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| 1 | 沉默CCR和CAD基因培育低木质素含量转基因多年生黑麦草显示文摘木质素作为维管植物的重要成分之一,主要存在于细胞的次生壁中。然而,木质素却是许多工农业加工过程的限制因素,例如在化学制浆、牧草消化以及木质纤维转化为生物酒精等过程中。肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(CCR)和肉桂醇脱氢酶(CAD)是催化木质素单体生物合成最后两步的关键酶。本研究根据NCBI中黑麦草CCR和CAD基因序列设计特异引物并添加相应酶切位点,从野生型多年生黑麦草cDNA分离克隆CCR和CAD基因片段,分别构建了含正反方向目的片段的植物表达干扰载体p23-iCCR和p23-iCAD。通过根癌农杆菌EHA105介导转入多年生黑麦草胚性愈伤组织,经过巴龙霉素筛选和PCR检测获得导入了干扰CCR和CAD基因片段的转基因株系i-CCR和i-CAD。常规方法测定相对木质素含量,结果显示,与对照相比,有9株i-CCR植株和11株i-CAD植株木质素含量显著降低,分别平均降低了34.67%,33.86%,且生长正常。本研究表明通过干扰CCR和CAD基因表达,可以获得低木质素含量的多年生黑麦草,为进一步培育易消化吸收的黑麦草提供了良好的种质资源。 | 胡可 严雪锋 栗丹 唐晓梅 杨宏 王艳 邓洪渊 马欣荣 | 2013 | 草业学报2013，22，5： | 17 |
| 2 | Altered Lignin Biosynthesis Improves Cellulosic Bioethanol Production in Transgenic Maize Plants Down-Regulated for Cinnamyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase显示文摘Cinnamyl 白酒脱氢酶(CAD ) 是涉及 monolignol 生合成的最后步的关键酶。木质素生产上的 CAD 下面规定的效果在玉米通过一条转基因的途径被调查。转基因的 CAD-RNAi 植物显示出在房间墙作文取决于分析织物和表演改变的酶的减小的不同的度。没有影响全部的木质素内容, CAD-RNAi 茎的细胞墙在 S-to-G 比率与细微减小包含木质素聚合物。另外,这些房间墙积累纤维素和 arabinoxylans 的高水平。相反, CAD-RNAi 中肋的房间墙在全部的木质素内容并且房间墙多糖介绍减小。,在 vitro degradability,试金显示出那到不同程度, CAD 活动的压抑导致的变化生产了中肋和比野类型的植物更可能减解的茎。在这块地里种的 CAD-RNAi 植物介绍了野类型的显型并且生产了干燥生物资源的更高的数量。有纤维质的 bioethanol 试金表明 CAD-RNAi 生物资源生产了乙醇的高水平与相比野类型,使 CAD 成为一个好目标两个都改进玉米 lignocellulosic 生物资源的营养、精力充沛的值。 | Silvia Fornale Montserrat Capellades Antonio Encina Kan Wang Sami Irara Catherine Lapierre Katia Ruel Jean-Paul Joseleaue Jordi Berenguer Pere Puigdomenech Joan Rigau David Caparros-Ruiz | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，4： | 14 |
| 3 | Deciphering the Enigma of Lignification: Precursor Transport, Oxidation, and the Topochemistry of Lignin Assembly显示文摘植物木质化是经由三顺序的步发生的一个紧调整的复杂细胞的过程:在 cytosol 以内的 monolignols 的合成;越过血浆膜的 monomeric 先锋的运输;并且到在房间墙以内的形式木质素大分子的 monolignols 的氧化聚合。尽管我们有 monolignol 生合成的合理理解,木质素汇编的许多方面留下逃犯。这些包括先锋运输和氧化,和木质素聚合的开始。这评论描述我们位于 monolignol 运输和氧化下面的分子的机制的当前的知识,讨论木质素汇编的吸引人的还最不听说的方面,并且加亮潜在地帮助澄清植物木质化的谜的技术。 | Chang-Jun Liu | 2012 | Molecular Plant2012，5，2： | 9 |
| 4 | 纸皮核桃内果皮硬化期差异表达基因筛选及功能预测显示文摘【目的】综合分析纸皮核桃内果皮硬化期转录本表达情况,获得3个代表样本间差异表达基因,为系统研究纸皮核桃内果皮木质化的分子机理打下基础。【方法】采用转录组测序技术对其内果皮硬化期3个样品测序,利用生物信息学方法和软件筛选样本间的差异表达基因并进行生物学功能预测。【结果】通过Trinity软件拼接得到76 814条Unigene,筛选出了609个差异表达基因,利用Gene Ontology和KEGG数据库对差异表达基因注释,发现差异表达基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导、苯丙烷类生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、ABC转运子合成、泛醌和其他萜类醌生物合成等途径中。【结论】筛出了纸皮核桃内果皮硬化期差异表达基因显著富集的主要代谢途径,为今后系统研究纸皮核桃内果皮木质化的分子机理打下了良好基础。 | 鱼尚奇 贾昌路 宋岩 刘春花 郭永翠 张文涛 陈立平 张锐 | 2019 | 果树学报2019，36，4： | 8 |
| 5 | 植物花药开裂机制研究进展显示文摘花药开裂是花药发育后期的一个重要特征。在生产上当作物花药开裂异常时,就会直接影响授粉受精的完成而影响作物的产量。本文结合植物花药发育的过程,从花药的各个组织结构、细胞的分化、植物激素和转录因子等方面对花药开裂的机理进行综述,并提出今后研究的方向。 | 丁泽琴 王志敏 牛义 汤青林 田时炳 王永清 杨洋 宋明 | 2013 | 中国蔬菜2013，，04X： | 4 |
| 6 | 核桃内果皮木质素生物合成途径关键基因研究进展显示文摘木质素(Lignin)是陆生维管植物次生细胞壁中含量丰富的高分子有机化合物,与植物细胞壁内的纤维素和半纤维素交织在一起。木质素在核桃硬壳(内果皮)中含量丰富且是其构成的主要成分,含量约在60%以上,目前生产中核桃缝合线松弛以及核桃内果皮发育不全(露仁)现象成为制约新疆核桃优质高产的主要因素,新疆要实现核桃的优质高产以及木质素的充分合理的利用,需进一步了解木质素的结构、组成及关键基因表达调控。因此,重点对木质素结构、木质素生物合成过程及基因调控规律等方面分析基因调控规律,为从植物木质素合成及表达量方面改善新疆核桃品质奠定理论基础。 | 郭永翠 秦江南 张锐 | 2019 | 现代园艺2019，42，7： | 4 |
