lower than that of the FI treatments.FI had the highest stomatal conductance values(gs),while PRD had the lowest stomatal conductance values.The photosynthetic rate(A_(n))was lower under RDI and PRD compared to FI.However,there was no significant change in A_(n) between treatments for most readings taken during both time periods,which means that the water saving treatments(PRD and RDI)did not affect the net photosynthesis rate,thereby enhancing irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE)under DI treatments.The water-saving irrigation techniques decreased transpiration rate(T)compared to the FI treatment.The values of the abscisic acid(ABA)contents were higher under PRD and RDI than FI.The marketable yield under the FI treatment yielded the highest values.The fruit quality parameter results showed that the RDI and PRD treatments increased the total soluble solids,vitamin C,and titratable acidity of tomato compared to the FI treatment.Most of the minimum IWUE values were associated with FI.These results indicate the effects of deficit levels on IWUE. | Mahmoud S Hashem Tarek Zin El-Abedin Hussein M Al-Ghobari | 2018 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2018，11，4： | 1 |
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