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| 1 | Specific CD8^+ T cell response immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma and viral hepatitis显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), chronic hepatitis B(CHB) and chronic hepatitis C(CHC) are characterized by exhaustion of the specific CD8^+ T cell response. This process involves enhancement of negative costimulatory molecules, such as programmed cell death protein-1(PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4(CTLA-4), 2B4, Tim-3, CD160 and LAG-3, which is linked to intrahepatic overexpression of some of the cognate ligands, such as PD-L1, on antigen presenting cells and thereby favouring a tolerogenic environment. Therapies that disrupt these negative signalling mechanisms represent promising therapeutic tools with the potential to restore reactivity of the specific CD8^+ T cell response. In this review we discuss the impressive in vitro and in vivo results that have been recently achieved in HCC, CHB and CHC by blocking these negative receptors with monoclonal antibodies against these immune checkpoint modulators. The article mainly focuses on the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blocking monoclonal antibodies, the first ones to have reached clinical practice. The humanized monoclonal antibodies against CTLA-4(tremelimumab and ipilimumab) and PD-1(nivolumab and pembrolizumab) have yielded good results in testing of HCC and chronic viral hepatitis patients. Trelimumab, in particular, has shown a significant increase in the time to progression in HCC, while nivolumab has shown a remarkable effect on hepatitis C viral load reduction. The research on the role of ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab on HCC is currently underway. | Elia Moreno-Cubero Juan-Ramón Larrubia | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，28： | 13 |
| 2 | 乙肝的中医病机及干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎对患者细胞免疫功能的影响显示文摘目的研究干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎对患者细胞免疫功能的影响。方法本研究于2010年6月至2012年5月期间选择120例慢性乙型肝炎患者作为研究资料,按照随机对照原则将入组患者分为A组和B组,A组患者接受干扰素联合抗病毒及保肝治疗,B组患者接受常规抗病毒及保肝治疗。对照研究两组患者病毒学应答、肝功能及T淋巴细胞亚群水平。结果 A组患者治疗后肝功能各指标均较治疗前显著改善,B组患者TBiL和ALT水平显著低于治疗前,ALB治疗前后无显著差异。而A组患者治疗后的TBiL和ALT显著低于B组患者,ALB显著高于B组患者。两组患者治疗前HBV DNA水平无显著差异,治疗后两组患者均较治疗前显著降低,而A组患者治疗后4、12、24周的HBV DNA水平均显著低于B组患者。两组患者治疗前T淋巴细胞亚群水平无显著差异,A组患者治疗后NK、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+、以及CD4+/CD8+水平均较治疗前显著升高,且与B组患者相比存在显著差异。结论干扰素治疗慢性乙型肝炎患者可兼顾调节患者免疫功能,进而促进抗病毒疗效,改善肝功能。 | 金国贤 刘莹 金硕 | 2014 | 环球中医药2014，7，S1： | 1 |
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