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| 1 | Vaccine against Helicobacter pylori : Inevitable approach显示文摘Over three decades have passed since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori), and yet many questions about its treatment remain unanswered. For example, there is no certainty regarding continued use of current antibiotic therapy against H. pylori. The bad news is that even combined regimens are also unable to eradicate bacterial colonization. The worst problem with H. pylori chemotherapy is that even if we identify the most successful regimen, it cannot eliminate the risk of re-infection. This problem is further complicated by the fact that clinicians have no information as to whether probiotics are useful or not. Moreover, to date, we have no large scale produced vaccine effective against H. pylori. Due to the relatively rapid and abundant dissemination of guidelines globally reported concerning management of gastric cancer prevention and therapeutic regimens, clinicians may choose a vaccine as better effective weapon against H. pylori. Therefore, a radical shift in adopted strategies is needed to guide ultimate decisions regarding H. pylori management. In light of failures in vaccine projects, we should identify better vaccine design targeting conserved/essential genes. The unique character and persistence of H. pylori pose obstacles to making an effective vaccine. Preferably, in developing countries, the best reasonable and logical approach is to recommend prophylactic H. pylori vaccine among children as an obligatory national program to limit primary colonization. Trying to produce a therapeutic vaccine would be postponed until later. In reality, we should not forget to prescribe narrow spectrum antibiotics. In the current review, I draw a route to define the best adopted strategy against this rogue bacterium. | Amin Talebi Bezmin Abadi | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，11： | 13 |
| 2 | Clinical proteomics identifies potential biomarkers in Helicobacter pylori for gastrointestinal diseases显示文摘The development of gastrointestinal diseases has been found to be associated with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection and various biochemical stresses in stomach and intestine. These stresses, such as oxidative, osmotic and acid stresses, may bring about bidirectional effects on both hosts and H. pylori, leading to changes of protein expression in their proteomes. Therefore, proteins differentially expressed in H. pylori under various stresses not only reflect gastrointestinal environment but also provide useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. In this regard, proteomic technology is an ideal tool to identify potential biomarkers as it can systematically monitor proteins and protein variation on a large scale of cell's translational landscape, permitting in-depth analyses of host and pathogen interactions. By performing twodimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2-DE) followed by liquid chromatography-nanoESI-mass spectrometry(nanoLC-MS/MS), we have successfully pinpointed alkylhydroperoxide reductase(AhpC), neutrophil-activating protein and non-heme iron-binding ferritin as three prospective biomarkers showing upregulation in H. pylori under oxidative, osmotic and acid stresses, respectively. Further biochemical characterization reveals that various environmental stresses can induce protein structure change and functional conversion in the identified biomarkers. Especially salient is the antioxidant enzyme AhpC, an abundant antioxidant protein present in H. pylori. It switches from a peroxide reductase of low-molecular-weight(LMW) oligomers to a molecular chaperone of high-molecular-weight(HMW) complexes under oxidative stress. Different seropositivy responses against LMW or HMW AhpC in H. pylori-infected patients faithfully match the disease progression from disease-free healthy persons to patients with gastric ulcer and cancer. These results has established AhpC of H. pylori as a promising diagnostic marker for gastrointestinal maladies, and highlight the utility of clinical proteomics for identifying disease biomarkers that can be uniquely applied to disease-oriented translational medicine. | Chun-Hao Huang Shyh-Horng Chiou | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Helicobacter pylori vaccination:Is there a path to protection?显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)is a pathogenic,extracellular bacterium that colonizes the stomach in approximately 50%of the world population.It strongly interacts with the gastric epithelium and mostly causes asymptomatic gastritis.The colonization of H.pylori leads to ulcer development in around 20%of infected patients and may progress to gastric cancer or mucosaassociated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in 1%.Thus,H.pylori is the major cause of gastric cancer worldwide.It has been classified as a classⅠcarcinogen by the World Health Organization.Since its discovery in the early eighties by Warren and Marshall,research has been focused on the investigation of H.pylori biology,host-pathogen interaction,prevention and treatment.Although H.pylori induces a strong humoral and local cellular immune response,the pathogen is not cleared and establishes a chronic infection after encounters in childhood.The ability to colonize the stomach is mediated by several virulence factors that change the host environment,promote adhesion to the epithelium,influence the gastric inflammation and induce immune evasion.H.pylori can be eradicated by antibiotic treatment in combination with a proton-pump inhibitor,but efficacy is decreasing.Current therapies are expensive,have side effects and contribute to increasing antibiotic resistance,underlining the need for novel therapeutics. | Florian Anderl Markus Gerhard | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，34： | 4 |
| 4 | Serum Helicobacter pylori Kat A and Ahp C antibodies as novel biomarkers for gastric cancer显示文摘AIM: To investigate catalase(Kat A) and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase(Ahp C) antibodies of Helicobacter pylori as biomarkers for gastric cancer(GC).METHODS: This study included 232 cases and 264 controls. Recombinant Kat A and Ahp C proteins were constructed and the levels of antibodies were tested by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Logistic regression was applied to analyze the relationships between Kat A, Ahp C and GC. The χ2 trend test was used to evaluate the dose-response relationships between serum Kat A and Ahp C antibody levels and GC. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to evaluate the screening accuracy of Kat A and Ahp C as biomarkers. Combined analysis was used to observe screening accuracy of predictors for GC.RESULTS: In all subjects, the association between Kat A and Ahp C and GC risk was significant(P < 0.001) with odds ratio(OR) = 12.84(95%CI: 7.79-21.15)and OR = 2.4(95%CI: 1.55-3.73), respectively. Kat A and Ahp C antibody levels were strongly related to GC risk with a dose-dependent effect(P for trend < 0.001). The area under the ROC(AUC) for Kat A was 0.806, providing a sensitivity of 66.81% and specificity of 86.36%; and the AUC for Ahp C was 0.615, with a sensitivity of 75.65% and specificity of 45.49%. The AUC was 0.906 for Kat A and flagella protein A(Fla A) combined analysis.CONCLUSION: Serum Kat A and Ahp C antibodies are associated with GC risk and Kat A may serve as a biomarker for GC. Kat A/Fla A combined analysis improved screening accuracy. | Bing Zhang Hai-Lin Li Qing Fan Fang Guo Xi-Yun Ren Hai-Bo Zhou Ji-Wei Zhu Ya-Shuang Zhao Wen-Jing Tian | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，21： | 1 |
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