| 7 | 苎麻木质素合成酶CAD基因的cDNA克隆及表达分析显示文摘采用PCR结合RACE技术克隆苎麻栽培种湘苎3号CAD基因全长cDNA序列;再运用qRT–PCR技术对木质素含量不同的代表性苎麻品种湘苎1号、湘苎3号、湘潭大叶白和城步青麻的CAD基因在其茎秆韧皮部和木质部的表达进行定量分析;使用1%间苯三酚和25%盐酸对4种苎麻茎横切片进行特异染色,观察品种间木质素染色度。结果表明,获得的苎麻CAD基因cDNA序列全长为1 378 bp(GenBank登录号,KF758396),编码359个氨基酸,推导为苎麻肉桂醇脱氢酶(BnCAD)。该推导蛋白质与已报道的几种植物木质素合成酶CAD的同源性均达90%以上,其中与蒺藜苜蓿的同源性达97%。运用qRT–PCR方法对BnCAD基因表达的定量分析结果显示,苎麻CAD基因在湘苎1号和湘苎3号的韧皮部表达水平明显高于其在木质部的表达水平,而在城步青麻木质部的表达水平高于其在韧皮部的表达水平,该基因在湘潭大叶白的韧皮部和木质部表达量接近。4种苎麻茎横切片的木质素染色结果表明,品种间木质素染色度与CAD基因在其韧皮部的表达量成正相关。 | 朱伟溢 陈建荣 彭彦 张学文 郭清泉 赵燕 | 2014 | 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)2014，40，5： | 3 |
| 8 | 正义、反义、干涉调控肉桂酰辅酶A脱氢酶基因对烟草的影响显示文摘肉桂酰辅酶A还原酶(Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase,CCR)是在木质素合成途径中起到关键作用的酶,负责催化肉桂酰辅酶A类物质的还原反应生成相应的醛类化合物。分离得到毛白杨CCR基因的cDNA。将CCR基因以正义、反义和干涉的形式,通过农杆菌介导的方法转入烟草中,Southern杂交以确定转基因成功。在获得的转基因植株中,所有下调基因的植株都表现出可溶性酚酸含量下降,木质素含量也有明显的下降趋势,纤维素含量则有上升,可能是对木质素含量下降的一种代偿性增长。植物细胞壁组分的含量变化表明CCR基因可能是一个控制木质素代谢途径的一个很好的调控点。 | 韩伯涛 盖颖 蒋湘宁 | 2013 | 广东农业科学2013，40，11： | 3 |
| 9 | 植物维管束抗病研究进展显示文摘本文系统介绍了植物维管束防卫反应的研究进展,并结合维管束中木质部和韧皮部的分化,以及木质部组成成分的分析,详细阐述了植物维管束在寄主植物中阻止病原菌入侵的潜在机理,以期对植物维管束抗病研究提供新的思路。 | 林辉 何祖华 | 2020 | 植物生理学报2020，56，12： | 2 |
| 10 | The regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube显示文摘Fruit lignification is due to lignin deposition in the cell wall during cell development.However,there are few studies on the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during fruit pigmentation.In this study,we investigated the regulation of cell wall lignification and lignin biosynthesis during pigmentation of winter jujube.The cellulose content decreased,while the lignin content increased in the winter jujube pericarp during pigmentation.Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the cellulose content was higher in the cell wall of winter jujube prior to pigmentation,whereas the lignin in the cell wall increased after pigmentation.The thickness of the epidermal cells decreased with pericarp pigmentation.A combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis showed that guaiacyl-syringyl(G-S)lignin was the main lignin type in the pericarp of winter jujube,and F5H(LOC107424406)and CCR(LOC107420974)were preliminarily identified as the key genes modulating lignin biosynthesis in winter jujube.Seventeen MYB and six NAC transcription factors(TFs)with potential regulation of lignin biosynthesis were screened out based on phylogenetic analysis.Three MYB and two NAC TFs were selected as candidate genes and further studied in detail.Arabidopsis ectopic expression and winter jujube pericarp injection of the candidate genes indicated that the MYB activator(LOC107425254)and the MYB repressor(LOC107415078)control lignin biosynthesis by regulating CCR and F5H,while the NAC(LOC107435239)TF promotes F5H expression and positively regulates lignin biosynthesis.These findings revealed the lignin biosynthetic pathway and associated genes during pigmentation of winter jujube pericarp and provide a basis for further research on lignin regulation. | Qiong Zhang Lihu Wang Zhongtang Wang Rentang Zhang Ping Liu Mengjun Liu Zhiguo Liu Zhihui Zhao Lili Wang Xin Chen Haifeng Xu | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 2 |
