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1Helicobacter pylori infection and inflammatory bowel disease: Is there a link?显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most widely spread infectious diseases in humans.It can cause chronic gastritis,peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancies and has been associated with extra-gastric disorders.H.pylori elicit a chronic systemic inflammatory response which,under certain conditions,may trigger autoimmune reactions and may be implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.Although the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is unknown,it is thought to result from complex interactions between environmental factors and microbiota in the gut of individuals who are genetically susceptible.Several bacterial and viral agents have been implicated in the aetiology of IBD.In theory,H.pylori infection could be involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by inducing alterations in gastric and/or intestinal permeability or by causing immunological derangements resulting in absorption of antigenic material and autoimmunity via various immunological pathways.Similar mechanisms may also be responsible for the co-existence of IBD with other autoimmune diseases and/or extra-intestinal manifestations.However,the epidemiological data fail to support this association.Infact,various studies indicate that the prevalence of H.pylori infection is low in patients with IBD,suggesting a protective role for this infection in the development of IBD.In this report,we aim to shed light on proposed mechanisms and confounding factors underlying the potential link between H.pylori infection and IBD.Konstantinos Papamichael Panagiotis Konstantopoulos Gerassimos J Mantzaris 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,21:33
2Factors that mediate colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)colonizes the stomach of humans and causes chronic infection.The majority of bacteria live in the mucus layer overlying the gastric epithelial cells and only a small proportion of bacteria are found interacting with the epithelial cells.The bacteria living in the gastric mucus may act as a reservoir of infection for the underlying cells which is essential for the development of disease.Colonization of gastric mucus is likely to be key to the establishment of chronic infection.How H.pylori manages to colonise and survive in the hostile environment of the human stomach and avoid removal by mucus flow and killing by gastric acid is the subject of this review.We also discuss how bacterial and host factors may together go some way to explaining the susceptibility to colonization and the outcome of infection in different individuals.H.pylori infection of the gastric mucosa has become a paradigm for chronic infection.Understanding of why H.pylori is such a successful pathogen may help us understand how other bacterial species colonise mucosal surfaces and cause disease.Ciara Dunne Brendan Dolan Marguerite Clyne 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,19:8
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