| 1 | ER stress and ER stress-induced apoptosis are activated in gastric SMCs in diabetic rats显示文摘AIM: To investigate the gastric muscle injury caused by endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in rats with diabetic gastroparesis.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into two groups: a control group and a diabetic group. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. Gastric emptying was determined at the 4th and 12th week. The ultrastructural changes in gastric smooth muscle cells(SMCs) were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay was performed to assess apoptosis of SMCs. Expression of the ER stress marker, glucose-regulated protein 78(GRP78),and the ER-specific apoptosis mediator, caspase-12protein, was determined by immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Gastric emptying was significantly lower in the diabetic rats than in the control rats at the 12th wk(40.71% ± 2.50%, control rats vs 54.65% ± 5.22%, diabetic rats; P < 0.05). Swollen and distended ER with an irregular shape was observed in gastric SMCs in diabetic rats. Apoptosis of gastric SMCs increased in the diabetic rats in addition to increased expression of GRP78 and caspase-12 proteins.CONCLUSION: ER stress and ER stress-mediated apoptosis are activated in gastric SMCs in diabetic rats with gastroparesis. | Xia Chen Xiang-Sheng Fu Chang-Ping Li Hong-Xian Zhao | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，25： | 12 |
| 2 | Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors显示文摘AIM: To determine the bowel symptoms associated with diabetes and diabetes-related factors after excluding gastrointestinal(GI) organic diseases.METHODS: Participants were 4738(603 diabetic and 4135 non-diabetic) patients who underwent colonoscopy and completed a questionnaire. On the day of pre-colonoscopy, 9 symptoms(borborygmus, abdominal distension, increased flatus, constipation, diarrhea, loose stools, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation) were prospectively evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale. The test-retest reliability of the bowel symptom scores from the baseline and second questionnaires was analyzed using kappa statistics. Associations between bowel symptom scores and diabetes or diabetes-related factors were analyzed by a rank-ordered logistic model adjusted for related confounders, and odds ratios(ORs) were estimated.RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, constipation [adjusted odds ratio(AOR) = 1.57, CI: 1.33-1.85, P < 0.01] and hard stools(AOR = 1.56, CI: 1.33-1.84, P < 0.01) were associated with diabetes, and fecal urgency(AOR = 1.16, CI: 0.99-1.37, P = 0.07) and incomplete evacuation(AOR = 1.16, CI: 1.00-1.36, P = 0.06) were marginally associated with diabetes. These symptoms remained associated even after excluding organic GI diseases on colonoscopy. Test-retest reliability of symptom score with a mean duration of 3.2 mo was good(mean kappa, 0.69). Associations of symptoms with diabetes-related factors were found; constipation with Hb A1 c ≥ 8.0%(AOR = 2.11, CI: 1.19-3.73), b o d y m a s s i n d e x( B M I) < 2 5( A O R = 2. 1 1, C I : 1.22-3.66), and insulin use(AOR = 1.90, CI: 1.08-3.36); hard stools with diabetes duration(AOR = 1.03, CI: 1.00-1.07); fecal urgency with BMI < 25(AOR = 1.73, CI: 1.00-2.98); and incomplete evacuation with BMI < 25(AOR = 2.60, CI: 1.52-4.43), serum creatinine level(AOR = 1.27, CI: 1.10-1.47), and insulin use(AOR = 1.92, CI: 1.09-3.38).CONCLUSION: Diabetes is associated with constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, and poor glycemic control, duration, leanness, and nephropathy affect the risk of these symptoms. | Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama Naoyoshi Nagata Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda Eiko Izawa Hiroshi Kajio Takuro Shimbo Masafumi Kakei Naomi Uemura Junichi Akiyama Mitsuhiko Noda | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 5 |
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