| 11 | EGTA reduces the inflorescence stem mechanical strength of herbaceous peony by modifying secondary wall biosynthesis显示文摘The mechanical strength of inflorescence stems is an important trait in cut flowers.Calcium ions(Ca^(2+))play a pivotal role in maintaining stem strength,but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms.In this study,we treated herbaceous peony(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)with ethyl glycol tetraacetic acid(EGTA),an effective Ca^(2+)chelator,and used morphology indicators,spectroscopic analysis,histochemical staining,electron microscopy,and proteomic techniques to investigate the role of Ca^(2+)in inflorescence stem mechanical strength.The EGTA treatment reduced the mechanical strength of inflorescence stems,triggered the loss of Ca^(2+)from cell walls,and reduced lignin in thickened secondary walls in xylem cells as determined by spectroscopic analysis and histochemical staining.Electron microscopy showed that the EGTA treatment also resulted in significantly fewer xylem cell layers with thickened secondary walls as well as in reducing the thickness of these secondary walls.The proteomic analysis showed 1065 differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)at the full-flowering stage(S4).By overlapping the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)and gene ontology(GO)analysis results,we identified 43 DEPs involved in signal transduction,transport,energy metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism,and secondary metabolite biosynthesis.Using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)analysis,we showed that EGTA treatment inhibited Ca^(2+)sensors and secondary wall biosynthesis-related genes.Our findings revealed that EGTA treatment reduced the inflorescence stem mechanical strength by reducing lignin deposition in xylem cells through altering the expression of genes involved in Ca^(2+)binding and secondary wall biosynthesis. | Yuhan Tang Daqiu Zhao Jiasong Meng Jun Tao | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 2 |
| 12 | 低温诱导蛋白在拟南芥花药晚期的转录组分析显示文摘本研究以对照(22℃)和冷胁迫(4℃)处理24 h的拟南芥9~14期花药为材料,分别构建两个c DNA文库并使用Illumina技术进行了转录组测序。获得了拟南芥9~14期花药的25 349个unigene(c DNA序列),其中低温诱导上调基因1 804个,下调基因1 550个。通过Gene Ontology(GO)功能和Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)代谢途径网络分析显示低温诱导上调基因主要富集在刺激应答通路,低温诱导下调基因主要富集在离子运输通路。同时发现拟南芥9~14期花药在低温处理后有1 708个基因被诱导,796个基因被完全抑制,低温诱导基因主要与植物的胁迫应答和脂代谢途径相关,低温抑制基因主要与蛋白质代谢相关,其中有些基因参与了植物的生殖发育。植物低温应答反应是一个涉及多基因、多信号途径的复杂过程,低温对花药的调控有其特异性,这些结果可为研究花药在冷胁迫环境下的刺激应答提供了一定的参考依据。 | 徐铭 聂昕怡 陈虎 林娟 | 2017 | 基因组学与应用生物学2017，36，7： | 2 |
| 13 | Phenylpropanoid Derivatives Are Essential Components of Sporopollenin in Vascular Plants显示文摘The outer wall of pollen and spores,namely the exine,is composed of sporopollenin,which is highly resistant to chemical reagents and enzymes.In this study,we demonstrated that phenylpropanoid pathway derivatives are essential components of sporopollenin in seed plants.Spectral analyses showed that the autofluorescence of Lilium and Arabidopsis sporopollenin is similar to that of lignin.Thioacidolysis and NMR analyses of pollen from Lilium and Cryptomeria further revealed that the sporopollenin of seed plants contains phenylpropanoid derivatives,including p-hydroxybenzoate(p-BA),p-coumarate(p-CA),ferulate(FA),and lignin guaiacyl(G)units.The phenylpropanoid pathway is expressed in the tapetum in Arabidopsis,consistent with the fact that the sporopollenin precursor originates from the tapetum.Further germination and comet assays showed that this pathway plays an important role in protection of pollen against UV radiation.In the pteridophyte plant species Ophioglossum vulgatum and Lycopodium clavata,phenylpropanoid derivatives including p-BA and p-CA were also detected,but G units were not.Taken together,our results indicate that phenylpropanoid derivatives are essential for sporopollenin synthesis in vascular plants.In addition,sporopollenin autofluorescence spectra of bryophytes,such as Physcomitrella and Haplocladium,exhibit distinct characteristics compared with those of vascular plants,indicating the diversity of sporopollenin among land plants. | Jinp-Shi Xue Baocai Zhang HuaDong Zhan Yong-Lin Lv Xin-Lei Jia TianHua Wang Nai-Ying Yang Yu-Xia Lou Zai-Bao Zhang Wen-Jing Hu Jinshan Gui Jianguo Cao Ping Xu Yihua Zhou Jin-Feng Hu Laigeng Li Zhong-Nan Yang | 2020 | Molecular Plant2020，13，11： | 2 |
| 14 | 果蔬采后木质素积累及其调控对品质的影响研究进展显示文摘综述了果蔬采后品质和生理失调与其木质素积累的关系,以及木质素单体的生物合成,木质素聚合和转录调控的研究进展,介绍了不同采后处理技术对果蔬品质的影响。 | 薛维文 周显芳 张昭其 方方 | 2022 | 园艺学报2022，49，9： | 1 |
| 15 | 扁桃花药开裂前后壁层细胞形态变化及分析显示文摘为探明扁桃花药开裂前后壁层细胞形态变化,以鹰咀扁桃鳞片开裂期、小蕾期、大蕾期和盛花期的花蕾为研究材料,运用石蜡切片法结合铁苏木精染色法、考马斯亮蓝染色法、PAS染色法对花药壁层细胞进行染色;同时用Nikon SMZ-250体视显微镜拍摄花药开裂过程,观测花粉粒长、短轴长度。结果表明:(1)从鳞片开裂期到小蕾期,花粉粒的长、短轴长度都增大,多糖颗粒数量增多,绒毡层细胞完全消失,中层细胞和药隔处细胞逐渐溶解;药室内壁细胞切向长度增加幅度大于径向长度,内、外壁长度都增大,螺旋状纤维进一步形成;表皮细胞切向长度增加幅度大于径向长度。(2)从小蕾期到大蕾期花粉粒长、短轴长度明显增大,多糖颗粒持续增多;中层细胞和药隔处细胞大部分溶解;药室内壁细胞径向、切向长度持续增大,内壁长度增大、外壁长度趋于稳定,多糖颗粒数量减少,螺旋状纤维基本形成;表皮细胞切向减小幅度大于径向。(3)从大蕾期到花药半开裂,花粉粒长、短轴长度稍微增大;中层细胞和药隔处细胞完全溶解;药室内壁细胞切向长度持续增大,径向长度趋于稳定,内壁长度持续增大,外壁长度逐渐减小,多糖颗粒数量较少;表皮细胞切向、径向长度持续减小。(4)花药半开裂后,花粉粒长、短轴长度都减小;药室内壁细胞和表皮细胞切向、径向长度都减小;药室内壁细胞内、外壁长度减小并趋于接近,内壁长度减小趋势出现晚于外壁。研究认为,扁桃花药壁层细胞形态变化是花药开裂的基础,并与花药开裂密切相关。 | 李鹏 田嘉 陆婷 罗淑萍 李疆 | 2015 | 西北植物学报2015，35，11： | 0 |
| 16 | Coffee cell walls-composition,influence on cup quality and opportunities for coffee improvements显示文摘The coffee beverage is the second most consumed drink worldwide after water.In coffee beans,cell wall storage polysaccharides(CWSPs)represent around 50 per cent of the seed dry mass,mainly consisting of galactomannans and arabinogalactans.These highly abundant structural components largely influence the organoleptic properties of the coffee beverage,mainly due to the complex changes they undergo during the roasting process.From a nutritional point of view,coffee CWSPs are soluble dietary fibers shown to provide numerous health benefits in reducing the risk of human diseases.Due to their influence on coffee quality and their health-promoting benefits,CWSPs have been attracting significant research attention.The importance of cell walls to the coffee industry is not restricted to beans used for beverage production,as several coffee by-products also present high concentrations of cell wall components.These by-products include cherry husks,cherry pulps,parchment skin,silver skin,and spent coffee grounds,which are currently used or have the potential to be utilized either as food ingredients or additives,or for the generation of downstream products such as enzymes,pharmaceuticals,and bioethanol.In addition to their functions during plant development,cell walls also play a role in the plant's resistance to stresses.Here,we review several aspects of coffee cell walls,including chemical composition,biosynthesis,their function in coffee’s responses to stresses,and their influence on coffee quality.We also propose some potential cell wall-related biotechnological strategies envisaged for coffee improvements. | 李争 张春堂 张緩 曾为 Igor Cesarino | 2021 | Food Quality and Safety2021，5，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of Citrus sinensis varieties provide insights into Valencia orange fruit mastication trait formation显示文摘Valencia orange(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)(VO)is a type of late-ripening sweet orange whose ripening occurs 4 to 5 months later than that of the mid-ripening common sweet orange(CO).Notably,the mastication trait of VO fruit is inferior to that of CO fruit.To date,how inferior pulp mastication trait forms in VO has not been determined.In this study,13 VO varieties and 12 CO varieties were subjected to whole-genome resequencing.A total of 2.98 million SNPs were identified from 25 varieties,and a SNP molecular marker was developed to distinguish VO and CO.Moreover,144 and 141 genes identified by selective sweep analysis were selected during VO and CO evolution,respectively.Based on gene functional enrichment analysis,most of the selected VO genes were related to the stress response and lignin biosynthesis.Simultaneously,we comparatively analyzed the transcriptome profiles of peel and pulp tissues among three VO varieties and three CO varieties,and the results demonstrated differences in lignin biosynthesis between VO and CO fruits.Furthermore,coexpression network analysis was performed to identify hub genes of lignin-related and variety-specific networks,which included CsERF74,CsNAC25,CsHSFB3,CsSPL4/13,etc.Overall,this study provides important insights into the mastication trait formation of Valencia orange fruit. | Guizhi Feng Xiu Ai Hualin Yi Wenwu Guo Juxun Wu | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 0 |
| 18 | Integrated view of plant metabolic defense with particular focus on chewing herbivores显示文摘Success of plants largely depends on their ability to defend against herbivores.Since emergence of the first voracious consumers,plants maintained adapting their structures and chemistry to escape from extinction.The constant pressure was further accelerated by adaptation of herbivores to plant defenses,which all together sparked the rise of a chemical empire comprised of thousands of specialized metabolites currently found in plants.Metabolic diversity in the plant kingdom is truly amazing,and although many plant metabolites have already been identified,a large number of potentially useful chemicals remain unexplored in plant bioresources.Similarly,biosynthetic routes for plant metabolites involve many enzymes,some of which still wait for identification and biochemical characterization.Moreover,regulatory mechanisms that control gene expression and enzyme activities in specialized metabolism of plants are scarcely known.Finally,understanding of how plant defense chemicals exert their toxicity and/or repellency against herbivores remains limited to typical examples,such as proteinase inhibitors,cyanogenic compounds and nicotine.In this review,we attempt summarizing the current status quo in metabolic defense of plants that is predominantly based on the survey of ubiquitous examples of plant interactions with chewing herbivores. | David Wari Takako Aboshi Tomonori Shinya Ivan Galis | 2022 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2022，64，2： | 0 |
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